环境与腹泻解析环境调控与腹泻病的关系

猪只本身是一个开放系统.所谓开放系统是指系统要与外界环境进行物质、能量、信息的交换,以维持系统的稳态并得以进化.一切有生命的系统都是开放系统.猪只离开了外界环境就不复生存,可见猪只与外界环境的关系之密切.在猪只机体的许多系统中又以消化系统与呼吸系统与外界环境的关系最密切,因为它们与环境进行物质、能量、信息的交换最直接,也最频繁,所以环境对消化系统的影响很显著.符合猪只生物学特性的良好环境可以充分发挥其生产性能、减少疾病乃至免受疾病：反之,有悖猪只生物学特性的恶劣环境会阻碍其生产性能发挥,甚至直接致病或诱发疾病.环境分为生物环境与非生物环境.生物环境包括一切与猪只有关的有生命的因子（动物、植物、微生物等）,其中以病原微生物对猪只消化道影响最大.非生物环境是指与猪只有关的所有的物理的、化学的因子（温度、湿度、营养、空气质量等）,其中以温度、营养对猪只消化道影响最大.     

PEG模拟干旱胁迫下3种鄂尔多斯常见植物萌发期抗旱性评价

以聚乙二醇溶液(PEG-6000)为渗透介质模拟干旱条件,在12个水势梯度下,研究了干旱胁迫对木地肤、狭叶锦鸡儿和白沙蒿3种植物种子萌发的影响。结果表明,随着PEG-6000浓度的增大,3种植物的发芽率均呈现出明显的下降趋势;而较低浓度的PEG溶液可以对种子萌发产生促进和刺激的效果,加快种子萌发的速度,刺激初生根的生长,从而对发芽指数和萌发抗旱指数产生一定的影响。利用隶属函数综合评价3种植物在种子萌发期间的抗旱性,结果为木地肤>白沙蒿>狭叶锦鸡儿。     

干旱胁迫对杂交鹅掌楸无性系叶片内源激素含量的影响(摘要)(英文)

[目的]研究干旱胁迫对杂交鹅掌楸无性系叶片内源激素含量的影响。[方法]挑选抗旱性强的杂交鹅掌楸无性系NE25、NE78与抗旱性差的无性系NE04、NE23的1年生扦插苗为试验材料,对干旱胁迫下各无性系叶片中脱落酸(ABA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)和茉莉酸(JA)4种内源激素的含量变化进行研究。[结果]干旱胁迫下,杂交鹅掌楸各无性系叶片ABA大量积累,抗旱性强的无性系含量变化不明显;IAA含量总体呈下降趋势,且抗旱性强的无性系含量变化较大;ZR含量变化各异,胁迫末期抗旱性强的无性系叶片ZR含量减少;抗性差的无性系叶片JA含量上升,说明抗性差的无性系需要维持较高的JA来抵御干旱胁迫。[结论]该研究结果为杂交鹅掌楸耐旱无性系的筛选、园林栽培及应用提供了科学依据。     

Effects of Gradual Water Deficit Stress on Phenological and Morphological Traits in Chickpea （Cicer arietinum L.）

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of gradual water deficit stress on some phonological and morphological traits and grain yield of desi and kabuli chickpea cultivars. This study was carried out in 2007 and 2008, to evaluate responses of three chickpea cultivars （Hashem and Arman from kabuli and Pirooz from desi type） under well watering （I1： 70mm evaporation from class A pan）, gradual water deficit （12 and 13： 70→90→ 110→130 and 70→100→130mm evaporation from class A pan, respectively） and severe water stress （14： 130mm evaporation from class A pan）. Result showed that days to flowering and plant height were decreased, as water limitation increased. This reduction was significant under gradual water stress （I2 and I3） and Severe water deficit （I4）, compared with control （I1）. There were no significant differences in grain filling period and grain yield among I~, I2 and I3 irrigation treatments. No significant differences in days to physiologic maturity and number of sub branches were recorded among irrigation treatments. Interactions of year×cultivar for days to physiologic maturity, grain filling period and grain yield （P≤0.01） and for days to flowering and plant height （P≤0.05） were significant. The superiority of Arman in producing comparatively greater grain yield could be attributed to higher grain filling period of this cultivar in both years.     

Water deficit and cold stress on the evening primrose seed quality

Evening primrose is a valuable oilseed crop with pharmaceutical and nutritional supplementation. Due to presence of valuable and rare gamma linolenic fatty acid, research on this plant has been started since 1970s by German and Britain scientists. Information about evening primrose cultivation is going to rise. Following to pervious studies the goal of this experiment was to clarify the effect of water and temperature stresses on seed yield and seed quality. Results showed that seed yield was significantly influenced by low temperature and water deficit. Plants grown under cold stress during rosette stage produced a lower seed yield than controls. The lowest seed yield was observed in the plants grown under permanent stress. Although the oil content of seeds was not influenced by low temperature stress, water stress strongly influenced the oil content and water stress stimulates oil accumulation. Like oil content, the GLA production seems to be increased under water stress conditions.     

不同冷胁迫方式对缢蛏无水保活期抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化的影响

为探究无水保活前不同冷胁迫方式对缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta在低温无水保活期氧化应激的影响,筛选出较适宜的冷胁迫处理方式,降低缢蛏在保活期间的氧化应激伤害,试验分别采用直接降温、 梯度降温(5℃/h,保持90 min)及线性降温(5℃/h)3种冷胁迫方式,从(20.0±0.5)℃ 开始降温,最终降...     

渗透胁迫下外源试剂对玉米幼苗微粒体膜Ca^2＋-ATPase活性的影响

以钙离子鳌合剂EGTA、钙通道阻断剂vp、钙调素拮抗剂TFP和ABA分别处理玉米幼苗,对渗透胁迫下根系和叶片质膜、液泡膜、线粒体膜以及总微膜Ca2 -A11)ase活性进行了测定.结果表明,正常条件下,叶片和根系微膜系统总Ca2 -ATPase活性随光照时间延长出现一个峰值.总体比较,渗透胁迫下三种膜上Ca2 -ATPase活性相当,而且均随渗透胁迫发生不同程度的变化.就微膜系统总酶活变化而言,叶片高于根系,渗透胁迫降低叶片酶活;而渗透胁迫对根系酶活性影响不大.分解列三种膜上,渗透胁迫对叶片酶活的提高均表现为正效应,根系上.对线粒体膜和液泡膜酶活提高表现为正效应,而对质膜酶活表现为显著抑制.外源试剂处理发现,ABA和EGTA在叶片上均可逆转PEG降低总酶活的效应,且在处理6 h时使得酶活性显著超过正常水平;而根系上表现不一:其中,vp对质膜上PEG提高酶活效应抑制作用较大.且显著提高线粒体膜酶活;ABA显著提高液泡膜上酶活性;TFP处理在胁迫前期基本表现为促进作用,而6 h之后大都表现为抑制效应.说明:渗透胁迫下,玉米叶片质膜、液泡膜以及线粒体膜均参与了胞质钙离子稳态的调控过程,外源试剂处理对Ca2 -ATPase具不同程度的调节作用,叶片和根系Ca2 -ATPase对外源试剂响应存在差异性.     

缓解蔬菜高温胁迫伤害技术的研究进展

该文从物理途径、化学途径和生物学途径等3个方面系统总结了国内外缓解蔬菜高温胁迫伤害技术的研究进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,以期为进一步揭示外源物质缓解蔬菜作物高温胁迫的机理提供参考。     

四种唇形科鼠尾草属园林地被植物抗旱性研究

以一年生的彩苞鼠尾草(Salvia viridis)、蓝花鼠尾草(Salvia farinacea)、红花鼠尾草(Salvia coccinea)、林下鼠尾草(Salvia nemorosa L.)实生苗为试材,采用缓慢干旱的方法,研究了其在特定条件下的叶片相对含水量、叶绿素(a+b)总含量、叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量和叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等指标的变化规律,以期为鼠尾草在兰州的引种、栽培和生态适应性提供参考依据。结果表明：4种鼠尾草的抗旱生理指标的变化并非完全一致,叶片相对含水量和叶绿素总含量整体上呈现下降的趋势;CAT活性呈上升的趋势;而MDA含量和SOD、POD活性呈现先升后降的趋势。利用模糊数学隶属函数法对4种鼠尾草抗旱能力进行综合评价,抗旱性能力强弱顺序为彩苞鼠尾草>红花鼠尾草>蓝花鼠尾草>林下鼠尾草。