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1.
There has always been an interest in devising breeding programs for designer foods that would benefit both the producer and consumer. The challenge today is transformation of agriculture from “subsistence farming” to “market and income generation oriented” production system for which sorghum with its diverse end uses can assume significant role. Breeding for end-use identity-specific genotypes is needed for increased profitability to the farmers. In the present study, 60 sorghum genotypes were evaluated over two years to identify genotypes suitable for semolina recovery and popping properties, i.e. popping efficiency and pop volume expansion. Semolina recovery ranged from 20.7% to 48.3%, while popping efficiency ranged from 0 to 77.5%. Semolina recovery had positive and significant association with endosperm texture (r = 0.62), grain density (r = 0.49) and grain hardness (r = 0.55) indicating that genotypes with corneous endosperm yield high semolina. Also, semolina recovery had significant positive correlation with popping efficiency (r = 0.49) indicating that genotypes suitable for semolina can also be used for popping. Genetic divergence studies indicated that out of three clusters formed, cluster II having guinea race germplasm lines are suitable for semolina and popping. The information generated and the genotypes identified will help in enhancing the demand for sorghum as an industrial crop.  相似文献   
2.
修枝处理对杨-麦复合模式内小麦产量和品质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以杨-麦复合模式及小麦单作模式为研究对象,设计了4种修枝处理,比较不同修枝处理内小气候因子、小麦产量及品质的差异,并分析影响小麦产量及品质的主要小气候因子。结果表明:杨-麦复合模式内小麦穗长、单穗重、麦粒长、千粒重及产量均显著低于对照模式,但小麦营养成分含量表现不一;对杨-麦复合模式内欧美杨107进行不同修枝处理后,处理Ⅰ内小麦产量及品质要好于其他3种修枝处理。可见,小麦产量及品质随杨-麦复合模式内小气候因子的改变而发生变化,而小气候因子的变化与杨树修枝强度与方法密切相关。因此,为实现杨树与农作物“双赢”,应采用处理Ⅰ的修枝方法开展杨树修枝,即从造林第5年春季修除第1年生的轮生枝,第6年春季修除第2年生的轮生枝。  相似文献   
3.
The patterns and extent of hard seed breakdown of dormant seeds and pods following burial in the soil in February (summer) varied for up to 19 accessions of 12 species of annual forage legumes. The experiments, at six sites across southern Australia, were designed to identify legumes whose patterns of hard seed breakdown would suit them to agronomic evaluation in a summer sowing research program. For a subset of accessions, sufficient hard seed breakdown was demonstrated between February and April to allow a high proportion of seed to germinate in late autumn—a desirable pattern for summer sowing. Although there was a large G x E interaction, some cultivars of Ornithopus sativus Brot., O. compressus L. and Trifolium spumosum L. had a pattern that was reproducible at all sites. The experiments also identified accessions of Biserrula pelecinus L. and T. glanduliferum Boiss., which had the desirable pattern in regions of south‐eastern Australia, but not Western Australia. A pragmatic approach for selection of forage legume accessions in situ for evaluation within a summer sowing program was demonstrated.  相似文献   
4.
以刺葡萄 2 个同质不同型的愈伤组织细胞系为材料,研究不同处理因子对其花青素和原花青素合成能力的影响。试验结果表明,刺葡萄 DLR 细胞系具有高产花青素和原花青素的能力,在培养至 45 d 时,其花青素与原花青素的含量均达到最高值,分别为 113.85 μg/g(FW)和 3 562.95 μg/g(FW);低温、高温、肉桂酸、壳聚糖、紫外线、黑暗和 KT 等因子,对 DLR 细胞系花青素和原花青素的累积表现出不同的效应;其中,4 ℃低温处理下,DLR 细胞花青素的积累效果最佳,比对照提高了 2.14 倍;壳聚糖处理下,原花青素积累效果最佳,是对照的 2.84 倍。刺葡萄 DLW 细胞系不具有或极低的花青素和原花青素合成能力,处理因子调控对其作用效果不明显。本研究的结论为进一步进行刺葡萄细胞花青素和原花青素合成调控奠定了础。  相似文献   
5.
The timing of seed germination may determine the success of a weed species in an agroecosystem, and its expression is modulated by environmental conditions, but also by seed physiology and anatomy. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of light, pericarp, dry storage and cold stratification on seed dormancy and germination in feral radish, a troublesome agricultural weed in temperate zones of the Americas that reduces crop yields. To this end, we used isolated intact pods and extracted seeds to test germination over time under contrasting temperature, light and storage conditions. Here, we showed that fresh seeds were non‐dormant, but that light and the presence of the pericarp reduced germination, especially under low temperatures. The pericarp reduced the final water content absorbed by seeds inside pods and decreased absorption/dehydration rates. The pericarp showed several small lignified cell layers in the endocarp, and x‐ray images displayed the lack of space between the partially embedded seed and the endocarp. Dry storage and cold stratification were ineffective in breaking the dormancy imposed by the pericarp. The apparent requirement for darkness and the mechanical restriction of the pericarp may have the potential to induce dormancy, spreading the timing of seed germination over a more extended period and hindering the control of feral radish.  相似文献   
6.
滨海沙地尾巨桉人工林凋落物及碳氮养分归还   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对滨海沙地10年生尾巨桉人工林凋落物数量及其碳氮归还量进行为期1年的定位监测.结果表明:尾巨桉人工林年凋落量为6 739.92 kg/(hm2·a),叶是凋落物的主要形式;凋落物量具有明显的季节动态,表现为“双峰”型,即5月和7月出现2次高峰;凋落物各组分碳含量差异不明显,介于45%~50%;凋落叶的氮含量是皮和枝的2倍多,氮含量大小排序为碎屑>叶>果>枝>皮.碳氮元素养分年归还量为3 325.86 kg/(hm2·a),其中:碳归还量为3 267.48 kg/(hm2·a),氮归还量为58.39 kg/(hm2·a);C/N值为55.96,高于同试验区其他树种,大小排序为皮>枝>果>叶>碎屑.  相似文献   
7.
‘Honeycrisp’ is a recently released cultivar of apple (Malus x domestica) developed by the University of Minnesota, now in high demand by growers and consumers. This cultivar is susceptible to bitter pit, especially when the trees are young and the fruit load is low. The effects of calcium (Ca) sprays, fruit thinning, vegetative growth, fruit and leaf nutrient concentration on bitter pit incidence, and two sampling methods for nutrient analysis were studied. Bitter pit incidence was associated with several variables, including Ca and phosphorus (P) concentrations in leaves and fruits, magnesium (Mg) concentration in leaves, and yield parameters. Fruit Ca concentration and content for the growing season were modeled, which allowed the determinations of Ca levels associated with bitter pit incidence. Our data suggest that plug analysis was less sensitive than fruit-segment analysis for finding differences in Ca concentrations.  相似文献   
8.
杂交相思组织培养研究初报   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】筛选杂交相思组织培养不同培养阶段的培养基配方,为实现杂交相思工厂化育苗提供技术参考。【方法】用杂交相思嫩茎为外植体,探究生长调节剂6-BA、NAA、IBA对其诱导出芽、继代增殖和诱导生根的效果。【结果】在不添加6-BA的情况下,添加0.2mg/LNAA时芽诱导率为60.0%,当添加0.2mg/L的6-BA后,诱导率为42.0%。当NAA为0~0.5mg/L时,随着6-BA的增加,增殖系数随之增加,6-BA为0.8mg/L时,增殖系数为4.2;当6-BA为1.0mg/L以上时,继代苗的增殖系数为1.0。以改良MS为基本培养基,在NAA1.0mg/L的条件下添加0.5、1.0mg/L的IBA生根诱导率分别为17.5%、24.0%;以改良1/2MS为基本培养基,在NAA1.0mg/L的条件下,添加0.5mg/L的IBA生根率为91.7%,当添加IBA为1.0mg/L时,生根率降到50.0%;生根苗移栽基质以黄心土与河沙或蛭石混合较好,移栽成活率在85.0%以上。【结论】改良MS+NAA0.2mg/L培养基是较适宜芽诱导的培养基;改良MS+6-BA0.8mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L培养基较利于继代苗的生长;改良1/2MS+NAA1.0mg/L+IBA0.5mg/L培养基较改良MS培养基有利于诱导生根。  相似文献   
9.
以4xMtCMS为母本,6个四倍体不结球白菜自交系为父本配制杂交组合,测定其杂种优势。结果表明:与相应父母本相比,四倍体杂交组合杂种6个F1产量均表现正的中亲和超标优势,以4xMtCMS×07P-10和4xMtCMS×07P-8的产量杂种优势最强,中亲优势、超亲优势及超标优势最大分别达18.90%、15.27%和12.61%,株高、开展度、叶片数、叶面积和单株产量等农艺性状杂种优势普遍存在;品质性状显著高于父母本,平均中亲优势均表现为正向优势,但优势率较小,平均超亲优势、超标优势杂种优势不明显。  相似文献   
10.
将人工合成促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)六聚体基因片段连接至pMAL-c4x载体,获得的pMAL-c4x-GnRH6重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌TB1中进行表达.采用SDS-PAGE,Western blot进行鉴定,并通过动物实验对表达产物的免疫原性进行检测.获得了分子量大小约为50 kD的麦芽糖结合蛋白-GnRH六聚体(MBP-GnRH6),且融合蛋白与GnRH抗体的反应性较好,并能使睾丸萎缩、变性.表明重组MBP-GnRH6融合蛋白具有较好的反应原性和免疫原性,可用于小鼠的免疫去势.  相似文献   
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