Pyroptosis mediates high glucose-induced inflammation and injury in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts

AIM To investigate whether pyroptosis contributes to the inflammation and injury in mouse embryonic osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 induced by high glucose (HG; 45 mmol/L glucose). METHODS The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The protein expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1 (CASP1) were determined by Western blot. The secretion levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1β were measured by ELISA. The intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining followed by photofluorography. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was examined by rhodamine 123 staining followed by photofluorography. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined using the ALP kit, and the number of mineralized nodules was detected by alizarin red S staining. RESULTS After the MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with HG for 24 h, the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and CASP1, and the secretion levels of IL-18 and IL-1β were significantly increased. The decrease in cell viability, and the increases in ROS generation and MMP loss were also observed. Moreover, the differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were inhibited, evidenced by decreases in both ALP activity and mineralized nodule number. Knockdown of CASP1 by siRNA attenuated the HG-induced osteoblast inflammation and injury mentioned above. CONCLUSION Pyroptosis mediates HG-induced inflammation and injury in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.     

Effects of dietary proline on growth,physiology, biochemistry and TOR pathway-related gene expression in juvenile spotted drum Nibea diacanthus

Fisheries Science - Amino acids can act as signaling molecules in protein synthesis and animal growth by regulating several genes in the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. An 8-week feeding trial...     

生态因子对芋根江蓠的生长及生化组分的影响

芋根江蓠（Gracilaria blodgettii）是江蓠属一种经济海藻，可作为琼胶工业原料和鲍鱼饲料，目前已经在中国南方池塘进行试验栽培。为了探讨适合其栽培的生态条件，文章分别测定了在不同温度（18 ℃、23 ℃、28 ℃、33 ℃和38 ℃）、不同盐度（13、18、23、28、33和38）和不同光照强度（3 000 lx、6 000 lx、9 000 lx和12 000 lx）的培养条件下，芋根江蓠藻体的相对生长速率（RGR）和生化组分的变化。结果表明，芋根江蓠适宜生长温度为23~38 ℃，最适温度为28~33 ℃；适宜盐度为18~38，最适盐度为23~33；适宜光照强度为6 000~9 000 lx，最适宜生长光照强度为9 000 lx。在最适的环境条件下，藻体具有较高的日相对生长速率（RGR），藻胆蛋白和可溶性蛋白（SP）的质量分数最高，过氧化物酶（POD）的活性及丙二醛（MDA）的质量摩尔浓度最低，受环境的胁迫最小。在生长状态、光合色素和抗氧化等方面，芋根江蓠具有适应高温和中、高盐度环境条件的特性。     

基于尺度噪声水平估计的双树复数小波变换图像去噪方法

利用噪声与图像双树复数小波变换各层系数的关系,提出基于尺度噪声水平估计的双树复数小波变换图像去噪方法并进行了试验.结果表明,该估计方法与图像噪声水平近似线性相关,能很好地反映各层系数的噪声水平.双变量收缩函数阈值去噪法采用该估计比采用全局噪声水平估计去噪效果更好,平均结构相似度明显提高.     

粤东地区橄榄种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

该研究在于分析粤东地区橄榄种质资源的遗传多样性，从而为橄榄的保护和研究提供依据。利用ISSR分子标记对64份橄榄种质进行遗传多样性分析。共扩增得到128条谱带，其中多态性条带99条，多态性比率为77.34%。平均观察等位基因数为1.7734±0.4203、有效等位基因数1.4823±0.3888、Nei’s基因多样性0.2746±0.1975、Shannon’s信息指数0.4072±0.2721。64份种质的遗传相似性系数范围是0.5714~0.9379，平均遗传相似性系数为0.7793。聚类分析将64份种质分为5个类群，主坐标分析也将其分为5个类群。由结果可知，该地区橄榄种质总体遗传多样性水平较低，同时分子聚类分析结果与供试材料来源地无关。     

不同温度和盐度条件对脆江蓠生长及其生化组分的影响

在不同温度（14℃、17℃、20℃、23℃和26℃）和不同盐度（5、10、15、20、25、30和35）条件下培养脆江蓠（Gracilaria chouae）,观察测定其生长及藻体生化组分的变化。试验结果显示,脆江蓠生长的适宜温度为14～26℃,最适温度为17～20℃,在此温度条件下藻体可以保持最快相对生长速率（relative growth rate,RGR）;温度高于20℃时脆江蓠的生长受到抑制。在生长状态、光合色素和抗氧化等方面,脆江蓠对低温的耐受能力要比高温强。脆江蓠生长的适宜盐度为20～35,最适盐度为30,在此盐度条件下藻体可以保持最快RGR,盐度低于20时脆江蓠的生长受到抑制。高盐度培养条件下脆江蓠在生长状态、光合色素和抗氧化等方面强于低盐度培养条件。     

The lack of genetic differentiation of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) populations in the Upper-Paraguay Basin revealed by the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region: Implications for fishery management

Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is an important fish species for professional and sport fisheries in the Alto-Paraguay Basin, located in the central western Brazil. In this study the D-loop control region of mtDNA sequence data was used to investigate genetic variability within and among populations of pacu. A total of 99 individuals were collected in the Paraguay River and in four other main tributaries. From these, 27 different haplotypes were observed. The overall nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity were high in all sampling sites with 0.013 ± 0.001 and 0.840 ± 0.035, respectively. Hierarchical AMOVA analysis showed that pacu populations form a single panmictic population with low Φ_ST = ?0.0012 (p = 0.486) and high gene flow among rivers. Despite high genetic variability, the total capture officially landed in the Upper-Paraguay River Basin has been decreasing steadily during the last years with indications of overexploitation. Taking into account the heterogeneity of habitats, continuous anthropogenic disturbances and lack of genetic structure, it appears that fish from these sampling sites function as a metapopulation, a framework that may be applied to long term fishery management of pacu in the Panatanal.     

南澳贝藻混养互利机制的初步研究

以牡蛎和龙须菜为试验材料,进行了两个阶段不同投放比例的室内模拟混养试验,试验周期均为4周,各试验组分别为:对照组、龙须菜单养组、牡蛎单养组、牡蛎龙须菜低密度混养组、牡蛎龙须菜中密度混养组和牡蛎龙须菜高密度混养组,其中除对照组和龙须菜单养组外,各试验组牡蛎密度均为27只/m3,第一阶段龙须菜密度分别为:0,47,0,47,94,188g/m3,第二阶段龙须菜密度为:0,158,0,158,316,854g/m3。定期采样测定水体中营养盐(NO2-N,NO3-N,NH4-N,PO4-P)的含量及养殖生物的生长情况。试验结果表明,第一阶段试验结束时,投放牡蛎的试验组与未投放牡蛎的试验组水体氮、磷含量差异显著(P0.05)。第二阶段试验结束时,投放牡蛎的各试验组磷酸盐和硝酸盐含量差异显著(P0.05),高密度混养组的磷酸盐含量和硝酸盐含量与牡蛎单养组相比分别降低了43%、30%,说明龙须菜明显吸收了水体中的氮、磷,混养系统氮、磷利用更为合理,其中龙须菜854g/m3,牡蛎27只/m3的高密度混养组投放密度最为合理。     

论知识产权滥用规制——基于微软黑屏事件的思考

强调在加强对知识产权保护的同时特别需要警惕知识产权滥用，必须通过完善法律以对知识产权滥用进行规制。通过微软黑屏事件对我国当前的知识产权保护进行思考。