Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptotic pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with SAHA at different concentrations for 48 h. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was detected by real-time cellular analysis. The protein levels of acetylated histones H3K9 and H3K27, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and p-PERK were determined by Western blot. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with control group, treatment with SAHA at 0.1 μmol/L and 1 μmol/L for 48 h showed no significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells, while SAHA at 6 μmol/L and 12 μmol/L significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells (P<0.05). The results of Western blot showed that the protein levels of acH3K9, acH3K27, GRP78 and p-PERK increased significantly after treated with SAHA at diffe-rent concentrations for 48 h, while the protein level of PERK was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic rates of the HepG2 cells increased with the increase in SAHA concentration. CONCLUSION: SAHA up-regulates the acetylation of H3K9 and H3K27 in the HepG2 cells and induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis pathway.     

Effects of drip irrigation frequency on soil wetting pattern and potato growth in North China Plain

The effect of irrigation frequency on soil water distribution, potato root distribution, potato tuber yield and water use efficiency was studied in 2001 and 2002 field experiments. Treatments consisted of six different drip irrigation frequencies: N1 (once every day), N2 (once every 2 days), N3 (once every 3 days), N4 (once every 4 days), N6 (once every 6 days) and N8 (once every 8 days), with total drip irrigation water equal for the different frequencies. The results indicated that drip irrigation frequency did affect soil water distribution, depending on potato growing stage, soil depth and distance from the emitter. Under treatment N1, soil matric potential (ψ_m) Variations at depths of 70 and 90 cm showed a larger wetted soil range than was initially expected. Potato root growth was also affected by drip irrigation frequency to some extent: the higher the frequency, the higher was the root length density (RLD) in 0–60 cm soil layer and the lower was the root length density (RWD) in 0–10 cm soil layer. On the other hand, potato roots were not limited in wetted soil volume even when the crop was irrigated at the highest frequency. High frequency irrigation enhanced potato tuber growth and water use efficiency (WUE). Reducing irrigation frequency from N1 to N8 resulted in significant yield reductions by 33.4 and 29.1% in 2001 and 2002, respectively. For total ET, little difference was found among the different irrigation frequency treatments.     

Dynamic relationship between macrophage and extra cellular matrix in the kidney of rats with experimental nephritis

AIM: To observe the changes in infiltrating macrophages (Mф)and extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney in the progressive course of nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN). METHODS: NTN model was established with rabbit-anti-rat nephrotoxic serum. On day 3, 7, 15, 30 and 90, renal biopsies were performed. Renal histology was checked under light microscopy with HE and Masson's trichrome staining sections. Mф, fibronectin (FN), type Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagen were examined with immunohistochemistry ABC method. RESULTS: Infiltration of Mф appeared on day 3 of NTN and preceded changes of FN and collagen. On day 15 of NTN, all nephritic animals had significant proteinuria, increased serum creatinine, infiltration of Mф and deposit of entracellular matrix. On day 90 of NTN, seven nephritic animals improved significantly, while other five developed renal scarring with diffuse infiltration of Mф which positively paralleled to renal function and deposit of FN, type Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagen. CONCLUSION: Mф infiltrating into renal tissue enhances deposit of ECM and therefore plays important roles in progression or improvement of NTN.     

Inversely estimating temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition by assimilating a turnover model and long-term field data

Change in temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition with change in soil qualities (i.e. decomposability or lability) is one of the most important issues to be evaluated for projection of future CO₂ emissions from soils. We inversely estimated the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition rate by applying a hybrid of the Metropolis-Hasting algorithm and the particle filter method to the extended Rothamsted carbon model (RothC), together with long-term (9 years) experimental data on SOC obtained at five sites in Japanese upland soils. Contrary to the prediction of the Arrhenius kinetics theory, we found no significant differences in temperature sensitivity among soils with different qualities (represented as soil compartments in the RothC model). We also confirmed that there was a positive correlation between the relative temperature sensitivity of the humus compartment and future total CO₂ emissions. The RothC model with default parameterization tended to overestimate future total CO₂ emissions relative to the calibrated model, and the degree of overestimation was larger than that of underestimation.     

甘蔗新品种黔糖4号腋芽离体快繁技术研究

用黔糖4号作供试材料,选择蔗茎嫩梢部茎腋芽作接种外植体进行离体培养;外值体消毒采用75%酒精浸泡8～10s后用0.1%HgCl2消毒15min复合消毒,多次清洗再接种;腋芽诱导培养基采用(液态)1/2MS 0.25mg/L(6-BA);丛芽诱导增殖培养基采用(固态)MS 2.5mg/L(L-BA) 0.2mg/L(KT),每隔15～20d转基继代一次,繁殖倍数可达30倍以上;生根培养基采用(固态)1/2MS 3.0mg/L(NAA) 0.1mg/L(IBA),添加2.5mg/L的MET,使丛苗根粗苗壮;炼苗后移至“沙土沙”的苗床假植,再单株假植至20cm左右高的苗时进行大田定植;摸索总结了一套黔糖4号腋芽离体快繁种苗技术,并详细介绍了操作要领,提出了有关环节中应注意的五个问题和相应的解决方法。     

Determination of rill erodibility and critical shear stress of saturated purple soil slopes

The hydrological conditions near the soil surface influence the soil erosion process, as determined by the soil erodibility and critical shear stress. The soil erodibility and critical shear stress of saturated purple soil slopes were computed and compared with those of unsaturated purple soil slopes. The detachment capacities computed through the numerical method (NM), modified numerical method (MNM) and analytical method (AM), from rill erosion experiments on saturated purple soil slopes at different flow rates (2, 4, and 8 L min^?1) and slope gradients (5, 10, 15, and 20°), were used to comparatively compute the soil erodibility and critical shear stress. The computed soil erodibilities and critical shear stresses were also compared with those of unsaturated purple soil slopes. At the different slope gradients ranging from 5° to 20°, there were no significant differences in the soil erodibilities of the saturated purple soil and also in those of the unsaturated purple soil. The critical shear stresses slightly varied with the slope gradients. The saturated purple soil was relatively significantly more susceptible to erosion. The NM overestimated the soil erodibility of both saturated and unsaturated soils by 31% and underestimated the critical shear stress. The MNM yielded the same soil erodibility and critical shear stress values as the AM. The results of this study supply parameters for modeling rill erosion of saturated purple soil slope.     

大排距冲天炉性能分析

为了适应大规模、高效率的生产要求，对普遍冲天炉进行改进，设计出双排、大间距冲天炉。以前延用的是单排、独风口化铁炉，其存在熔化率低、铁水温度低、铁水成分不稳定、工人劳动强度大等缺陷，已不适合现代生产的要求。经改进设计后的冲天炉为双排、多风口，即每排４个风口，一菜８个风口。目的是人为地增加一层氧化一还原带，在炉内形成两个相互分开的燃烧带，使第一还原带的ＣＯ充分燃烧，并与得到充分预热的焦炭迅速发生反应，     

压枝对二年生切花月季产量和质量的影响

以"艳粉"、"雪山"、"戴安娜"切花月秀品种为试材,通过对3种2 a生切花月季进行压枝处理,研究压枝对不同品种切花月季产量和质量的影响。结果表明:"艳粉"和"雪山"压枝后能提前发枝时间,促进花枝伸长增粗,使花蕾饱满,但发枝数减少。但对"戴安娜"压枝后没有明显的促进花枝的数量和质量。     

不同碳源对紫铜色松乳菇菌丝生长的影响研究

在PDA培养基中分别采用葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖和淀粉为碳源,研究其对紫铜色松乳菇菌丝的生长速度和干重的影响,结果表明,紫铜色松乳菇在麦芽糖培养基上长势最好;而在淀粉培养基上生长速度得最快,在蔗糖、麦芽糖和葡萄糖培养基上生长速度差别很小;在麦芽糖培养基上生长,菌丝干重最重,依次为葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉;综合分析麦芽糖培养基不仅使菌丝生长快,而且菌丝生长浓密,干重最重,所以最适宜紫铜色松乳菇的生长,浓度在1%～2%的麦芽糖较为适宜。     

贵阳市主要土壤重金属状况研究

通过对2000～2003年贵阳市的白云区、修文县、开阳县、清镇市、息烽县、乌当区、小河区以及花溪区的多个旱地的表土和底土（53个样品）中重金属元素（汞、砷、铅、镉、铬）含量进行检测，以GB／T18407．1—2001《农产品安全质量无公害蔬菜产地环境要求》为标准，采用单因子指数法及N．L．Nemerow综合指数法进行评价，分析结果表明：贵阳市无公害蔬菜生产基地的大部分土壤中的5种重金属元素的含量基本在GB／T18407．1—2001规定的范围内，但也有个别区域内土样中砷、镉含量达到了警戒线的含量范围，如白云区底土中砷的单因子综合污染指数达到0．7968、乌当区表土中镉的单因子综合污染指数达到0．7542，两者都属于0．7～1．0污染警戒线范围内。总体土壤的表土、底土重金属综合污染指数分别为0．3785、0．4204，小于0．7，污染等级属于安全，污染水平为清洁，土壤环境质量为1级。