风景园林专业古典园林分析课程教学改革探索

以河南理工大学风景园林专业古典园林分析课程为例，探讨当前课程教学形式、课程内容、考核方式中存在的问题，提出了丰富教学手段、优化课程内容、调整考核模式、增强师资建设等教学改革理念与方法，进而强化学生空间思维能力的培养和沉浸式教学活动的开展，提高学生的学习兴趣，提升学生对规划设计方案的分析能力。     

Habitat analysis of the commercial tuna of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean

We have extracted information on the habitats of bigeye (Thunnus obesus), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean by matching the spatial‐temporal distribution of catch and effort of purse seine and longline fleets collected by the Inter‐American Tropical Tuna Commission with oceanographic conditions and subjecting the matched data to Quotient Analysis and General Additive Models (GAMs). These analyses yielded the following results. The habitats defined by the GAM analysis of young fish differ significantly between two periods, one before and one after the introduction of fish aggregation devices (FADs). This was not true for the older fish caught by longline. We speculate that these changes were caused by the extensive use of FADs. Younger bigeye and yellowfin caught by the purse seine fleet have a different preference of environmental variables compared to older fish caught by longline. This is to be expected since tuna of different age groups have different sizes, metabolic capabilities and swimming skills. Moreover, as revealed by GAMs, the habitats of young fish differ between species to a much larger degree than those of older fish. Our results indicate the fundamental differences between fishing methods, targeted species, and operating region of the two fisheries. Specifically, young bigeye occupy equatorial waters farther from the coast and where the hypoxic layer is deeper, young skipjack occupy more productive waters associated with equatorial and coastal upwelling, and young yellowfin occupy broad areas where waters are underlain by a shallow hypoxic layer.     

新疆喀什红枣种植气象条件分析与气候品质认证

基于喀什国家基准气候站的日照、相对湿度、风速资料和佰什克热木乡自动气象站的温度、降水等气象资料,分析喀什2015年气象条件、气象因子对栽植红枣的影响及应对措施,研究喀什地区栽植红枣气候适宜性区划指标、红枣栽植的气候条件,旨在对红枣气候品质等级进行评估并确定影响品质的主要气候条件及关键因素,以期为喀什地区红枣种植栽培技术、生产管理条件提供科学依据。结果表明,2015年喀什气象条件中,日照条件最有利于红枣生长发育和果实的着色;2015年高温和降水对红枣生长发育期造成影响,管理上采用对应的农业措施保证了其质量和产量。通过对红枣气候适宜性区划指标、当年红枣生长气候条件、红枣企业生产管理条件评分值,认为认证区域内红枣气候品质等级为优。     

玉米杂交种主要农艺性状的相关和通径分析

[目的]探索沧州生态类型区主要农艺性状在玉米产量构成中的相对重要性。[方法]以自主选育的66个玉米杂交组合为研究对象,通过随机区组品比试验,进行产量与主要农艺性状的相关和通径分析。[结果]产量与穗粗和千粒重呈极显著正相关,与穗位和出籽率呈显著正相关,由逐步回归分析方程通过了显著性检验,回归系数t检验也在显著水平,千粒重、行粒数和穗行数对产量均有显著的正影响。[结论]该研究可为高产型玉米的选育提供一定的理论依据。     

精准扶贫视角下的县域竞争力研究——以大别山片区为例

全面测度大别山片区县域竞争力水平,明确县域竞争力中薄弱环节,为寻找扶贫着力点提供参考。通过偏离-份额分析法对大别山片区区域增长、产业结构、竞争力进行分析;进一步构建县域竞争力指标体系,对片区县域竞争力进行综合评价和排序。结果表明:县域竞争力是制约片区经济发展的最重要因素;大别山片区在财政金融、经济总量、农村居民生活、产业结构效益、城镇居民生活这5个主成分方面存在竞争力薄弱的情况。根据片区内各县县域竞争力薄弱的具体情况,提出了改善居民生活,缩小城乡差距;调整产业结构;统筹发展各类教育;制定财政政策,拓宽融资渠道;建立跨省协调机制;创新发展进行精准扶贫等6个方面精准扶贫的建议。     

利用重组自交系高密度遗传图谱定位水稻芽期耐冷QTL

为定位水稻芽期耐冷QTL,本实验以双季超级稻品种‘五丰优T025’的双亲‘五丰B’和‘昌恢T025’杂交衍生的重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines, RILs)群体为材料,对10℃低温处理的水稻幼芽的存活率、根数、根长和芽长进行了测定。利用QTL Icimapping v4.2软件,共检测到3个控制芽期耐冷性QTL：qRL1、qRL2和qBL6,分别位于第1、2、6染色体上,LOD值分别为2.98,2.51和5.26,分别解释表型变异的10.54%,8.67%和14.04%,其增效等位基因均来自于亲本‘昌恢T025’。这些QTL定位在6.75k~40.05 kb染色体区间,为后续利用这些QTL进行分子标记辅助,选育芽期耐冷籼稻新品种奠定了基础。此外,检测到13对影响水稻芽期耐冷上位性互作QTL,分布在所有12条染色体,其中第3染色体与第8染色体之间互作位点可解释的表型变异率达到21.77%,表明上位性互作QTL在调控水稻芽期耐冷过程中也发挥了重要作用。     

边界线分析法评价小麦/西瓜/玉米间作体系产量的限制因子

本研究旨在分析小麦/西瓜/玉米间作体系限制作物产量的关键因子,为该体系的优化提供科学依据。采用农户调研的方式,对河北省曲周县的小麦/西瓜/玉米间作模式展开调查,主要调研内容是小麦和玉米的播种量、养分投入量和产量以及西瓜的养分投入量和产量,应用边界线分析方法评价小麦/西瓜/玉米间作高产体系的限制因子。结果表明,限制小麦产量的关键因子为小麦播种量,贡献率达17.8%,而养分投入量的贡献率分别为:P₂O₅ 12.5%、K₂O 11.7%、N 8.0%。限制西瓜产量的关键因子为钾肥投入量,贡献率达15.8%,N、P₂O₅的贡献率分别为14.2%和11.8%。限制玉米产量的关键因子为氮肥投入量,贡献率达20.6%,其他因子的贡献率分别为:K₂O 14.2%,P₂O₅ 11.5%,播种密度9.2%。因此,在小麦/西瓜/玉米间作体系中,应适当调控小麦播量,优化西瓜的钾肥和玉米的氮肥投入量,促进该间作模式的产量优势。     

土地整治项目水资源平衡分析探讨 ---以陕西定边县郑寨子村项目为例

水资源平衡分析是进行土地整治的前提和基础，只有摸清整治土地的水资源状况，才能因地制宜地对整治土地科学规划有效实施，确保经济、社会和生态效益最优与协调统一。以定边郑寨子村土地整治项目为例，通过计算项目区域地下水补给量、排泄量、地下水可开采量、需水资源、可供水资源，定量模拟分析了该区域水资源平衡状况，结果表明，项目具有可实施性。实证分析的水资源平衡计算方法，为区域水资源均衡分析评价提供了可推广的理论支持。     

黄瓜白粉病抗性基因定位及候选基因分析

【目的】通过对黄瓜白粉病抗性基因的精细定位,明确抗性基因的候选区段,为进一步克隆基因及解析基因功能奠定基础。【方法】本研究选用高抗白粉病资源(自交系‘74’)和感白粉病资源(自交系‘80’)配制杂交组合,构建F_1、F_2群体,利用单囊壳白粉菌鉴定亲本及群体白粉病抗性并进行遗传分析;采用BSA-seq的方法对黄瓜白粉病抗性基因进行初步定位,在此基础上在候选区段开发分子标记,进一步精细定位白粉病抗性基因。【结果】分离群体单株表型鉴定结果表明,自交系74的抗性是由不完全隐性基因控制的。BSA-seq技术初步将抗性基因定位于5号染色体15—25 Mb位置,命名为PM 74。最终,利用分子标记将抗性基因定位于SSR15321和SSR07531之间,遗传距离为3.06 c M,物理距离为238 444 bp,可解释41.95%的表型变异。生物信息学分析表明在候选区段内包含有17个候选基因,其中Cucsa.275630为TIR-NBS-LRR类基因。【结论】本研究将黄瓜白粉病抗性基因精细定位到约238 kb的候选区段内,区段内包含有一个TIR-NBS-LRR基因,该基因将是今后研究的重点候选基因。     

Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy and waxy whole-wheat flour blends

Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy whole-wheat flour (WWF) with partial- or full-waxy (PW- or FW-) WWF substitution were studied. The substitution levels were 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g/kg, respectively. FW-WWF reduced the peak viscosity and pasting temperature of WWF blends as its substitution level was increased due to its higher proportions of B-type starch granules and short amylopectin chains, while PW-WWF increased peak viscosity with the increasing substitution level because of its higher amylopectin content. As demonstrated by farinograph and rheometer measurements, FW-WWF interfered with gluten development because of the increased competition for water by arabinoxylans and amylopectin; however, PW-WWF enhanced dough strength due primarily to its increased protein content. Consequently, FW-WWF showed a detrimental effect on cooked noodle texture as the cooked noodle hardness was reduced by 50% at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. In contrast, PW-WWF enhanced noodle integrity and elasticity by increasing cooked noodle cohesiveness and resilience by 10.1% and 14.8%, respectively, at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. The results suggest that with waxy WWF substitution, the changes in starch composition, arabinoxylans, and protein content could modify the interactions among flour components and influence the quality characteristics of noodle products.