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1H‐NMR analysis of the hepatopancreas, muscle and haemolymph of Astacus leptodactylus after feeding with polyphenol‐enriched diet is reported. 1H‐NMR spectra of lipophilic extracts showed the presence of cholesterol, fatty acid residues, phospholipids and triglycerides. 1H‐NMR spectra of aqueous extracts identified 35 metabolites in the hepatopancreas, 31 in the muscle and 22 in the haemolymph. A total of 20 metabolites (amino acids and their derivatives) were present in the hepatopancreas, the muscle and the haemolymph. A total of 10 metabolites were present in both the hepatopancreas and the muscle (five amino acids, 2‐hydroxybutyrate, choline, myo‐inositol, glycogen and uracil). 2‐Hydroxyisobutyrate and creatine were present in both the hepatopancreas and the haemolymph. Phosphorylethanolamine, phosphocholine and fumarate were present only in the hepatopancreas and isoleucine only in the muscle. Statistical analysis showed that the percentage of weight gain was statistically higher in polyphenol‐enriched diet groups compared to the control and that polyphenols had a stimulating effect on the general metabolism. No stress‐related metabolites were higher in crayfish fed with polyphenol‐enriched diet. Conversely, phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and DHA, linked to resistance to environmental stress and diseases, were higher compared to the control diet. This study indicates that 1H‐NMR is a useful tool to study the metabolomics in relation to diet differences.  相似文献   
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对天然产物中发现的木栓烷型三萜化合物的13C-NMR、1H-NMR谱学特征进行综述,以期减少天然产物特别是木栓烷型三萜结构鉴定工作的盲目性和重复性,为进一步研究分析木栓烷型三萜提供经验借鉴。  相似文献   
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采用基于核磁共振波谱技术的代谢组学技术,探索菲律宾蛤仔在受到鳗弧菌和灿烂弧菌感染的代谢物变化特征,构建菲律宾蛤仔对弧菌感染后的代谢网络调控图谱,并比较两种弧菌毒性效应的差异。试验结果表明,3种代谢物葡萄糖、谷氨酸、苏氨酸在两种弧菌感染时均发生了变化,表征鳗弧菌感染的代谢物为牛磺酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸;而表征灿烂弧菌污染的代谢物为甜菜碱、二甲基甘氨酸、胆碱、谷氨酸、亚牛磺酸。  相似文献   
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Current understanding of the effects of long-term application of various organic amendments on soil particulate organic matter (POM) storage and chemical stabilisation remains limited. Therefore, we collected soil samples from the soil profile (0–100?cm) under six treatments in a 31-year long-term fertilisation experiment: no fertiliser (CK), mineral fertilisers (NPK), mineral fertilisers plus 3.8 or 7.5?t?ha?1?year?1 (fresh base) the amount of wheat straw (1/2SNPK and SNPK) and mineral fertilisers plus swine or cattle manure (PMNPK and CMNPK). Long-term incorporation of wheat straw and livestock manure amendments significantly (p?<?0.05) increased crop yield and sustainable yield index, and POM storage compared with CK and NPK treatments. The mole ratios of H/C in the POM under organic amendment treatments significantly (p?<?0.05) decreased by 13.8% and 37.1%, respectively, compared with the NPK treatment. Similarly, solid state NMR spectroscopy showed that the O–alkyl carbon content of POM was greatly decreased, whereas aromatic carbon contents and alkyl to O–alkyl carbon ratios were substantially increased under PMNPK and CMNPK treatments. In conclusion, we recommend long-term livestock manure application as a preferred strategy for enhancing POM quantity and quality (chemical stability), and crop yield of vertisol soil in northern China.  相似文献   
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The study was conducted to investigate the effects of taurine (Tau) alone or in combination with fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) on growth performance, the expression of Tau transporter (TauT) and metabolic profile in juvenile turbot. FM, FPH0, FPH0+T, FPH10 and FPH10+T diets, respectively, contained 300, 150, 150, 80, and 80 g/kg fishmeal. FPH10 and FPH10+T diets contained 62 g/kg FPH. FPH0+T and FPH10+T diets were, respectively, prepared by supplementing the FPH0 and FPH10 diet formulations with 8 g/kg Tau. Specific growth rate was the highest in FM group and the lowest in FPH10 group. TauT mRNA levels in fish fed Tau supplemented diets were significantly lower than that in Tau unsupplemented diets. NMR‐based metabolomics analysis showed that Tau contents in liver of FPH0+T and FPH10+T were significantly higher than that of FM, FPH0 and FPH10. In muscle, Tau contents were significantly decreased in the FPH10+T versus FPH0 and the FPH10+T versus FPH10 comparisons. In conclusion, 62 g/kg FPH to replace fishmeal may not affect Tau synthesis, transport and metabolism. However, Tau supplemented alone or in combination with a certain level of FPH could reduce the requirement for Tau synthesis and transport and increased Tau levels in muscle and liver.  相似文献   
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[目的] 通过复合诱变进一步提高枯草芽胞杆菌BS501a的生防效果。[方法] 以BS501a为出发菌株,采用N+离子注入和60Coγ射线照射进行复合诱变。[结果] 获得了5株拮抗活性提高的突变菌株。传代稳定性试验表明BSC45菌株经5次传代后拮抗稳定性仍保持在88.3%。该突变株各代与稻瘟病菌对峙培养拮抗带宽平均为7.5 mm,比出发菌株BS501a与稻瘟病菌对峙培养拮抗带宽6.05 mm提高了24%。采用对峙培养试验研究BSC45抗菌谱,发现BSC45仍保留了广谱拮抗活性。[结论] 枯草芽胞杆菌突变株BSC45对多种真菌有抗菌作用,是一株很有潜力的生防菌株。  相似文献   
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In this study, extraction of hemicelluloses from the carbohydrate-enriched residues was successfully carried out with organic solvent and the residue was used for bio-based energy production. The chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of six hemicelluloses released were elucidated by a combination of sugar analysis, molecular determination, Fourier transform infrared, and 1H, 13C and 2D-HSQC NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that the successful treatments resulted in a fractionation of the native hemicelluloses. The sugar analysis indicated that xylose (47.14-56.91%) was found to be the major sugar components and small amounts of glucose (14.1-19.06%) and mannose (12.41-18.09%) were also observed in these hemicellulosic fractions. Further studies by NMR spectroscopy exhibited that the acetylated hemicellulosic fraction had a main structure of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl backbone with 4-O-methyl-α-d-glucuronic acid as a side chain and a minor structure of linear β-(1 → 4)-linked glucomannans. Furthermore, these hemicelluloses possessed a low substituted degree which was beneficial for enzymatic saccharification.  相似文献   
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基于低场核磁和差示量热扫描的面条面团水分状态研究   总被引:11,自引:8,他引:3  
为了解低水分面条面团中水分的存在状态,明确真空度及和面时间对水分状态的影响,该研究以3个小麦品种(济麦20、宁春4号、济麦22)磨制的面粉为材料,采用真空和面制作低水分面条面团(含水率35%),采用低场核磁共振技术(LF-NMR,low-field nuclear magnetic resonance)和差示量热扫描(DSC,differential scanning calorimetry)2种技术,测定不同真空度(0、0.06、0.09 MPa)和搅拌时间(4、8、12 min)下面团中水分的形态和分布,并进一步分析2种技术测定水分形态结果的相关性。结果表明,在低水分面条面团中,水分主要以弱结合水形态存在。不同品种的小麦粉面团的水分形态及分布存在差异,强筋小麦粉(济麦20)制作面团的水分自由度较低。真空和面(0.06 MPa)可以促进水分与面筋蛋白的相互作用,降低面团中水分子流动性,促进水分结构化;而非真空或过高真空度均会导致面团中水分自由度增加。济麦20、济麦22小麦粉和面时间为8 min时,面团水分流动性较低;而宁春4号小麦粉面团在4 min时,水分自由度较低;继续搅拌,深层结合水减少、弱结合水增多。LF-NMR和DSC测得面团水分状态的结果具有一致性。LF-NMR测得的弱结合水峰面积百分比与DSC测得的可冻结水百分比具有相同的变化趋势(r=0.695),且深层结合水峰面积百分比与非冻结水百分比具有相同的变化趋势(r=0.564)。研究结果为认识制面过程中水分的作用,优化和面工艺和调整产品特性提供参考。  相似文献   
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