吕梁山地区植被物候变化及对气候的响应

吕梁山地区地形垂直差异明显,植被对气候变化反应敏感,研究吕梁山地区植被物候变化,探索植被物候变化与气候的响应关系,旨在为高海拔山区植被物候研究和生态治理提供借鉴。基于2000—2015年MODIS NDVI时间序列数据,通过动态阈值法提取吕梁山地区的植被物候,对气温、降水进行空间插值,并对植被2个关键物候期与气候因素进行偏相关分析。结果表明：（1）植被生长季开始日期(the start of the growing season,SOS)提前的区域约占85.7%,其中16.2%显著提前;植被生长季结束日期(the end of the growing season,EOS)推迟的区域约占90.6%,其中33.3%显著推迟。（2）区内74.8%、87.7%植被SOS分别与气温、降水呈负相关,气温升高或降水增加,植被SOS提前。植被SOS在高海拔山区受4月气温影响显著,而低海拔地区受4月降水影响显著。（3）区内72.6%、65.1%植被EOS分别与气温、降水呈正相关,气温升高或降水增加,植被EOS推迟。植被EOS在北部和西部地区受11月气温影响显著,而高海拔地区受9月降水影响显著。2000—2015年吕梁山地区植被物候发生显著变化,各地区对气温、降水的响应不同,研究结果可为区域物候、气候变化研究和陆地生态治理提供科学依据。     

荞麦产品加工现状分析与建议

近年来人们对健康和养生越发关注,荞麦作为一种药食同源的小宗杂粮,具有很高的营养价值,得到了越来越多的重视。目前市场上已有荞麦面粉、荞麦米、荞麦挂面等荞麦制品,但产品的种类不够丰富,且没有充分发挥出荞麦药食同源的保健作用。本文介绍了荞麦的营养价值,并在分析荞麦产品加工现状的基础上,指出了荞麦产品加工方面存在的不足,并对荞麦加工的未来发展提出了一些建议。     

我国食用菌产业发展现状及产业升级路径分析

对我国食用菌产业发展现状进行梳理,指出我国食用菌行业主要存在的问题不仅是开发规模小、科技含量低,而且品种质量参差不齐、销售渠道不畅、食用菌产品存在滞销等。构建面板数据模型探究影响我国食用菌产业升级的主要影响因素,结果表明,食用菌年度生产总量、食用菌行业从业人员总数、出口贸易总额、固定资产投资、居民消费支出水平与食用菌产业结构升级之间为显著的正相关关系,基于此提出了助力我国食用菌产业升级的政策。     

我国大蒜产业现状及发展对策

大蒜是一种经济作物。我国大蒜种植历史悠久,目前以大蒜产业为主要收入的农户有千万人以上;在国际市场上,我国大蒜占据超过60%的份额,是世界上最大的大蒜生产国和消费国。然而,随着经济的发展,大蒜产业在发展过程中逐渐暴露出许多问题。本文针对我国大蒜产业的现状和问题,提出了解决对策,为我国调整大蒜产业发展结构提供理论依据。     

长三角地区某市垃圾焚烧行业环保现状调查研究

对长三角地区某市垃圾焚烧行业的环保现状进行了调查研究,结果发现:当前区域垃圾焚烧企业,在保证规模、控制数量及地域上均衡布置的前提下,行业废水、废气污染治理设施齐全,废水、废气均稳定可达标排放,调查时段内未有投诉问题。区域垃圾焚烧行业在做到当下要求的情况下,实现了区域垃圾焚烧行业污染可控,对城市垃圾焚烧行业环保发展具备借鉴意义。     

立体绿化集成技术配套产品开发利用研究进展

当前立体绿化在国内多个大中城市中得到了蓬勃发展,促进了相关配套产品的研发和推广应用,同时新型的配套产品又推动了立体绿化的快速发展。本文对华南地区立体绿化基质产品、蓄水种植容器、植被毯、绿墙、生态植被砖等相关配套产品的研发及应用情况展开综述,旨在为今后能更有效地推广立体绿化集成技术及相关产品提供参考。     

Threats to at-risk salmonids of the Canadian Rocky Mountain region

Trout and charr, members of the salmonid family, have high conservation value but are also susceptible to anthropogenic threats in part due to the specificity of their habitat requirements. Understanding historical and future threats facing these species is necessary to promote their recovery. Of freshwater trout and charr in the Canadian Rocky Mountain region, westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus; a charr species) and Athabasca rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are of conservation concern. And indeed, range contractions and declining populations are evident throughout much of their ranges. Range contraction was most evident in the southern Alberta designatable unit (DU) of westslope cutthroat trout. Diminished populations were also evident in the downstream watersheds of the Alberta bull trout range, and throughout the Athabasca rainbow trout range. We assessed historical and future threats to evaluate the relative importance of individual threats to each DU and compare their impact among species. Individual threats fall into the broad categories of angling, non-native species and genes, habitat loss and alteration, and climate change. Severity of each threat varies by DU and reflects the interaction between species’ biology and the location of the DU. Severity of threats facing each DU has changed over time, reflecting extirpation of native populations, changes in management and industry best practices, expansion of non-native species and progressing climate change. The overall threat impact for each DU indicates a high probability of substantial and continuing declines and calls for immediate action.     

新营养健康资源:白背天葵的研究进展

本文介绍了白背天葵的基本概况,包括生物学特性、来源与分布、栽培种植技术,系统地综述了营养价值、活性物质组成及生物学功效,并从中医学理论对其药理作用进行了阐述。此外,全面分析了白背天葵的研发现状及存在的问题,并对其研究前景进行了相应的展望,以期为白背天葵的研发利用提供理论依据,为食品工业的发展提供新的动力。     

昌邑生姜发展(栽培)现状及存在问题调研

为进一步提高生姜生产技术水平，对昌邑市生姜产业相关情况开展了调查，通过调查昌邑市生姜主栽品种、栽培方式、合理密度、适时覆盖和撤掉遮阳网、适时适度覆土、合理生长期和生长状况等栽培情况，发现存在植株过高或过矮、分枝数偏少、块茎过长过短和过宽过窄、块茎及各姜球质量差距大、地上茎叶过旺或过弱、地上地下部分生长不平衡等栽培问题，并结合实际提出了选择好良种和栽培方式、计划好种植密度、掌握好遮阳网的覆盖和撤掉时机、把握好覆土厚度和时间、做好生姜生长期综合统筹管理等建议。     

Relationships of Spectral Reflectance with Plant Tissue Mineral Elements of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Under Drought and Salinity Stresses

ABSTRACT

Salinity and drought stresses are critical for Phaseolus vulgaris L. growth and development. They affect plants in various ways, including tissue mineral element content. Micro- and macro-elements in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (cv. ‘Blue lake’ and cv. ‘Terli’) subjected to deficit irrigation and salinity treatments were investigated, both analytically and with regards to their effect on the leaves’ spectral reflectance. B (boron), K (potassium), Mn (manganese), Na (sodium), Si (silicon) and Zn (zinc) appeared to be influenced by stress factors, mainly responding to salinity increase. The leaf spectral reflectance of the plants appeared to be significantly correlated with most of the elements under investigation. Multivariate regression identified a relationship of the reflectance at particular regions of the spectrum with phosphorus and NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and indicated a significant correlation with B, Fe (iron), K, Mn, P (phosphorus) and Zn. Moreover, customized spectral indices, exhibiting significantly high correlation with B, Fe, K, Mg (magnesium), Mn, Na, P, Zn and N (nitrogen), were developed.