遵义市辣椒产业发展的现状、问题与对策

本文概述了遵义市辣椒产业发展的基本情况及存在的问题,进一步提出了当前遵义辣椒产业发展的思路与措施。     

黔东南小香鸡的品种遗传资源特点及开发利用

目的探究日粮添加谷氨酰胺(glutamine,Gln)对黔东南小香鸡免疫器官指数及肠道免疫的影响。方法选取90羽体质量相近、健康状况良好的1日龄黔东南小香鸡,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复6羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂基础日粮中分别添加0.5% 和1.0%的Gln。饲养至42 d,每组随机选取10羽屠宰,采集血清,分离免疫器官,刮取空肠肠黏膜,用于后续测定。结果与对照组相比,0.5% Gln组黔东南小香鸡脾脏指数显著升高(P<0.05),1.0% Gln组的法氏囊指数、脾脏指数、胸腺指数、血清IgA、IgG和IgM含量及空肠黏膜sIgA分泌均显著升高(P<0.05),并且空肠黏膜的MUC1和MUC2 mRNA的相对表达量也显著增加(P<0.05)。结论黔东南小香鸡日粮添加1.0% Gln可促进免疫器官发育,增强肠道黏膜免疫功能。     

桑树资源概况及其多元化利用

桑树是具有广泛用途的木本植物。就我国桑树种质资源分类以及不同生态类型的分布情况,从养蚕业、生态建设、畜牧饲料、果业开发、庭园观赏、医药保健、食品生产、化工应用等方面对桑树植物资源的多元化利用价值进行了概述,并对桑树植物多元化利用研究作了展望。     

Composition of clay minerals and their pedogenetic and taxonomic implications for Stagnic Anthrosols derived from different parent materials in Hunan Province,China

Purpose

The aims of this study were to investigate the composition of clay minerals in soils derived from different parent materials and to elucidate how parent materials and pedogenic environment affect the distribution of clay minerals and reveal the implications for pedogenetics and taxonomy in Stagnic Anthrosols.

Materials and methods

Clay mineralogy and physicochemical properties of the Hydragric horizon of Stagnic Anthrosols derived from granite (GR), plate shale (PS), quaternary red clays (QRC), limestone (LS), purple sandy shale (PSS) and fluvial-lacustrine deposit (FLD) located in Hunan Province of China were analysed to explore the relationships between the conditions influencing the formation of the soil and the composition of clay minerals.

Results and discussion

Results indicated that the composition of clay minerals is closely related to both parent material and type of Stagnic Anthrosols: the soils derived from GR, PS and QRC, which are mostly classified as Fe-accumulic-Stagnic Anthrosols, are dominantly 1:1 type kaolinite and vermiculite and illite/vermiculite mixed layer minerals of widespread distribution. However, soils derived from LS, PSS and FLD were mainly classified as Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols and are mainly composed of 2:1 type illite/smectite mixed layer minerals, where chlorite is commonly found. Illite is widely distributed and its content varies the least among different parent materials. An extremely significant relationship between pH and kaolinite, chlorite and mixed layer minerals was noted, and the two kinds of mixed layer minerals showed highly significant negative correlation.

Conclusions

This study revealed that the types and quantities of clay minerals in the soil are closely related to the types of parent material. This reflected better direction and degree of development in Stagnic Anthrosols, which is related to the physicochemical properties of parent material and can be used as one of the bases for the classification of soil groups and subgroups within the soil family for Stagnic Anthrosols in Chinese Soil Taxonomy.

     

A Comparative Study of Biological Traits between Two Peach Cultivars

[目的]比较新川中岛和艳红桃2个桃品种的生物学性状,以期为筛选出适应贵州省气候特点的优良桃树品种提高依据。[方法]连续3年（2011～2013）调查新川中岛、艳红桃2个在当地表现较好的引进桃树品种的物候期、植物学特性、经济性状和抗逆性等内容,并进行比较筛选。[结果]2个桃品种在当地科学管理条件下,从综合比较结果看,新川中岛和艳红桃的树势分别表现为较强和强,枝条萌芽率分别为55.82%和55.81%,成枝率分别为28.39%和23.26%,叶片大小分别为17.1 cm＆#215;4.2 cm和19.5 cm ＆#215;5.0 cm,花的大小为4.8 cm ＆#215;4.7 cm和4.8 cm ＆#215;4.9 cm,座果率分别为43.19%和26.66%,成熟期分别为7月中下旬、7月下旬～8月上旬,平均单果重分别为195.5和216.9 g,含糖量分别为13.5%和15.8%,单株产量分别为41.3和43.1 kg,果实可食率分别为94.35%和93.81%,都表现为适应性强。[结论]从综合比较结果看,新川中岛品种表现很好,艳红桃品种表现较好,适合在该地区适量发展。     

辣椒常见异常种子发芽率试验研究

进行辣椒常见异常种子发芽试验研究,结果表明:常见异常辣椒种子的发芽率、始发芽时间、发芽集中整齐度和幼苗生长量均低于正常种子。在24℃的恒温催芽条件下,发芽率依次为正常种子(98.00%)、种皮霉变种子(91.00%)、黑斑种子(5.67%)、不饱满种子(0.33%);正常种子和种皮霉变种子在催芽后第3天开始发芽,第4天处于发芽高峰,高峰日发芽率分别为66.67%和61.00%。黑斑种子和不饱满种子在催芽后第6～8天开始发芽,第7～8天为发芽高峰期,高锋日发芽率分别为3.67%和0.33%;发芽第10天芽长依次为正常种子(35.00 cm)、种皮霉变种子(28.00 cm)、黑斑种子(11.33 cm)、不饱满种子(3.67 cm)。根长依次为种皮霉变种子(66.00 cm)、正常种子(59.33cm)、黑斑种子(10.00 cm)、不饱满种子(6.33 cm)。     

贵州地方辣椒品种品质分析及利用评价

对贵州省主要地方品种、部分选育品种和引进品种的干物质、粗纤维、维生素C、脂肪、辣椒素、辣椒红色素、灰分、盐酸不溶性灰分等进行分析,8个指标范围分别是:干物质18.18%~25.12%,粗纤维15.3%~24.3%,维生素C 0.774~2.248 mg·g-1,脂肪11.45%~16.71%,辣椒素0.097%~0.812%,辣椒红色素0.137%~0.516%,灰分4.03%~5.4%,盐酸不溶性灰分0.173%~0.526%。鉴定筛选出了多个高维生素C、高脂肪、高辣椒素含量的优质品种,一部分可在生产上直接利用,一部分可作品质育种材料。     

贵州桑树资源及利用概况

对贵州桑树种质资源的类型、分布、主要特性及利用情况进行了概述。表明,贵州省目前有野生桑种6个、栽培种5个,并具有丰富的生态类型和种质资源(400多个),分布广,类型多样,是我国重要的野生桑种质资源库,具有非常重要的利用价值。从育种角度对选育和利用不同目的桑树品种的基本目标作了简要展望。     

交配时间长短对家蚕卵质卵量的影响

通过不同蚕品种不同交配时间产卵成绩比较,交配3 h拆对,多数品种显示对增加产卵量及减少不受精卵为好,缩短或延长时间均不利于提高产卵成绩。     

椒果不同成熟度采收对产量和商品性的影响

以“遵椒1号”和“黄杨小米椒”的绛红果、橘红果、红熟果和过熟果为试材,调查不同成熟度椒果采摘处理及不同天气和采摘时间对辣椒产量构成因子、干椒产量及干椒内外品质的影响.结果表明:椒果采摘成熟度以红熟果为最佳,辣椒果采收天气以晴天上午和下午及阴天全天为最佳时间.