不同的施肥方式对剑麻施肥区域土壤微生物类群的影响

研究不同的施肥方式对剑麻施肥区域土壤微生物类群产生的影响。结果表明，不同施肥方式下土壤微生物总量各有差异，在总体数量上以细菌为主，真菌次之，再其次是放线茵，特殊生理类群是解磷茵居多，纤维素分解茵次之，固氮茵最少；但从土壤微生物多样性指数来看，则表现为土壤中主要微生物类群多样性指数是施肥点的土壤高于附近的土壤，而土壤中特殊生理微生物多样性指数则无此变化趋势，即微生物总数高的土壤，其多样性指数不一定高。因此评价土壤生物多样性应将二者结合起来。     

Identification and Characterisation of Bacteria Causing Soft-rot in Agave tequilana

Agave tequilana is the raw material for the production of the alcoholic beverage tequila. A bacterial disease has affected the A. tequilana crop in recent years. Previous reports based on colony and cell morphology, Gram stain and potato rot indicated that Erwinia sp. is the main pathogen. We isolated a several bacterial isolates capable of producing soft-rot symptoms in greenhouse pathogenicity assays. An extensive characterisation involving pathogenicity tests, fatty acid profile, metabolic and physiological properties, ribosomal DNA sequence and intergenic transcribed spacer amplification (ITS-PCR) and restriction banding pattern (ITS-RFLP) was made of each isolate. Three different species: Erwinia cacticida, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas sp. were identified. Fatty acid and metabolic profiles gave low similarity values of identification but 16S rDNA sequence, ITS-PCR and ITS-RFLP confirmed the identification of E. cacticida. In the phylogenetic tree, E. cacticida from blue agave was grouped neither with E. cacticida type strains nor with Erwinia carotovora. This is the first report that associates E. cacticida with A. tequilana soft-rot symptoms.     

有机肥、碱性物质对龙舌兰麻H.11648幼苗营养生长影响

以玄武岩发育而成酸性粘土、龙舌兰麻H.11648幼苗为试材,以施用充足化肥为对照,施用有机肥、碱性物质(碳酸钙、白云石粉)作为其他处理,测量各处理对龙舌兰麻H.11648幼苗株高、叶宽、叶片数影响,为龙舌兰麻H.11648合理施用有机肥和碱性物质提供依据。结果如下： 1、用碱性物质碳酸钙或白云石粉调节的土壤pH值6.0、6.5处理的龙舌兰麻H.11648幼苗株高、叶宽、叶片数增长率与对照(pH5.5)没有显著差异,龙舌兰麻H.11648幼苗在玄武岩发育土壤上生长酸害阈值为pH值5.5；2、有机肥处理对龙舌兰麻H.11648幼苗株高、叶片数增长率没有显著影响,但4%、8%有机肥显著增加了叶宽(增长率分别比对照提高62.7%、76.7%),有机肥显著促进了龙舌兰麻H.11648幼苗生长。     

采自烟台市的南方根结线虫的描述

在烟台市西沙旺苗圃内的剑麻Agaverigida上发现一种根结线虫 ,经鉴定为南方根结线虫Meloidogyneincognita。该种根结线虫的主要鉴定特征为雌虫口针的基部球横向宽 ,背食道腺开口到口针基部球的距离近 ,会阴花纹多数呈六边形 ,背弓中等到高 ,多为方形 ,背线平滑或稍有波浪 ,侧线不明显。雄虫头冠前缘稍有凹陷 ,口针基球横向宽 ,前缘平或向后斜 ,与基杆界限明显 ,背食道腺开口距口针基球的距离很短。二龄幼虫直肠有的膨大明显 ,但在大多数标本中看不到膨大 ,尾透明末端界限明显或不太明显 ,指状 ,末端钝圆。与南方根结线虫的典型群体相比 ,该群体的雌虫和雄虫的口针都偏小。     

Soil fertility properties on Agave angustifolia Haw. plantations

This study examined the variations in soil physical, chemical and biological properties from Agave angustifolia fields in three sites with different topographic conditions (valley, hill and mountain), in Oaxaca, Mexico, associated with the tillage systems, disk ploughing (DP), animal drawn ploughing (ADP) and minimum tillage (MT), respectively. Plant ages were 1.5–3.5 years (class 1), 3.6–5.5 years (class 2) and 5.6–7.5 years (class 3). Soil samples were taken at two soil depths (0–20 and 21–40 cm) from plots of 4000 m² within each site and plant age classes, during the spring of 2005. The main changes in soil properties were found in the mountain site. Soil bulk density (2.0 g cm⁻³), cone penetration resistance (CPR) (3.96 MPa), 0.7 and 1.0 mm water stable aggregates (WSA) (28.3 g kg⁻¹ and 102.2 g kg⁻¹, respectively) were higher in the mountain site than in the hill and valley fields. This result is consistent with the rocky substrate beneath the shallow soil. Soil organic carbon (SOC) (23.9 g kg⁻¹), available N (23.1 mg kg⁻¹) and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) (969.6 μg g⁻¹) at the mountain site showed the highest values, suggesting that MT practiced in this topographic condition favours the organic matter accumulation and biological activity. Soil microbial biomass carbon and SOC seem to be the soil properties that were mainly affected by the sites and soil management associated with them. For the three sites, SOC, P_Olsen, available N, exchangeable Na⁺ and SMBC were higher at 0–20 cm depth than at 21–40 cm depth within each site. Exchangeable Ca²⁺ and K⁺, P_Olsen and CPR increased with plant age. In contrast, available N decreased. Soil chemical properties were more affected by the age of the plant than physical and biological properties. Results reported here represent a reference of the fertility properties of soils cultivated with A. angustifolia, which could be used in further studies focused on management and tillage systems.     

金边绿玉麻的组织培养

金边绿玉麻高10-15cm的侧芽，在MS 6-BA3．0mg/L(单位下同) IAA1．0培养基中，可诱导产生愈伤和芽丛，其增殖培养，适宜的培养基为MS 6-BA l．0 IAA0．3 Y0．6(多效唑)，每30d增殖率达3．0左右．切割下的不定芽在MS IBA0．3培养基中，根的诱导率(生根率)达93％。     

H.11648麻离体培养与植株再生的研究

以H.11648麻组培苗叶片为外植体,研究了不同生长调节剂对诱导愈伤、不定芽的分化、增殖及生根的影响。结果表明:在MS+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+4.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+3%蔗糖+0.23%植物凝胶(pH值5.8)培养基上诱导出愈伤组织为佳;在MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L NAA培养基中,愈伤组织不定芽分化率最高;将小苗移栽至基质配比为土壤∶椰糠=2∶1的育苗盆中,成活率达96%。     

剑麻花粉发芽率研究

［目的］研究剑麻花粉发芽率,为杂交授粉提供参考。［方法］以剑麻品种、蔗糖、琼脂、硼酸为因素,以花粉发芽率为统计指标,每个因素设3个水平,采用L9（34）正交设计。［结果］各因素对剑麻花粉发芽率的影响由大到小依次为品种、蔗糖、硼酸、琼脂;其中品种和蔗糖对剑麻花粉发芽率的影响极显著。［结论］剑麻花粉发芽率的最佳组合为A3B2C2D1,即H.11648在培养基组分为20%蔗糖＋2.5%琼脂＋0.010%硼酸时花粉发芽率最高。     

二氧化氯对剑麻外植体材料消毒的应用研究

为建立高效、环保的剑麻无菌繁殖技术,以H.11648剑麻的珠芽为外植体,以1 000 mg/L HgCl2溶液对外植体材料浸泡消毒灭菌20 min作对照,以不同浓度的ClO2溶液对外植体材料进行不同时间的浸泡消毒灭菌试验。结果表明,500~3 000 mg/L ClO2溶液对剑麻珠芽外植体浸泡消毒20~50 min,可显著降低培养材料的污染率,外植体生长好,腋芽萌动快,腋芽萌发率在14.175%~47.335%,显著高于对照的4.340%,最初3次继代的增殖率为5.685~11.325倍,显著高于对照的3.040倍。剑麻珠芽外植体材料消毒灭菌的最适宜方法是1 000 mg/LClO2溶液浸泡消毒30 min。     

湛江农垦剑麻产业2006～2016年生产加工分析

基于湛江农垦2006~2016年剑麻产业的相关数据,对其种植生产、加工和出口进行分析,结合市场前景和比较优势提出建议.