饲料脂肪源和碘酸钾对中华鳖稚鳖生长、存活率、肝肠组织形态和脂类代谢的影响

为了比较饲料中添加鱼油、茶籽油、亚麻籽油以及碘酸钾对中华鳖（）稚鳖生长和脂类代谢的影响，本研究配制了4种油脂含量为10%的饲料，分别为鱼油料（FO，对照组）、鱼油+碘酸钾料（FO+PI，碘酸钾添加量为75 mg/kg）、茶籽油料（TO）和亚麻籽油料（LO），饲喂初重为（5.06±0.05）g的中华鳖66 d。FO+PI组和LO组中华鳖稚鳖的存活率显著低于FO组（<0.05）。各组中华鳖稚鳖血浆中葡萄糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平无显著差异（ACACA）的表达水平，上调了中华鳖-499的表达水平（-23b的表达水平（<0.05）。FO+PI组和TO组的稚鳖肝脏细胞内脂滴空泡较少，同时TO显著影响了肠道组织的黏膜褶。结论认为，相比于鱼油组，在饲料中添加10%茶籽油、亚麻籽油和添加75 mg/kg碘酸钾不会引起稚鳖生长差异，但是亚麻籽油和碘酸钾降低了稚鳖的存活率，茶籽油和碘酸钾影响肝脏的脂类代谢。     

鱼类生殖细胞移植的研究进展及应用前景

生殖细胞移植是指将供体的生殖细胞移植到同种或异种受体体内,供体生殖细胞嵌合到受体性腺,经过增殖、分化并最终发育为功能性配子的过程。作为辅助生殖技术,它不仅为珍稀濒危动物的繁育和保护提供了新途径,同时也为生殖干细胞的功能研究提供了有效手段。鱼类生殖细胞移植研究首先在模式鱼类斑马鱼中开展,经过十多年的发展,取得了一系列突破性的进展:主要包括先后建立了以胚胎、仔鱼和成鱼为受体的生殖细胞移植体系,精原和卵原干细胞的发现拓宽了供体生殖细胞的选择,受体的选择与制备方法的完善。该技术在缩短鱼类性成熟周期、性控育种、珍稀濒危鱼类保护等方面具有巨大的应用前景,已成功在多种淡水和海水鱼类中开展了研究和应用。本文结合作者的研究实践和经验,系统地梳理和总结了鱼类生殖细胞移植的研究进展,指出了该技术实践应用的关键问题,并探讨了其应用前景。     

四氢异喹啉衍生物的合成及体外 抗多子小瓜虫活性的研究

合成四氢异喹啉衍生物并进行杀多子小瓜虫(Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)药效评价。以1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉为起始原料，在2位的胺基上引入与环己甲酰氯、苯甲酰氯、噻吩甲酰氯、乙酰氯以及氯乙酰氯等不同的酰基进而合成5种四氢异喹啉衍生物(化合物1~化合物5)，研究其对小瓜虫掠食体和包囊的杀虫活性，并对杀虫活性物质进行安全性评价。结果显示，5种化合物均具有一定的杀虫活性，其中，化合物1 [(1-甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-苯基-甲酮]的杀虫活性最强，其对多子小瓜虫掠食体4 h的100%杀灭浓度为24.0 mg/L，对包囊6 h的100%杀灭浓度为60.0 mg/L，对掠食体的半数致死浓度(LD50)为16.4 mg/L。急性毒性实验结果显示，化合物1对翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformi)的48 h LD50为234.3 mg/L，其安全浓度为64.1 mg/L。研究表明，化合物1 [(1-甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-苯基-甲酮]是一种具有较好开发前景的杀小瓜虫药物。     

Simulation of future dissolved oxygen distribution in pond culture based on sliding window-temporal convolutional network and trend surface analysis

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key ecological factor to measure the quality of water in the aquaculture. As the pond water body is affected by the breeding environment, the spatial distribution of DO shows a certain law in the entire pond. Therefore, to simulate the distribution of DO in aquaculture waters and grasp the temporal and spatial variation of DO is the key to achieving precise regulation of DO. For this purpose, this paper proposed a method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution of DO in pond culture based on a sliding window-temporal convolutional network together with trend surface analysis (SW-TCN-TSA). This paper first utilized SW to construct DO data sets with different prediction durations, and then used the improved TCN model to realize one-dimensional time series prediction for DO at single monitoring point. Based on the prediction results of DO, a TSA method was performed on the predicted values of DO at the extreme moments of all discrete monitoring points, so as to realize the simulation of the temporal and spatial distribution of DO in the pond. Experimental results show that the SW-TCN model has better prediction performance for one-dimensional time series prediction of DO. Compared with traditional deep networks, such as CNN, GRU, LSTM, CNN-GRU and CNN-LSTM, the values of evaluation indicators (MSE, MAE and RMSE) have been greatly improved. In the process of trend surface fitting, all fitting R² of DO at different water depths are higher than 0.9, indicating that the TSA can accurately reflect the temporal and spatial distribution of DO. This method can provide a basis for the prediction and early warning of DO in the three-dimensional space of the pond and has high practicability in aquaculture.     

不同密度铜锈环棱螺对不同水体指标影响效果的研究

研究了铜锈环棱螺对2种不同水体中CODMn、叶绿素a、NH3-N、NO3-N和TP的去除效果。结果表明：铜锈环棱螺对于水体中的CODMn、叶绿素a、氮、磷等有一定的去除效果,放养密度、水质肥瘦度、培养时间等3个因素对其去除率存在显著性差异。具体表现为：放养铜锈环棱螺密度与其耗氧速率呈正相关;水体中叶绿素a含量呈现同步降低的规律,但在培养后期（7 d后）,2组不同肥瘦度水样中叶绿素含量均下降不明显,即消除率降低;随着培养时间的延长,水样中的COD含量普遍有所增加;NH3-N和NO3-N的去除率在一定条件下与放养密度、水质肥瘦度以及培养时间存在差异性。因此,针对不同肥瘦度的水体,不同的水质指标,应该选择不同的投放密度以达到比较满意的净化效果。     

奥利亚罗非鱼β-actin基因的克隆与结构分析

β-actin在真核细胞的生理过程中起着重要作用,其序列具有高度保守性,是一种管家基因。通过RT-PCR方法克隆出奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)β-actin的部分cDNA序列,其长度为424 bp,翻译成138个氨基酸,计算的蛋白质分子量为15.5 ku。氨基酸同源性分析显示,奥利亚罗非鱼β-actin与真鲷(Pagrus major)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、青鳉(Oryzias latipes)、龙溪鳉(Rivulus marmoratus)的相似性最高,为99.3%;与鲫(Carassius auratus)、红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)等其它鱼的相似性也较高,为97.8%～98.6%。此外,还克隆出了奥利亚罗非鱼β-actin相应的DNA序列,共619 bp。cDNA和DNA的序列比对显示克隆出的奥利亚罗非鱼β-actin含有2个内含子,这为将来设计β-actin荧光定量PCR引物以及测定其在不同组织中的表达量变化打下基础。     

草食性鱼种抑制凤眼莲生长的试验

通过严密的设计，在相同规格的16只网箱中，采用草鱼、杂交鱼[草鱼（6）和赤眼鳟（早）杂交繁育的F1]、三角鲂、赤眼鳟、异育银鲫和翘嘴红鲐等为试验对象，对凤眼莲生长的影响进行研究。结果表明：不同品种的鱼苗具有不同的控制凤眼莲的能力；在2．5～9．0cm范围内各鱼苗食用凤眼莲能力依次为：草鱼〉杂交鱼〉三角鲂〉赤眼鳟〉异育银鲫〉翘嘴红舶。     

饲料中添加植酸酶对草鱼生长、体组成及各组织磷含量的影响

选用初重为(39.68±3.05)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼作为试验对象,在全植物蛋白基础饲料中添加植酸酶,设5种不同的植酸酶添加水平(500 U/kg、750 U/kg、1 000 U/kg、1 250 U/kg、2 500 U/kg),另设2个对照组,对照组1:全植物蛋白基础饲料中只添加1.5%的无机磷;对照组2:全植物蛋白基础饲料不添加植酸酶和无机磷,通过60 d的试验,探讨和研究植酸酶对草鱼生长、体组成及各组织磷含量的影响。结果表明,对照组1鱼体的特定生长率最大,饲料系数显著低于其它各组(P<0.05);与对照组2相比较,全植物蛋白饲料中添加植酸酶后,当植酸酶添加水平大于1 000 U/kg时,草鱼的饲料系数显著降低、蛋白质效率得到显著提高;植酸酶对草鱼的形体指标没有显著影响;当植酸酶添加水平大于1 000 U/kg时鱼体粗脂肪含量有所降低;当植酸酶添加水平为1 000 U/kg时,其肌肉粗脂肪含量显著提高;添加植酸酶后鱼体、肌肉和脊椎骨中的磷含量有一定提高,且当植酸酶添加水平为1 250 U/kg时,肌肉和脊椎骨中的磷含量显著提高。结果表明,当植酸酶添加水平在1...     

Practical use of response surface methodology for optimization of veterinary antibiotic removal using UV/H2O2 process

Three of the most commonly used veterinary antibiotics—enrofloxacin (ENR), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and oxytetracycline (OTC)—were chosen as representative antibiotics for UV/H₂O₂ treatments. The objective was to determine the optimization of UV/H₂O₂ to remove antibiotics from aquaculture discharge water using response surface methodology. The degradation of the antibiotics was investigated under varying UV/H₂O₂ conditions in environments with different levels of pH, water matrices, humic acid, and constituent ions. The degradation results demonstrated that increasing the H₂O₂ dosage facilitated ENR degradation at a neutral pH while facilitating degradation of SMX and OTC at a slightly acidic pH. The optimum removal conditions for ENR, which was used in all influential effect experiments and the contact tank experiments, was obtained at 10 mM H₂O₂, a pretreated COD of 87.51 mg L⁻¹, and an initial pH of 6.15. Among the tested anions, only the presence of Cl^- showed slight positive effects on ENR degradation, due to the generation of secondary active radicals. During the reaction, the hydroxyl radical (OH) was present at a higher pH while singlet oxygen (¹O₂) was slightly present at a lower pH. The experimental results from H₂O₂ sequential addition indicated that freshly added H₂O₂ could quench the recently generated OH and therefore a high H₂O₂ concentration with frequent adding was not necessary. Our contact system reduced the ENR concentration in both the effluent reservoir and in the UV irradiation zone. The overall results supported the use of the UV/H₂O₂ system to treat remnant antibiotics in the discharge water.