不同播期对黄秋葵长势、抗病性和产量的影响

为在河北省推广种植黄秋葵,在安国、保定、邯郸、衡水和石家庄5个试验点进行黄秋葵分期播种试验,研究了不同播期对石秋葵1号、红玉和五福3个品种生长势、抗病性和产量的影响。结果表明:播期对石秋葵1号、红玉和五福生长势、抗病性和产量具有较大的影响,随着播期的推迟,3个品种的茎粗大致呈逐渐增高的趋势,株高呈先降后升的趋势(除2018年的红玉外),单株结果数则先增加后减少,单果质量(除五福外)逐渐增大;以4月20日、25日和30日为播期,得到的黄秋葵单株产量和折合667 m~2产量较高。综合得出,河北省黄秋葵种植以4月20日、25日、30日为播期最为适宜。     

Seed Yield Stability of Okra as Influenced by Planting Date

Fifteen selected okra varieties consisting of ten newly-developed lines and five established varieties were evaluated for stability of seed yields in eight different environments i.e. several monthly plantings for three consecutive years. Seed yield data were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of using different planting dates in seed yield trials of new okra varieties. The wide ranges of environmental indices (- 10.8 to 24.4) and seed yield (2.7 to 38.0 g plant ^-1) indicated significant variation between the environments even though the trials were conducted at the same location. A regression method of stability analysis showed that the mean differences between environments, the varieties and their interactions were highly significant. These results suggest that where limited resources prevent the use of several locations, different dates of planting for two or more years could be used to evaluate okra varieties for seed yield without losing much information on their relative ranking.     

Genetics of resistance to cotton jassid,Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) in okra

Summary The resistance to cotton jassid in okra was found controlled by dominant genes. Both additive and dominance gene effects were significant but both additive gene effects and dominance x dominance type of interactions appear to be more important than other effects. The former could be exploited for developing genotypes resistant to jassids in okra.     

魔芋套种黄蜀葵栽培技术

近年来,黄蜀葵作为中药材在我市规模化人工试种获得成功,农户种植经济效益较好,积极性较高。黄蜀葵植株高、叶片大,能为魔芋提供遮荫生长环境条件,且二者主要根系分布于不同土层,充分利用不同土层肥水,实现双收目的。经两年多点观察记载,归纳总结形成了魔芋套种黄蜀葵的栽培技术,以此为魔芋、黄蜀葵产业发展提供参考。     

赤霉素对猪屎豆和黄葵种子萌发的影响的初步研究

使用不同浓度的赤霉素GA3浸泡猪屎豆和黄葵种子,研究对种子萌发的影响。结果表明：200 mg/L的GA3处理对猪屎豆的催芽效果最好,而100 mg/L的GA3处理对黄葵的催芽效果最好;GA3浸种催芽对种子的发芽势和发芽率有一定的促进作用,种子发芽率、发芽势有提高,但效果不显著。GA3的浓度过低或者过高,对种子发芽率的影响不明显。     

质子辐照对金花葵生长发育的影响及其基因组变异的RAPD 分析

对金花葵(Abelmoschus manihot)种子进行不同剂量的质子辐照,并经过种植观察和RAPD分子标记分析,探究辐照对其生长发育的影响.结果显示,辐照剂量为200、500、1000c的金花葵营养生长和生殖生长状况与对照差异显著,但辐照100 c的金花葵变化不明显.其中,辐照剂量为200、500、1000c的金花葵植株明显较对照高,茎秆直径也大于对照,但果实的长、宽均有所减小;每果结籽数有一定增多,但种子的千粒重有一定下降,其中以辐照500、1000c下降较为明显.RAPD分析显示:各辐照处理谱带的分子量集中在200～2 000 bp之间;各辐照处理的DNA基因组均发生了一定变化,出现了条带增多或缺失,以及条带深浅的变化.辐照100、200、500、1000c处理电泳条带与对照间的Nei's遗传距离分别为0.1126、0.2444、0.2081和0.2000.可见,质子辐照能够引起金花葵的基因组发生变化,并表现出植株增高、茎秆变粗、结籽增多、果实变狭长、种子千粒重降低等生物学效应,辐照剂量在200～1000 c时这种诱变效应更明显.     

The reproductive biology of okra. 2. Self-fertilization kinetics in the cultivated okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), and consequences for breeding

Summary The use of Cruden's index (1977), for studying okra sexual reproductive allocations, indicates a facultative autogamy mode. The purpose of the research described is to obtain more accurate information on the self-fertilization process. For this, self-pollen grain germination was stopped at different times of the day. Twelve varieties of Abelmoschus esculentus were used. Self-fertilization kinetics—expressed by the setting rate—displayed an increase between 7.00 to 16.00 hr. Study of obtained progenies, by stimulated allogamy, confirmed the process and showed that allo-pollen grains deposited on a stigma after midday had only a very little chance of contributing to fertilization. As a result, the polymorphism of the flower structure and particularly the distance between anther and stigmas, insect types and movement habits play major roles in governing okra allogamy. We also show that self-fertilization kinetics can be used to improve controlled hybrid production.     

不同地点的黄秋葵部分数量性状表达差异

以16个黄秋葵品种为材料,通过种植试验探究不同生态区的环境条件差异对黄秋葵品种数量性状的影响。结果表明：叶片长度、宽度在品种及地区间数据波动较大,因此这2个性状受品种及环境的互作效应较大;叶柄长在品种间差异较小,但受环境影响较大;果实厚度和果实长度在品种内容易出现不稳定的情况,而果实长度和果实直径在品种间的平均变异系数相对较小,分别为9.68%和8.68%,因此环境作用对其影响相对较小;单荚种子数在不同生态区表现出显著差异,易受环境影响;在品种类型中,矮杆类型、长果类型、红果类型的黄秋葵相较于其他类型更易受到环境的影响。     

金花葵不同部位化学成分分析

[目的]比较金花葵不同部位化学成分差异,确定金花葵最佳药用部位。[方法]采用分光光度法检测金花葵不同部位(种子、果皮、花、茎、根)的总多糖、甘露醇、总黄酮和总皂苷的含量,并利用高效液相测定8种核苷类成分(尿嘧啶、尿苷、肌苷、鸟苷、腺嘌呤、胸苷、腺苷、2'-脱氧腺苷)。[结果]金花葵花的多糖、甘露醇、总黄酮、总皂苷含量均列前位,特别是总黄酮含量丰富;金花葵花的核苷类成分总含量也最高;而且花的化学成分含量与其余部位差距较大。[结论]金花葵花的有效成分含量较为丰富,是理想的药用部位。     

盐胁迫对黄蜀葵生长及金丝桃苷含量的影响

通过种子萌发试验和盆栽试验,探讨了盐胁迫对黄蜀葵种子发芽、生长发育、植株体内离子分布以及金丝桃苷含量的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫对黄蜀葵种子萌发有一定的抑制作用,随着盐浓度的增加,其发芽率呈下降趋势;低浓度NaCl胁迫有利于黄蜀葵生长,其中,0.3%的NaCl处理下生长发育较好;盐处理后,黄蜀葵根中Na+和K+含量显著高于茎与叶,Ca2+含量、K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+值显著低于茎与叶;随NaCl浓度提高,根中Na+含量逐渐增加,各个器官中Ca2+和K+含量均呈上升趋势。盐胁迫对黄蜀葵花冠中金丝桃苷含量影响显著,当NaCl浓度为0.3%时,金丝桃苷含量达到最高,但当NaCl浓度为0.7%时,金丝桃苷含量急剧下降。认为黄蜀葵为耐盐植物,适度的盐胁迫可以提高黄蜀葵花冠中金丝桃苷的含量。