青冈栎林分空间结构对林下更新的影响

林分空间结构会显著影响其林下幼树更新。为明确其影响林下幼树更新的关键因子,以湖南省青羊湖国有林场青冈栎林天然次生林为研究对象,测量幼树株数密度、树高、地径和冠幅,计算混交度、大小比数、开敞度指数以及聚集指数代表林分空间结构,评价林下幼树更新情况,并用灰色关联度分析方法探究两者间的相关关系。结果表明,青羊湖国有林场13块青冈栎林样地林下更新幼树有6种,分属于4科5属,分别是青冈栎、苦槠、多脉青冈、南酸枣、黄檀、马尾松,青冈栎在更新幼树中占明显优势,是优势树种,幼树重要值为63.09%。青冈栎林各林分空间结构指数与林下更新指数均大于0.5,关联度较高,综合所有林分空间结构指数对林下更新指数关联度的均值来看,对林下更新的影响由大到小为大小比数>开敞度>聚集指数>混交度,大小比数对青冈栎林下更新影响最为显著。在促进青冈栎天然次生林林下更新时,应以调整林木大小分化程度为主,综合考虑林木空间分布格局的调整方案。     

洞庭湖烂泥湖水系洪涝灾害风险评估与应对措施

近年来,洪涝灾害是全球发生频繁、危害最严重的气象灾害之一,国内不少学者开始对洪涝灾害进行研究,目前对于洞庭湖区洪涝灾害风险的研究较少。采用综合评价法建立模型对洞庭湖区烂泥湖水系洪涝灾害风险进行评估并提出应对策略,结果表明:新泉寺闸内水位和滞涝水面率的不同导致暴雨对烂泥湖水系的影响程度也不同。同时采取提高滞涝水面率和降低内湖水位,基本可以消除一般年份处于高风险的范围,对于减少低风险范围、增加无风险范围效果更为显著;对于平均风险度为高风险的年份,能够消除大部分高风险区域。     

NRF2 attenuates oxidative stress and lysosomal dysfunction in doxorubicin-induced H9C2 cells

AIM:To study the effect of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) on oxidative stress injury and lysosomal dysfunction in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced rat myocardial H9C2 cells. METHODS:The H9C2 cells were treated with DOX. The expression of NRF2 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The H9C2 cells stably over-expressing NRF2 were established by lentiviral infection. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to identify the efficiency of over-expression. After DOX treatment, the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cell supernatant were detected. FITC-dextran was used to analyze lysosomal pH, and the protein expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and cathepsin B was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:The expression of NRF2 at mRNA and protein levels in DOX-treated H9C2 cells was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Over-expression of NRF2 significantly up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of NRF2 in DOX-treated H9C2 cells (P<0.05). After DOX treatment, the cell viability was decreased, and LDH activity was increased. The activity of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT was decreased, and the content of MDA was increased (P<0.05). The lysosomal pH was increased, and the protein expression of LAMP1 and cathepsin B decreased (P<0.05). Over-expression of NRF2 increased the cell viability, decreased LDH activity, increased the activity of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, and decreased the content of MDA in cell supernatant (P<0.05). Over-expression of NRF2 also decreased the lysosomal pH, and increased the protein expression of LAMP1 and cathepsin B (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:DOX inhibits the expression of NRF2 in the myocardial H9C2 cells. Over-expression of NRF2 attenuates oxidative stress and lysosomal dysfunction in the H9C2 cells induced by DOX.     

开沟起垄措施对植烟土壤和烟叶产值的影响

为探明烟稻轮作制度下,烟田起垄开沟对植烟土壤化学性质及烟株生长、产质量等影响,以稻茬烟田为试验平台,设置2个开沟深度[A1：浅沟（垄间开沟15cm）;A2：深沟（垄间开沟25cm）]和2个起垄时间[B1：移栽前10d起垄（常规起垄）;B2：翻耕后起垄],于2018年取样,系统分析不同处理对土壤pH、主要养分含量和烟株农艺性状、干物质积累及经济性状的影响。研究结果表明,烟株各个主要生育时期深沟+翻耕后起垄处理（A2B2）的有效叶片数、烟叶最大叶长、叶宽和株高均优于其他处理;且该处理能有效改善土壤速效养分含量,土壤pH处于优质烤烟生产要求范围;同时烟株物质生产能力强,干物质积累多,在各器官间分配合理;烤烟经济性状也表现为该处理的烟叶产量、产值及上等烟比例较高,表现较优。总之,翻耕后起垄+深开沟处理（A2B2）有利于烟株生长,提高烟株的品质,为烟叶优质适产奠定了生物学基础。     

Effect of Kechuanning on airway remodeling and protein level of p-ERK1/2 in lung tissues of asthmatic rats induced by virus

AIM:To investigate the effect of Kechuanning on airway remodeling and the protein level of p-ERK1/2 in lung tissues of asthmatic rats induced by virus. METHODS:The asthmatic rat model induced by respiratory syncytial virus was established. The experimental rats were divided into normal group, asthma model group, low dose (0.33 mL/kg), middle dose (3.0 mL/kg) and high dose (10 mL/kg) of Kechuanning groups, and PD98059 (3 mg/kg) group. The airway responsiveness of the rats was measured by animal ventilator. The pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed by HE staining. PAS staining and Masson staining were used to observe goblet epithelial cells metaplasia and airway collagen deposition. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the lung tissues of the rats was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The protein levels of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with model group, the airway responsiveness of the rats in middle dose and high dose of Kechuanning groups was significantly decreased (P<0.01), the injury of lung tissues was significantly decreased, the goblet epithelial cells metaplasia and airway collagen deposition were significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissues was also significantly decreased (P<0.01). In addition, the protein level of p-ERK1/2 in high dose of Kechuanning group was significantly decreased compared with model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Kechuanning may treat asthma by regulating the expression of p-ERK1/2 in the lung tissues and improving the airway remodeling symptoms of asthmatic rats induced by virus.     

银杏愈伤组织超低温保存的研究

本文对银杏子叶愈伤组织进行了超低温保存研究。结果表明 ,冰冻保护剂、冷冻速度对解冻后材料相对存活率影响较大 ,冻前预培养和预冻至某一温度停留一段时间也较为重要。在含高浓度山梨醇或甘露醇的培养基上预培养 2d的愈伤组织 ,用 10 %二甲基亚砜 +0 .5mol·L- 1 山梨醇作为冰冻保护剂 ,以 1℃·min- 1 速度降温 ,在 - 15℃、- 35℃分别停留 10min和 30min后 ,投入液氮中保存 1d ,细胞相对存活率可达 6 0 %以上。再培养时 ,细胞能恢复生长。     

萧氏松茎象的生活史和生态影响因子研究

萧氏松茎象在湖南省主要危害湿地松和马尾松。通过采用解剖林内虫害木的研究方法和林间的定期观察技术，对萧氏松茎象在湖南的生活习性及主要的生态影响因子进行了研究，研究结果表明萧氏松茎象在湖南的郴州两年发生一代，寄主种类、林分类型和林内植被直接影响萧氏松茎象的发生危害程度。     

华山松针叶中矿质元素含量的地理变异

以１２年生的种源林为取材对象，在１９９１年４月３０日、７月３０日、１０月３０日及１９９２年１月３０日同时采当年和１年生针叶，测定Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ和Ｍｇ浓度。结果表明，除Ｋ外，其它矿质元素浓度种源间存在极显著差异。地理变异呈纬向渐变型。极端温度与元素地理差异有密切关系，并构成主导自然选择压。元素浓度的季节动态与针叶生长节律循环相伴。南、北华山松已分化成两个营养能力显著不同的地理种群，但动态模式基本相似。     

增强剂对粉状脲醛树脂合成的影响

研究了增强剂对脲醛树脂性能的影响。通过实验得出，复合型增强剂对提高胶的胶合强度，提高软化点（软化温度迭120℃以上），降低游离甲醛方面均比单一的三聚氰胺或苯酚的效果好；通过进一步研究发现，增强荆用量在尿素总质量的5％时效果较好，增强剂的投料方式采用随第2次甲醛、第2次尿素同时加入为宜。     

提高杉木种子园种子产量及品质技术措施的研究

对湖南省东安县杉木无性系种子园施肥试验的结果表明：３、６、８月中旬每次每株各施尿素０．４ｋｇ、过磷酸钙０．３ｋｇ、氯化钾０．２ｋｇ为球花产量最高的施肥方案；施肥对当年的种子播种品质有影响，但不大；种子园大片母树不挂果的原因是土壤和树体中锰含量过高而树体中的硼元素缺乏，对此提出对土壤施石灰和对母树针叶喷Ｂ肥的改良措施；３—８月是杉木种子园施Ｎ、Ｐ．Ｋ肥最适宜时期；确定８月是杉木种子园母树营养诊断进行针叶分析的最佳采样时期，并制定出杉木种子园母树的针叶中全Ｎ含量为０．８％、全Ｐ含量为０．１２％、全Ｋ含量为０．７％是其临界值；针叶全Ｎ含量０．８—１．２％、全Ｋ含量０．７－０．９％是其最适浓度范围；中耕松土对种子园种子产量影响不明显。