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应用地统计学结合地理信息系统研究了广东省东莞市森林表层土壤(0~25 cm)有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷和pH值等5种土壤肥力指标的空间变异规律。研究表明:全磷、全钾、有机质、全氮为中等变异;pH值属于弱变异;全钾、pH值的变异函数曲线的理论模型符合球状模型,有机质、全氮、全磷适用模型为指数模型;全磷、全钾、有机质、pH值具有中等空间相关性,全氮的空间相关性较弱;5种肥力指标的空间自相关范围存在明显差异,变化范围为2218~19297 m。用普通克立格法进行最优内插,得各肥力指标含量分布图,并分析了各土壤肥力指标的分布状态。 相似文献
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以东莞尾叶桉林、马尾松林、马占相思林和针阔混交人工林为对象,分析林地0~25cm表层土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、cd4种重金属含量,并以广东省土壤背景值为标准,采用单因子污染指数和综合污染指数评价林地土壤重金属的污染状况。结果表明,尾叶桉林和马尾松林以土壤Ph含量最高,其他两种林型以zn含量最高;4种重金属含量高低为Zn〉Pb〉Cu〉Cd,它们的单因子污染指数大小顺序为Pb〉Cu〉Zn〉Cd。4种林型土壤综合污染指数依次为马占相思林〉尾叶桉林〉马尾松林〉针阔混交林。土壤pH值与Zn、cd之间相关性显著,土壤全钾与Zn、Cd间呈极显著正相关。结合主成分分析结果可知,东莞市4种人工林土壤Cd与自然因素有关,土壤Cu主要受人为输入影响;Zn含量高于背景值,受自然与人为因素的共同影响。 相似文献
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Salinization of soil is recognised as one of the most pressing environmental challenges to resolve for the next century. We here conduct a synoptic review of the available research on how salt affects decomposer microbial communities and carbon (C) cycling in soil. After summarizing known physiological responses of microorganisms to salinity, we provide a brief overview and qualification of a selection of widely applied methods to assess microorganisms in soil to date. The dominant approaches to characterise microbial responses to salt exposure have so far been microbial biomass and respiration measurements. We compile datasets from a selection of studies and find that (1) microbial biomass-carbon (C) per C held in soil organic matter shows no consistent pattern with long-term (field gradients) or short-term (laboratory additions) soil salinity level, and (2) respiration per soil organic C is substantially inhibited by higher salt concentrations in soil, and consistently so for both short-term and long-term salinity levels. Patterns that emerge from extra-cellular enzyme assessments are more difficult to generalize, and appear to vary with the enzyme studied, and its context. Growth based assessments of microbial responses to salinization are largely lacking. Relating the established responses of microbial respiration to that of growth could provide an estimate for how the microbial C-use efficiency would be affected by salt exposure. This would be a valuable predictor for changes in soil C sequestration. A few studies have investigated the connection between microbial tolerance to salt and the soil salinity levels, but so far results have not been conclusive. We predict that more systematic inquiries including comprehensive ranges of soil salinities will substantiate a connection between soil salinity and microbial tolerance to salt. This would confirm that salinity has a direct effect on the composition of microbial communities. While salt has been identified as one of the most powerful environmental factors to structure microbial communities in aquatic environments, no up-to-date sequence based assessments currently exist from soil. Filling this gap should be a research priority. Moreover, linking sequencing based assessments of microbial communities to their tolerance to salt would have the potential to yield biomarker sets of microbial sequences. This could provide predictive power for, e.g., the sensitivity of agricultural soils to salt exposure, and, as such, a useful tool for soil resource management. We conclude that salt exposure has a powerful influence on soil microbial communities and processes. In addition to being one of the most pressing agricultural problems to solve, this influence could also be used as an experimental probe to better understand how microorganisms control the biogeochemistry in soil. 相似文献
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