甜瓜新品种‘甜包1号’

‘甜包1号’是采用系统选育方法，从安徽省淮北地方品种‘包瓜’原始群体中选育出来的，适合酱制的甜瓜新品种。植株生长健壮，子蔓和孙蔓均可结果，单株坐果3 ~ 4 个，全生育期75 ~ 80 d。单果质量0.50 ~ 0.96 kg。中抗白粉病，中抗霜霉病。第1生长周期产量38 250 kg · hm^-2，第2生长周期产量41 250 kg · hm^-2。适宜安徽淮河以北春季栽培。     

尤金·哈格洛夫环境伦理思想研究

哈格洛夫是美国著名的环境伦理学家，他的思想深受亚里士多德的影响，坚持弱人类中心主义的观点，融美于环境伦理规范，注重理论与实践结合，主张环境保守治疗法。哈格洛夫环境伦理思想是人类在面对生态危机时的反思，体现了人类长期以来对待自然态度的自我觉醒，更是人们改变过去一味地从自然索取转而寻求与自然和谐相处的产物。     

皖北石灰岩山地不同植被恢复模式对植物群落物种组成及多样性的影响

通过研究皖北石灰岩山地生态系统的植被群落,分析不同植被恢复群落的组成、结构、多样性和生活型组成,进而阐明石灰岩山地生态系统植被恢复模式对群落结构特征以及植物物种多样性的影响。结果表明:研究区有54种植物,隶属26科54属。侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)+构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)人工混交林有植物种类16科26种,分别占总数的61.5%和48.1%。酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa)+牡荆(Vitex negundo var.cannabifolia)灌丛和荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)+牡荆草灌丛植物种类分别为32和33种,分别占调查总物种数的59.3%和61.1%。不同植被恢复群落生活型也有差异。侧柏+构树人工混交林群落高位芽植物占优势,而酸枣+牡荆灌丛和荩草+牡荆草灌丛则以地面芽植物所占比例较大。分析表明,多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数均表现为侧柏+构树混交林>酸枣+牡荆灌丛>荩草+牡荆草灌丛,但物种丰富度表现为荩草+牡荆草灌丛>酸枣+牡荆灌丛>侧柏+构树混交林。Sörensen较高值出现在酸枣+牡荆灌丛与侧柏+构树混交林和荩草+牡荆草灌丛之间,侧柏+构树混交林与荩草+牡荆草灌丛Sörensen多样性值较低。研究结果表明,石灰岩山地独特的地貌特征和人工植被恢复对植物群落组成、多样性及其生活型组成产生重要影响。     

羊口疮病毒安徽株116基因的生物信息学分析及原核表达

为了对羊口疮病毒（Orf virus, ORFV）安徽株116基因进行生物信息学分析及原核表达。以ORFVAH-F10株为模板PCR扩增116基因，使用生物信息学软件预测该基因编码蛋白的结构与功能。同时将扩增产物克隆至pET-32a（＋）原核表达载体，经BamH I及EcoR I双酶切鉴定后进行测序，构建pET-32a（＋）-116重组质粒。转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）进行IPTG诱导，纯化蛋白后免疫BALB/c雌性小鼠制备多克隆抗体。测序结果显示，ORFV116基因全长561 bp，编码186个氨基酸。生物信息学分析结果显示：该蛋白分子量约为20.33 kDa，为不稳定亲水性蛋白；无信号肽、保守结构域及跨膜结构域；含有2个N糖基化位点和42个磷酸化位点；二级结构以无规则卷曲为主，分别为延伸链（5.91%）、α-螺旋（14.52%）与无规则卷曲（79.57%）；预测该蛋白含有20个可能的B细胞优势抗原表位与4个CTL细胞表位。SDS-PAGE及Western-blot结果显示，ORFV116蛋白大小约为51 kDa，主要以可溶形式表达且具有良好的反应原性。     

基于EXCEL的作物灌水率图自动绘制与修正

在灌区的规划设计中,传统作物灌水率图的绘制一般都是手工方法,不仅效率低且修正起来很不方便,而且现有的灌水率图绘制软件一般存在着灌水率计算和灌水率图绘制相互独立、无法实时动态修正等不足.基此,综合利用EXCEL软件强大的数据处理、分析功能以及图形自动绘制功能,将灌水率计算与灌水率图绘制有机结合,从而实现灌水率图的快速绘制和动态调整.这种方法操作方便、简单,值得在工程设计部门推广使用.     

硅对严重干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶绿素荧光参数的影响

研究了硅对严重干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:黄瓜幼苗在严重干旱胁迫6 d后,Fo升高,Fm,Fv,Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo及NPQ均下降,施硅使各荧光参数均呈现相反的变化趋势。说明土壤施硅可缓解严重干旱胁迫对黄瓜幼苗光合机构的损伤与破坏,提高抗旱性能。     

Ca2+、PEG预处理对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗某些酶活性的影响

本文结果表明，Ｃａ＾２＋、ＰＥＧ预处理小麦种子具有提高其幼苗ＲＷＣ及ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ的活性和降低膜透性的效应，在干旱胁迫下植株生长抑制减轻。随着干旱胁迫的加强、ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ活性迅速上升并始终维持较高水平，具体表现为浸种处理ＰＥＧ〉Ｃａ＾２＋〈Ｈ２Ｏ；ＲＷＣ表现为ＰＥＧ〉Ｃａ＾２＋〉Ｈ２Ｏ，植株生长抑制程度表现为ＰＥＧ〈Ｃａ＾２＋〈Ｈ２Ｏ。解除干旱胁迫后，Ｃａ＾２＋，ＰＥＧ浸种处理的     

Different roles of rhizosphere effect and long-term fertilization in the activity and community structure of ammonia oxidizers in a calcareous fluvo-aquic soil

Ammonia oxidation is a critical step in the soil nitrogen (N) cycle and can be affected by the application of mineral fertilizers or organic manure. However, little is known about the rhizosphere effect on the function and structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) and archaeal (AOA) communities, the most important organisms responsible for ammonia oxidation in agricultural ecosystems. Here, the potential nitrification activity (PNA), population size and composition of AOB and AOA communities in both the rhizosphere and bulk soil from a long-term (31-year) fertilizer field experiment conducted during two seasons (wheat and maize) were investigated using the shaken slurry method, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. N fertilization greatly enhanced PNA and AOB abundance, while manure application increased AOA abundance. The community structure of AOB exhibited more obvious shifts than that of AOA after long-term fertilization, resulting in more abundant AOB phylotypes similar to Nitrosospira clusters 3 and 4 in the N-fertilized treatments. Moreover, PNA was closely correlated with the abundance and community structure of AOB rather than that of AOA among soils during both seasons, indicating that AOB play an active role in ammonia oxidation. Conversely, the PNA and population sizes of AOB and AOA were typically higher in the rhizosphere than the bulk soil, implying a significant rhizosphere effect on ammonia oxidation. Cluster and redundancy analyses further showed that this rhizosphere effect played a more important role in shaping AOA community structure than long-term fertilization. Overall, the results indicate that AOB rather than AOA functionally dominate ammonia oxidation in the calcareous fluvo-aquic soil, and that rhizosphere effect and fertilization regime play different roles in the activity and community structures of AOB and AOA.     

Effects of the insecticide triazophos on the ultrastructure of the flight muscle of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a long-distance migratory insect pest in temperate eastern Asia and is a classical resurgent rice pest that is induced by insecticides. Knowledge of the effect of insecticides on the flight capacity of insects is needed to understand their migration, which may help to improve the management of insect pests. Our previous study demonstrated that some insecticides enhance the flight capacity of BPH. However, the effect of insecticides on the flight muscle of BPH is not well understood. Thus, the present study examined the effect of triazophos, a classical insecticide that induces the resurgence of BPH, on the ultrastructure of macropterous females using transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the diameter of myofibrils one and two days after adult female emergence (DAE) following treatment with 40 ppm triazophos was significantly greater than that of the control, increasing by 31.4 and 21.5%, respectively. In addition, the length of the sarcomeres at two and three DAE was significantly greater than that of the control, increasing by 73.8 and 50.8%, respectively. The percentage of mitochondrial volume in the muscle fibres at one and two DAE was 146.2 and 67.7% greater than that of the control, respectively. These findings show that the mechanisms of triazophos-induced enhancement of the flight capacity of BPH involve changes in the ultrastructure of the flight muscle.     

Effects of silicon application on drought resistance of cucumber plants

A study on the effects of silicon supply on the resistance to drought in cucumber plants was conducted in pot experiments. The results suggested that in the absence of stress, silicon slightly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate, but significantly decreased the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in cucumber plants. Silicon enhanced the net photosynthetic rate of cucumber plants under drought stress. Since silicon decreased the stomatal conductance, enhanced the capacity of holding water, and kept the transpiration rate at a relatively steady rate during drought stress, the photosynthesis of the cucumber plants was sustained. And under drought stress, silicon increased the biomass and water content of leaves in cucumber plants. Silicon decreased the decomposition of chlorophyll in cucumber plants under drought stress, limited the increase of the plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves, alleviated the physiological response of peroxidase (POD) to drought stress, maintained the superoxide dismutase (SOD) normal adaptation, and increased the activity of catalase (CAT). Under severe stress, these physiological biochemical reactions showed positive correlations with the amount of silicon supply. These findings demonstrated that silicon enhanced the resistance of the cucumber plants to drought. Statistical analysis indicated that under drought stress the cumulative value of biomass showed a highly significant correlation with the cumulative value of diurnal photosynthesis (r = 0.9812, p < 0.01), and was significantly correlated with the water content of leaves (r = 0.8650, p < 0.05). These results demonstrated that under drought stress the first factor responsible for the effects of silicon application on the cumulative value of biomass was the increase of photosynthesis, and the second factor was the enhancement of the water holding capacity. Based on these facts, it was concluded that silicon enhanced the resistance to drought mainly by taking part in the metabolism of plants.