中国古代木槿栽培应用发展史初探

木槿是中国传统的乡土花木,是栽培历史最悠久的花木之一。本文根据历史文献和诗歌等梳理分析了历史各个时期的木槿主要栽培应用史实和重要成果,分析了不同历史时期木槿的栽培应用、食用、药用与品种等发展演化情况,发现了诸多的习俗和应用被保留和传承,以期为木槿资源、文化及其产业的传承与发展提供思路。     

Banishing barberry: The history of Berberis vulgaris prevalence and wheat stem rust incidence across Britain

Wheat stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a notoriously damaging disease of wheat and barley. Pgt requires two hosts to complete its lifecycle; undergoing asexual reproduction on cereal crops and completing sexual reproduction on Berberis spp. The latter stage of its lifecycle is of particular importance in temperate regions such as western Europe, where asexual urediniospores are unable to survive cold winter weather. In the past, the crucial role of Berberis in the lifecycle of stem rust led to intensive eradication campaigns, initially carried out by farmers in the face of hostile scientific opinion. In the United Kingdom, common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) is today a relatively rare plant. Stem rust is, however, currently experiencing a resurgence; at the same time, there has been a general increase in the prevalence of barberry and an upsurge in its planting which, in the United Kingdom, is associated with attempts to encourage the endangered barberry carpet moth (Pareulype berberata). This article situates current developments within a broader chronological framework, examining changing attitudes towards barberry and rust in England in the past and the history of the plant's use and cultivation. It assesses how widespread B. vulgaris really was in the environment historically, and thus the scale of its eradication. We suggest that Berberis was never widely established as an archaeophyte in the United Kingdom. Current attempts to re-establish it are based on a misunderstanding of the plant's historical status and could potentially pose a serious threat to food security.     

Over 40% of 450 registered wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) worldwide are composed of multiple biotypes

Many of 450 common wheat cultivars bred and registered during the twentieth century in 12 countries were proved, due to seed-by-seed analysis, to be composed of two or more biotypes differing in their alleles at the gliadin (Gli) loci. These multiple biotypes may be regarded as authentic progeny of the respective parent lines, as evidenced by the gliadin composition of the respective parents. Therefore, the official claim for each cultivar to be uniform is commonly not maintained in practice. The most frequent was a non-uniform cultivar composed of two biotypes differing at one Gli locus, but there were cultivars represented by a large set of related genotypes differing at several Gli loci. The proportion of the multi-biotype cultivars was never less than 15% for a country collection, exceeding 50% in other countries. This proportion differed significantly between neighbouring countries. In Australia, all multi-biotype cultivars were found in eastern states; in the state of Victoria, their frequency was statistically higher than in the rest of the country. The proportion of multi-biotype cultivars among newly-released cultivars decreased with time in Australia and the UK. Thus, the non-uniformity of registered cultivars represents a general and important phenomenon of common wheat as a crop.     

南方红壤低山丘陵区水土流失综合治理

"南方红壤低山丘陵区水土流失综合治理"项目(2017YFC0505400)获得国家重点研发计划"典型脆弱生态修复与保护研究"专项支持。项目重点阐明区域水土流失演变规律及关键驱动因子,以生态功能提升与生产功能优化为核心,研发集成地表径流调控、土壤肥力提升、植被可持续恢复和景观结构优化为一体的水土流失治理技术体系,形成生态服务功能提升与民生改善的区域水土流失综合治理模式,为红壤低山丘陵区水土流失治理提供科技支撑。     

基于“3S”技术的辽宁省某尾矿库扩容工程生态影响预测与评价

以辽宁省某尾矿库为例,基于GIS技术,利用2010年的TM遥感影像及地形图,预测该尾矿库扩容后的生态影响。分析结果显示:尾矿库扩容工程对生态的影响主要体现在土地利用、植被、生态景观和地形地貌的变化4个方面。     

中部产业集聚区转型中的政府职能研究——以内黄县陶瓷园区为例

中部地区要大力加快产业集聚区提质转型,政府职能的充分发挥显得尤其重要。通过对河南省内黄县陶瓷产业园区的实地调查走访发现,地方政府在履职中存在信息沟通障碍、融资难、创新能力弱、治理环境污染不力等多方面的问题。因此,政府必须根据社会经济和政策的环境变化转变职能,提升创新能力,成功促进地方产业集聚区的转型升级。     

“一带一路”背景下云南民族竹文化的传承与传播

云南民族竹文化在维系民族的生存和发展、保护生态环境、引领精神价值方面具有重要作用。在“一带一路”倡议下，民族竹文化的传播不但能加强文明间的对话、谋求更多共识，更能维护文化多样性、提升中国话语权。文章分析了云南民族竹文化的内容体系、新时代下传播与传承中存在的问题，从加大政策支持、加快人才培养、培育文化产业等方面提出了云南民族竹文化的建设路径。     

油莎豆主要营养成分及生理功能研究进展

油莎豆（Cyperus esculentus L.），又称虎坚果，沙草科莎草属多年生草本植物。油莎豆具有适应性广、生长期短、生物量大、含油量高等优势特性。油莎豆茎叶可做青贮饲料，块茎可生吃或熟吃，此外，油莎豆还可用来榨油，榨油后的油饼可用来做饲料。因此油莎豆作为一种集粮、油、牧、饲于一体的新兴农作物，具有较高的经济价值和开发潜力。为了深入了解油莎豆，促进油莎豆资源的高值化利用和研究，本文综述了油莎豆中油脂、蛋白和多糖等主要营养成分的研究进展，详细阐述了油莎豆降血脂、降血糖、抗氧化和保肝等生理功能，并就其市场规模和科学研究前景进行了展望。     

Assessing the Success of “Cocoa na Chocolate” Musical Intervention in Mobilizing the Youth for Agriculture in Oyo State,Southwestern Nigeria

The study assessed the success of “Cocoa na Chocolate” musical intervention for agricultural mobilization in Oyo State, Nigeria. Responses from 160 randomly selected students on awareness, exposure, retention, perception, and constraints to utilizing its message using structured questionnaires were analyzed. Most respondents (88.8%) had contact with the album, many (55.6%) were aware of its agricultural content, heard it six times, and most (76.1%) retained the contents. More (54.9%) had an unfavorable perception of its mobilization potential, and were constrained to utilize its message by credit facilities (M = 1.0938). Workable agricultural credit schemes are needed to complement future mobilization efforts.