月桂酸单甘油酯对花鲈脂质代谢的影响

为评价月桂酸单甘油酯(Glycerol monolaurate,GML)对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)脂质代谢的影响,文章通过基础饲料拌喂0 mg·kg^-1(对照组)、1000 mg·kg^-1(低剂量组)、2000 mg·kg^-1(中剂量组)和4000 mg·kg^-1(高剂量组)的GML,养殖均质量为(230±20)g的花鲈8周。结果显示:1)添加GML组的腹脂率均显著降低,肝体比第4周明显降低(P<0.05);2)低剂量和中剂量组的血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度和天冬氨酸转氨酶活性均低于高剂量组(P<0.05);3)中剂量组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度均高于其他组(P<0.05);4)添加GML组肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和还原型谷胱甘肽浓度均有升高,而丙二醛浓度显著降低(P<0.05);5)添加GML组的肝脏中脂肪酸合成酶和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶活性降低,且脂质沉积明显减少(P<0.05);脂蛋白脂酶活性均显著下降,中剂量组显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。综上,饲料中添加GML能够显著改善花鲈脂质代谢,该实验条件下,GML最适拌料量为2000 mg·kg^-1。     

Drag coefficient and turbulence intensity in conifer canopies

The relationship between wind speed and drag coefficient was experimentally investigated in two mixed conifer forests of the Italian Alps. Drag coefficient was calculated from the mean momentum equation while canopy architecture was described using optical measurements of gap fraction. Two different formulations of the momentum equation were tested: the common one, where drag forces are expressed in terms of the squared mean velocity ($\text{u}\text{̄}{}^2$), and an alternative one in which drag forces depend on the averaged product of instantaneous wind intensity and instantaneous longitudinal wind component $\text{|U|u}$. Values of drag coefficients computed according to the first approach, decrease with increasing wind speed in both sites and show different average values between sites (0.15±0.14 and 0.34±0.45). Drag coefficients obtained with the second approach do not show a clear dependence on wind intensity, and the mean drag coefficients of the two sites become more similar (0.09±0.06 and 0.12±0.12). According to these results the scaling based on $\text{|U|u}$ seems more appropriate to characterise the physics of the phenomenon.     

大米提取复合糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态与功能的影响

本试验旨在研究大米提取复合糖在无诱食剂条件下对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态与功能的影响。试验选取(26±2)日龄健康、体重相近的三元杂断奶仔猪160头,随机分为5个组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪,A组饲喂标准饲粮,B组饲喂基础饲粮(标准饲粮中去除甜味剂、香味剂、葡萄糖、蔗糖),C组饲喂标准饲粮+3%大米提取复合糖,D组饲喂基础饲粮+3%大米提取复合糖,E组饲喂基础饲粮+5%大米提取复合糖。结果表明:1)与A组相比,B组的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)差异不显著(P>0.05),C组的ADG、ADFI显著提高(P<0.05);与B组相比,D组的ADG、ADFI和料重比(F/G)差异不显著(P>0.05),E组的ADG、ADFI显著提高(P<0.05),F/G显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与A组相比,B组的粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著降低(P<0.05),C组的CP表观消化率有提高的趋势(P=0.069);与B组相比,D组的养分表观消化率无显著差异(P>0.05),E组干物质(DM)、CP和粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率均显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与A组相比,B组的隐窝深度(CD)显著提高(P<0.05),绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)有降低的趋势(P=0.073),C组的绒毛高度(VH)和V/C显著提高(P<0.05);与B组相比,D组的VH和CD均无显著差异(P>0.05),V/C有提高的趋势(P=0.053),E组的V/C显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与A组相比,B组闭合蛋白(occludin)的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05),C组闭合小环蛋白-1(ZO 1)的mRNA表达量显著下降(P<0.05),occludin的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05);与B组相比,D组ZO 1和occludin的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05),E组ZO 1的mRNA表达量有提高的趋势(P=0.075),occludin的mRNA表达量显著下降(P<0.05)。5)与A组相比,B组的血清总抗氧化能力(T AOC)显著降低(P<0.05),C组的血清T AOC无显著差异(P>0.05);与B组相比,D组和E组的血清T AOC显著提高(P<0.05)。6)5个组之间的回肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)和血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,在无诱食剂条件下,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加大米提取复合糖可以通过提高养分消化吸收、抗氧化能力和肠道屏障等途径实现对仔猪生长性能的改善。     

Effects of magnesium on apoptosis and expression of Foxp3 in peripheral CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells from asthma patients

AIM:To observe the apoptosis and the expression of forkhead box protein 3(Foxp3) induced by magnesium in CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells isolated from healthy and asthmatic human peripheral blood. METHODS:Peripheral blood from healthy volunteers and asthma patients was collected. CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells were separated by Percoll centrifugation and magnetic separation. The cells were cultured for 72 h and treated with magnesium(10 mmol/L) or control solution. The apoptotic rate and the expression of Foxp3 in the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS:The purity of CD4⁺CD25⁺T cells was 77.4%~92.3% in health group, and was 75.2％~93.8％in asthma group. The proportion of CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells in CD4⁺T cells was 4.12%~7.98% in healthy adults, and 4.51%~8.68% in asthma patients. No significant difference between the 2 groups was observed. Magnesium at concentration of 10 mmol/L up-regulated the apoptotic rate of CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells(P<0.05) and did not affect the Foxp3 expression in the cells in both health and asthma groups. CONCLUSION:Magnesium plays therapeutic effects on asthma by inducing the apoptosis of peripheral CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells.     

珠海市城区集体林地管理与改革

从珠海市城区集体林地的所有权、使用权出发,分析城区林地管理现状,阐明城区林地存在的问题,确定城区集体林地转变为国有林地的方法和途径。     

胚胎干细胞分离培养研究进展

胚胎干细胞(ESCs)是一种高度未分化,能自我复制、自我更新,在体外连续传代并保持未分化状态和具有发育全能性的细胞.文章从研究概况、体外分离培养、生物学特性、鉴定方法、影响ESCs分离培养的因素、存在问题以及应用前景等方面对胚胎干细胞进行了概述.     

Effect of Yigu capsule drug-containing serum on apoptosis and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase secretion in rat osteoclasts

AIM:The effects of Yigu capsule on tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) secretion and apoptosis in rat osteoclasts were investigated in order to further explore its mechanism of preventing and treating osteoporosis.METHODS:(1) Twenty-month-old Sprague-daweley rats were randomly divided into two groups(Yigu capsule group and saline group), and the drug-containing serum and control serum were prepared. (2) The newborn Sprague-daweley rat osteoclasts were cultured with different concentrations of Yigu capsule drug-containing serum. At different time point, TRAP activity was measured and the survival osteoclast was counted under reverse microscope.The percentage of osteoclast apoptosis was observed under fluorescence microscope after acridine orange staining.RESULTS:TRAP activity was lower and the percentage of osteoclast apoptosis was higher in drug-containing serum group than in control group at 24, 48 and 72 h(P<0.01), respectively, and the survival osteoclasts were less in drug-containing serum group than in control groups at 24, 48 and 72 h(P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest that Yigu capsule drug-containing serum induces apoptosis and inhibits TRAP activity in osteoclasts, which may be one of the mechanisms of Yigu capsule preventing and treating osteoporosis.