南繁区稻瘟病菌遗传多样性和群体遗传结构的AFLP分析

【目的】为了明确南繁区稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)的遗传分化情况,【方法】采用AFLP分子标记技术对南繁核心区(三亚、乐东和保亭)和非核心区(琼中、屯昌和定安)共60个稻瘟病菌菌株的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构进行了比较分析。【结果】聚类分析表明,几乎所有菌株都聚在同一个谱系里,并且该谱系没有明显的亚群;群体遗传结构分析表明,核心区群体的多态性位点百分率、Shannon信息指数和基因流分别为87.89%、0.2738和4.2897,高于非核心区群体的81.37%、0.2703和3.5892;然而,核心区群体的Nei基因多样性指数和基因分化系数分别为0.1657和0.1044,低于非核心区群体的0.1662和0.1223。【结论】这些结果表明核心区和非核心区菌株都存在丰富的遗传多样性,不同群体间均存在较多的基因交流,但遗传变异均主要来自群体内;相比之下,核心区菌株的遗传多样性和遗传分化程度较高。     

运用AFLP技术估计毛白杨及其杂种毛新杨的遗传杂合水平

首次报道以毛新杨 (Populustomentosa×P .bolleana)无性系TB0 1×毛白杨 (P .tomentosa)无性系LM5 0的回交子代 12 0株随机个体为材料 ,利用扩增性片断长度多态性 (AFLPs)标记技术研究毛白杨及其杂种毛新杨的遗传平均杂合水平。研究结果表明 :30对不同的AFLP引物组合能够检测到毛白杨的遗传平均杂合水平范围为 9 10 %～ 30 19% ,平均为 18 71% ;而毛新杨的遗传平均杂合范围为 1 39%～ 2 0 31% ,平均杂和水平约为 8 4 7%。因此 ,对于分离群体亲本杂合度来说 ,毛白杨平均杂合度为毛新杨的 2 2 1倍。     

Diversity of the calabash tree (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crescentia cujete</Emphasis> L.) in Colombia

Germplasm of the calabash tree (Crescentia cujete L.) was collected in five major regions of Colombia, i.e. the Andes, Caribbean, Amazon, Orinoco, and Pacific regions. Collecting this multipurpose tree was guided by the indigenous knowledge of farmers and artisans in each region. Large variation in fruit shapes and sizes was found, of which some forms were typical for certain regions. Overall 56 accessions were collected and roughly classified into 22 types by eight fruit shapes and eight sizes. Molecular markers (Amplified fragment length polymorphisms) were applied to leaf tip tissue originating from vegetatively propagated plants in order to assess the diversity available in the germplasm collected as well as to detect patterns of geographical or morphological similarity. One accession each of C. alata H.B.&K. and C. amazonica Ducke were used as outgroups. Overall, genetic diversity was high (mean Nei and Li’s coefficient of 0.43). No relations could be established between either geographical provenance or fruit morphology and patterns of genetic diversity. Concerning the outgroups, the C. amazonica accession appeared to be a distinct species. The C. alata accession, however, did not seem to be sufficiently distinct from C. cujete to merit species status. The latter material may in fact be a hybrid or serve to challenge the validity of interspecific organization of the genus Crescentia.

Genetic Relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula Using AFLP Markers

Genetic relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula were studied by using AFLP markers. 18 accessions representing 14 cultivars ofPrunus murne var. pendula were selected from the germplasm collection at the Research Center of China Mci Flower. Seven Mse I-EcoR I AFLP primer combinations revealed 450 legible bands, and 269 of which were polymorphic markers. A similarity matrix was prepared using the simple matching coefficient of similarity and Nei‘s (72) distance coefficient. A UPGMA dendrogram demonstrated the genetic relationships of the cultivars. The information given by AFLP markers was basically consistent with the morphological classification and the evolutionary history of the morphotypes, and roughly supported the new revised classification system for Chinese Mci Cultivars. But there were still several exceptions: 1) the ‘Guhong Chuizhi‘ inserted between the ‘Tiaoxue Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Danfen Chuizhi‘; 2) the ‘Wufu Chuizhi‘ kept off the Pink Pendant Form, and the ‘Moshan Chuizhi‘ was removed from Viridiflora Pendant Form; 3) the ‘Danbi Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Shuangbi Chuizhi‘ of Viridiflora Pendant Form got together well but fell within the Pink Pendant Form.     

适于AFLP分析的澳洲坚果DNA提取方法

利用SDS法和改良CTAB法对澳洲坚果两个品种的基因组DNA进行提取试验,结果表明:SDS法与改良CTAB法提取的基因组DNA完整性都比较好,但SDS法获得的DNA含有较多杂质,不能被限制性内切酶消化,改良CTAB法提取的基因组DNA可以完全酶切,DNA质量符合AFLP分析的要求。     

土壤微生物多样性的分子生态学研究方法

传统的平板培养法分离培养和鉴定土壤微生物只能反映极少数微生物的信息,种类只占土壤微生物种类总数的0.1%～1%,分子生态学方法应用于土壤微生物的鉴定显示出极大的优越性.着重阐述了土壤微生物多样性的研究内容、意义及目前的采用分子生态学的方法研究土壤微生物多样性,尤其以DGGE（denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis）分子生物学技术以及RAPD（Random amplified polymorphic DNA ）随机扩增的多态性分析方法更为精确和快速,为土壤微生物多样性研究提供了一个更加广阔的前景.     

Vine-1 retrotransposon-based sequence-specific amplified polymorphism for Vitis vinifera L. genotyping

The sequence‐specific amplification polymorphism (S‐SAP) method, derived from the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique, produces amplified fragments containing retrotransposon long terminal repeat ( LTR ) sequence at one end and a host restriction site at the other. The development and application of this procedure to the LTR of the Vine‐1 element from grapevine is reported. Two primers derived from one of the LTR sequences flanking the retrotransposon were used in combination with MseI degenerated primers on 15 grapevine accessions. S‐SAP results were compared with AFLP data. The heterozygosity and gene diversity values were higher for S‐SAP than for the AFLP procedure. Results show that S‐SAP amplification is effective in identifying polymorphisms and defining genetic distances among cultivars, and could be used for fingerprinting and for ‘Traminer’ clone identification. To the contrary Vine‐1 retrotransposon‐based S‐SAP was not able to distinguish ‘Pinot’ clones.     

Genetic mapping of AFLP markers in Japanese bunching onion (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Allium fistulosum</Emphasis>)

Summary The first genetic linkage map of Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum) based primarily on AFLP markers was constructed using reciprocally backcrossed progenies. They were 120 plants each of (P₁)BC₁ and (P₂)BC₁ populations derived from a cross between single plants of two inbred lines: D1s-15s-22 (P₁) and J1s-14s-20 (P₂). Based on the (P₂)BC₁ population, a linkage map of P₁ was constructed. It comprises 164 markers – 149 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), 2 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPSs), and 12 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from Japanese bunching onion, and 1 SSR from bulb onion (A. cepa) – on 15 linkage groups covering 947 centiMorgans (cM). The linkage map of P₂ was constructed with the (P₁)BC₁ population and composed of 120 loci – 105 AFLPs, 1 CAPS, and 13 SSRs developed from Japanese bunching onion and 1 SSR from bulb onion – on 14 linkage groups covering 775 cM. Both maps were not saturated but were considered to cover the majority of the genome. Nine linkage groups in P₂ map were connected with their counterparts in P₁ map using co-dominant anchor markers, 13 SSRs and 1 CAPS.     

燕山板栗种质资源AFLP遗传多样性分析

为研究燕山板栗的遗传多样性,用扩增片段长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)技术对44份板栗种质的遗传多样性及遗传距离进行分析,其中36份原产燕山地区的种质中有18份为野生种质和18份为栽培品种,另外8份为原产山东的品种.共检测了384个AFLP位点,有217个是多态性位点,占56.5%,这表明了所检测的板栗材料中存在着明显的遗传多样性.用NT.SYS软件对44份板栗种质进行聚类分析.所有材料聚成4个类群,其中燕山地区原产的板栗材料被聚为3个类群,山东起源的被聚类为1个独立的类群.在所分析的44份材料中,遗传距离在0.0292和0.2214之间.燕山板栗和外来板栗存在着明显的差异,本研究结果与本实验室用RAPD技术分析的结果是一致的.结果对这些板栗材料在育种中的应用具有重要指导意义.     

用RAPD、ISSR和AFLP标记分析系谱关系明确的甘薯品种的亲缘关系

用RAPD、ISSR和AFLP标记对系谱关系明确的7个甘薯品种进行了亲缘关系分析。24个RAPD引物、14个ISSR引物和9对AFLP引物分别扩增出173、174和168条多态性带。3种分子标记在检测甘薯品种间遗传差异上相关程度高，其中RAPD与ISSR之间的相关系数最大为0.9328。用ISSR标记估计的品种间遗传距离为0.1286~1.0932，平均0.4883，大于其余2个标记的估计值。3种分子标记皆可揭示甘薯品种的亲缘关系，其中ISSR标记产生的聚类图与系谱图最吻合，认为ISSR标记更适于分析甘薯品种的亲缘关系。