Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

Effects of polyline simplification of dynamic GPS data under forest canopy on area and perimeter estimations

The objectives of this study were to determine Global Positioning System (GPS) positional errors while moving under the forest canopy and to clarify the effects of polyline simplification on area and perimeter estimations. We used the Pathfinder Pro XR and GPSMAP 76S, which are categorized as “high-end mapping” and “general navigation” GPS receivers, respectively. The field tests were conducted in both natural and plantation forests. The results showed that the Pathfinder Pro XR, which has better multipath rejection technology, worked well, especially in the plantation forest under unfavorable conditions of higher stand density. We used analysis of variance to clarify the effects of the receiver type, positioning mode, stand type, and polyline simplification method on area and perimeter estimations. The receiver type and positioning mode were found to be significant factors that affected area estimation. The Pathfinder Pro XR estimated the area more accurately than the GPSMAP 76S, and differential GPS estimated the area more accurately than autonomous GPS. With respect to the perimeter, the receiver type, positioning mode, and polyline simplification method were found to be significant factors. The results showed that perimeter estimation was improved by using the velocity filter, and further improved by using the velocity filter and Douglas-Peucker algorithm, especially when the Pathfinder Pro XR was used. The GPSMAP 76S estimated the perimeter accurately without any filtering because its default speed filter worked well, even though the GPSMAP 76S is a general navigation GPS receiver.     

成都市区淡水浮游动物多样性初步调查

为了研究成都市区浮游动物群落多样性,对成都市区内主要河流及公园湖泊的浮游动物进行了调查。共鉴定到浮游动物18属25种,群落组成以轮虫为主,群落密度变动范围在70～260 ind.L-1,生物量在0.036～1.016 mg.L-1之间,表明成都市区水体处于贫营养状态。Shannon多样性指数(H)变化范围为2.61>H>0.84,Margalef丰富度指数(D)为2.88>D>0.44,表明成都市区河流水体为中度污染到重度污染。不同采样点比较显示,随着河流进入人口密集的市中心区域,浮游动物群落受影响程度增大,流出城市后,所受的影响降低至入城之前的水平。因此,城市湖泊的人为管理会对湖泊中浮游动物群落产生影响;城市建筑施工向河流倾倒建筑垃圾,会对水中浮游动物群落产生严重影响。     

缺失原始数据的单因素方差分析方法研究

对缺失原始数据的数据资料进行了方差分析。从方差分析的基本原理入手,对基本统计数据进行反向推理,得到处理间和误差项的各项离差平方和、自由度以及均方,从而可以实现缺失原始数据下的方差分析,并编写了SAS程序予以实现整个计算和方差分析过程。     

Effects of particle size on the quality attributes of reconstituted whole-wheat flour and tortillas made from it

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of whole-wheat flour (WWF) particle size on the quality attributes of WWF tortillas. WWF samples of different particle size distributions from commercial U.S. hard white (median diameters: 175.7, 128.6, 120.0, 108.5 and 102.4 μm), hard red winter (median diameters: 173.7, 133.6, 124.3, 110.8 and 104.2 μm) and hard red spring (median diameters: 173.7, 132.1, 124.7, 112.9, 106.3 μm) wheat classes were obtained by fine grinding of bran and shorts and re-combining with the rest of fractions. For all three wheat classes, as WWF median particle size decreased, the L* (lightness) value decreased but the adjusted damaged starch, polyphenol oxidase activity, and a* and b* values increased. Mixolab data showed that development time decreased as WWF particle size was reduced, while stability time and starch retrogradation increased. As for WWF tortilla quality, the breaking force and extensibility increased with decreasing particle size from ∼175 to 129–134 μm, but diameter and thickness were not significantly affected. The results indicated that reducing the median particle sizes of WWFs from ∼175 μm to ∼130 μm would significantly improve the WWF tortilla quality.     

不同添加剂饲喂的肉鸡中微量元素及亚硝酸盐含量的测定

以3组配方饲喂的600只AA肉用仔鸡为试材,对其7种微量元素和亚硝酸盐含量进行了随机测定。结果表明,3组肉鸡中微量元素(铅除外)、亚硝酸盐含量均低于我国无公害畜禽肉安全要求(2001)中规定的最高限量,并且组间无显著性差异(铅除外),但蜂胶组的铅含量显著高于其他组。     

印楝无性系当代种子农药品质性状的遗传变异及农药型印楝优株评价

[目的]建立一套适合印楝药用优树无性系测定的分析评价方法,并进行农药型印楝优株评价。[方法]以印楝药用优树和平均木无性系为试验材料,通过不完全谱系设计建立无性系品比试验,采用重复力估算法在表型水平上对无性系当代种子农药品质性状进行遗传变异分析,提出"农药型印楝"的概念和标准,根据该标准进行农药型印楝优株评价。[结果]无性系种子印楝素组分含量随优树种子印楝素组分含量的变化而变化,但在无性系内和无性系间都存在不同程度变异:同一无性系各分株间的印楝素B变异(5.26%37.55%)较印楝素A变异(6.06%15.80%)和印楝素AB变异(2.95%16.14%)大,印楝素B和印楝素AB几乎呈退化和/或趋中遗传倾向,而印楝素A则既有退化和/或趋中遗传倾向又有超母遗传倾向;无性系间种子印楝素组分含量性状具有异质性(P0.01)。无性系印楝素A重复力(0.78)、印楝素B重复力(0.81)和印楝素AB重复力(0.83)均较高,表明无性系间印楝素组分含量的差异主要是由遗传效应和一般环境效应造成的,受特殊环境效应影响较小。按农药型印楝标准,评定LD0505、WW0401、AT0515三个无性系为"农药型印楝品种",LD0505和WW0421是"农药型印楝亲本"。[结论]重复力估算法适用于印楝药用优树无性系测定的分析评价,优树种子农药品质性状的遗传传递力强,无性系能保持优树农药品质的优良特性;评定LD0505、WW0401、AT0515为农药型印楝品种,LD0505和WW0421还可作为农药型印楝亲本,其余优树无性系不宜选择。     

Effect of Zinc and Dolomite Treatments on the Chemical Composition of Acid Sandy Soil and Bean Crop

The impact of the application of 4,500 kg ha^?1 dolomite with or without 40 kg ha^?1 ZnSO₄ 7H₂O on the elemental composition of bean and soil as well as on agronomic properties of the crop were examined in a pot experiment. The application of dolomite increased soil ammonium lactate–extractable magnesium content threefold and that of calcium by 80%. Application of zinc increased ammonium lactate–extractable zinc content by 100%. The increase of 0.8 pH unit from 5.4 (Ø-Ø) to pH 6.2 (Ø-dolomite) was accompanied by a significantly lower zinc, manganese, and potassium content of the plant material. Magnesium and potassium antagonistic effects manifest in plant composition and soil–plant relationships but not in soil. Magnesium and phosphorus show contradictory relationships: negative in soil and plant but positive in soil–plant relationship. The dry mass of bean shows the order of ZnSO₄-dolomite > ZnSO₄-Ø > Ø-dolomite > Ø-Ø.     

Rice cultivation and its environmental conditions in the Mediterranean countries II. Soils,their fertility and mineralogy

In Italy paddy aolls have a broad varfability with respect to region and age of the parent material. The regional characteristics, however, predominate over the age relations, i.e., the Po delta soils have higher potentialities than the youngest of those in the middle reaches of the Po. Among soils of the middle reaches the older the parent material, the more depleted the bases. Some of the better drained terrace soils have the morphology of “aquorizem.”

Spanish paddy soils along the Mediterranean coast are all alike, having an alkaline reaction due to the presence of free lime, and SiCL to SiC textures. Morphologically there are two types of paddy soils, one having gleyed subsoils due to groundwater influence, and the other having brown subsoils below strongly gleyed aurface soils under aubmergence.

Portugese paddy soils are generally similar to Spanish soils both in mode of occurrence and In nature, except for neutral to slightly acidic reaction and absence of free lime in the former.

The general soil potentiality aa judged from chemical and mineralogical atudies is in the order of Spanish>Portugese>Italian paddy aoils.