全民阅读背景下图书馆阅读氛围危机的防范与化解对策研究

介绍了全民阅读背景下图书馆服务的现实窘境,分析了图书馆阅读氛围危机产生的原因,研究了图书馆化解阅读氛围危机的现实需求,提出图书馆阅读氛围危机的防范与化解对策。     

Predicting the potential geographic distribution of Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Diptera: Tephritidae) in China using MaxEnt ecological niche modeling

Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis are highly destructive and major biosecurity/quarantine pests of fruit and vegetable in the tropical and subtropical regions in the South Pacific and Australia. Although these pests have not established in China, precautions must be taken due to their highly destructive nature. Thus, we predicted the potential geographic distribution of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis across the world and in particular China by ecological niche modeling of the Maximum Entropy(Max Ent) model with the occurrence records of these two species. Bactrocera bryoniae and B. neohumeralis exhibit similar potential geographic distribution ranges across the world and in China, and each species was predicted to be able to distribute to over 20% of the globe. Globally, the potential geographic distribution ranges for these two fruit fly species included southern Asia, the central and the southeast coast of Africa, southern North America, northern and central South America, and Australia. While within China, most of the southern Yangtze River area was found suitable for these species. Notably, southern China was considered to have the highest risk of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis invasions. Our study identifies the regions at high risk for potential establishment of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis in the world and in particular China, and informs the development of inspection and biosecurity/quarantine measures to prevent and control their invasions.     

狂犬病病毒HEP-Flury M基因重排后在小鼠神经母细胞瘤细胞中的表型分析

【目的】探究狂犬病病毒HEP-Flury M基因重排对基因转录和蛋白表达的影响,揭示病毒在小鼠神经母细胞瘤(NA)细胞中的表型变化与M基因重排的相关性。【方法】通过荧光定量PCR、Western blot以及病毒在NA细胞中的生长和扩散试验,对亲本毒株rHEP-Flury和M基因重排毒株M2、M4在NA细胞中的基因转录、表达、生长和扩散进行比较。【结果】狂犬病病毒结构基因的转录和表达主要受病毒基因组RNA合成的影响,但是在一个完整转录过程中单个结构基因的转录比例与其所在位置相关,M基因重排病毒的Leader RNA (LeRNA)和L mRNA的转录比例显著高于亲本毒株rHEP-Flury。M基因重排病毒在NA细胞中的生长和扩散都劣于亲本毒株rHEPFlury。【结论】狂犬病病毒亲本毒株rHEP-Flury具有狂犬病病毒原始的基因组顺序,在NA细胞中的生长和扩散都明显优于M基因重排病毒。结构基因在基因组中的位置主要决定其在一次转录过程中的转录比例,进而影响病毒在NA细胞中的生长和扩散。     

基于最大熵模型预测小火蚁在我国的适生区

小火蚁是中国大陆新发现的重要外来入侵害虫, 目前对该虫的传入来源和在我国的适生区范围尚不明确?为明确我国小火蚁适生区范围, 有效防控该虫在我国的扩散和蔓延, 本研究通过该虫全球已有的分布数据, 采用最大熵模型对其适生区进行了预测?研究表明, 最大熵模型预测小火蚁适生区精度较高?预测结果显示, 我国小火蚁的潜在适生区主要分布于南方, 其中, 高适生区分布在台湾?海南?云南南部边境?广西西南局部?福建西南部?广东南部及其沿海地区?预测结果与该物种现有地理范围的生态条件一致?年降水量对小火蚁的适生性影响最大, 理论年降水量为2 040 mm时小火蚁分布的概率最高?随着全球气候变暖, 未来我国小火蚁的适生区有向北扩大的趋势, 但主要适生区还是以南方为主?     

不同防治措施对花椰菜地节肢动物群落结构的影响

【目的】明确不同防治措施对花椰菜地节肢动物群落特征的影响,为花椰菜地害虫防治和天敌保护利用提供理论依据。【方法】设置不施药对照区、生物农药防治区和化学农药防治区,按5点随机取样,记录植株和地面所有节肢动物的数量。在田间定点埋放盛有洗衣粉水溶液的玻璃瓶调查在地表活动的节肢动物种类及数量,根据调查结果分析不同防治措施下花椰菜地节肢动物群落特征的差异。【结果】在广州花椰菜地共调查到节肢动物87种,其中植食性害虫29种,捕食性天敌54种,中性昆虫4种。防治措施明显影响节肢动物群落的物种数及其数量。不施药对照区的捕食性天敌、植食性害虫和中性昆虫的数量均高于其他两种施药防治处理区,不同处理区节肢动物群落物种数及其个体数为不施药对照区生物农药防治区化学农药防治区。花椰菜地植食性昆虫功能类群的优势集中性以花椰菜苗期为最小,成熟期最大;捕食性天敌的优势集中性在不同防治区同样以苗期相对较小,而在不施药防治对照区花椰菜各生育期,其大小接近一致;在施药防治区,捕食性天敌的优势集中性表现出波动现象。在花椰菜不同生育期以及不同防治措施区节肢动物群落的优势种不同。整个生育期优势度指数0.1的有烟粉虱、桃蚜、小菜蛾、菜青虫、前凹狼蛛、拟环纹豹蛛和八斑鞘腹蛛。花椰菜地节肢动物群落多样性指数(H′)在不同防治区和花椰菜各生育期之间均呈现不同程度的差异,各指数之间的变化趋势相似。群落整体多样性指数随花椰菜生长而增大,至中后期达到最大,此结果与田间群落的发展动态相吻合,在不同防治区之间的多样性指数为不施药对照区生物农药防治区化学农药防治区。均匀度指数在不同生育期和防治处理区的变化程度相似。害虫亚群落多样性与群落整体多样性变化趋势相似,其多样性指数在花椰菜生长中后期达到最大。不同防治措施区之间的多样性指数为不施药对照区生物农药防治区化学农药防治区,其中以化学农药防治区花椰菜苗期为最小。均匀度在花椰菜苗期为最大,而后随花椰菜生长而减小。捕食性天敌亚群落多样性在花椰菜各个生育期和防治处理之间变化相对平稳。地表节肢动物的调查表明,两种药剂处理区所施药剂对地表节肢动物的杀伤较大。同时,从地表节肢动物数量和捕食性天敌的数量动态来看,地表中性昆虫对捕食性天敌前期的定殖有一定的作用。蜘蛛与植食性昆虫、中性昆虫以及捕食性昆虫具有极显著的相关性,捕食性昆虫与中性昆虫之间也具极显著的相关性,表明这些功能团之间在数量上具有较好的跟随效应。捕食性昆虫与植食性昆虫之间相关未能达到显著水平。【结论】药剂防治措施虽然能有效降低害虫的种群数量,但也使天敌数量相应减少。地表中性昆虫对捕食性天敌前期的定殖有一定的作用,药剂防治能影响花椰菜地节肢动物群落特征,生物农药对花椰菜地节肢动物群落影响小于化学农药。     

Bioinformatics Analysis of gB Gene of Porcine Lymphotropic Herpesviruses Strain GD27

The glycoproteins B (gB) gene of porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses 2 (PLHV-2)was amplified by PCR and sequenced, then bioinformatics analysis were conducted. The gB protein was composed of 876 amino acids, the molecular formula was C₄₅₀₀H₆₉₇₅N₁₁₉₉O₁₃₅₁S₄₀, the molecular mass was 100.77 ku, the value of theoretical isoelectric point was 6.45, and the instability index was 38.58. The prediction of secondary structure revealed that some alpha helixes and beta sheets exist in protein while random coil was major pattern. It had a signal peptide in the position 1-39 amino acids and a transmembrane helice in the position 761-780 amino acids. It contained several prosites and several intrinsically disordered proteins. Tertiary structure model of gB protein showed a fusion loop. Multiple antigenic epitope located in gB through comprehensive analysis prediction method. It was suggested that gB gene could be as a candidate antigen for vaccination of PLHV-2.     

不同塑膜袋的防虫效果及对番石榴果实品质的影响

以不同材质和厚度的塑料薄膜为材料,研究果实套袋对橘小实蝇、番石榴实蝇的防虫效果,以及对番石榴品质的影响。室内套袋试验结果表明,当PO、PE厚度≥20μm、PP厚度≥15μm时,橘小实蝇、番石榴实蝇雌虫产卵管不能穿透塑料薄膜而产卵在果实上;田间套袋试验结果表明,PO(20μm)和PE(20μm)套袋的果实均未检测到实蝇。套袋果实外观较未套袋果实好,30μm PP套袋的番石榴果实品质与未套袋果实无显著差异,PO(20μm)、PO(25μm)、PE(20μm)和PE(30μm)套袋的番石榴果实中可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、糖含量等较对照低。     

藜草花叶病毒的研究概述

藜草花叶病毒(Sowbane mosaic virus,So MV)是菠菜上的重要有害生物,可通过种子、花粉、昆虫介体和机械等方式传播。随着我国种子、种苗进口量的进一步扩大和产业化种植,藜草花叶病毒传入我国的风险非常大。本文综述了藜草花叶病毒的生物学特性、分布、寄主范围、为害症状、传播途径、检测技术等,论述了藜草花叶病毒传入我国的潜在危害性和风险。     

浅谈细部处理在景观建筑中的重要性——以广州二沙岛新世界棕榈园小区花园为例

细部处理往往可以决定一个景观项目的成败,可见其重要性不可忽视。本文通过对广州二沙岛新世界棕榈园小区花园的景观细部分析,具体阐述细部处理在景观建筑中的重要性。     

An unusual and novel heterozygous TCIRG1 mutation causes infantile malignant osteopetrosis

AIM: To investigate the underlying genetic changes of a Chinese patient with infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO). IMO is a monogenic disease, mostly caused by mutations of TCIRG1 and CLCN7 genes. The former is believed a homozygous gene and only cause the disease in homozygous or compound heterozygous status. However, it has been reported that heterozygous mutations also cause the disease in 6 non-Chinese cases. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of the patient and his parents. All exons and splice sites of TCIRG1 and CLCN7 genes were amplified by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. Mutation detection in the 2 genes was also investigated in the parents. Haplotypes were constructed by variations obtained in mutation detection and microsatillites flanking TCIRG1 gene in the family by Cyrillic. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) was performed to detect copy number variations (CNV) of the patient and his mother. RESULTS: A novel mutation c.449_452delAGAG (p.Gln149Glnfs16) was detected in the patient. This mutation truncated 666 amino acids at the C terminal of the V-ATPase 116 kD isoform a3 protein. It wiped out the entire ATPase V0 complex and was predicted to result in total loss of protein function. This mutation was also detected in the patient's father. No pathogenic mutation was detected in CLCN7 gene. CMA did not reveal any CNV involving TCIRG1 or CLCN7 gene. CONCLUSION: We reported a novel heterozygous mutation of TCIRG1 gene causing IMO. This represents the first IMO case in China caused by heterozygous TCIRG1 gene mutation.