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1.
Snow cover is an important water source for vegetation growth in arid and semi-arid areas,and grassland phenology provides valuable information on the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.The Mongolian Plateau features both abundant snow cover resources and typical grassland ecosystems.In recent years,with the intensification of global climate change,the snow cover on the Mongolian Plateau has changed correspondingly,with resulting effects on vegetation growth.In this study,using MOD10A1 snow cover data and MOD13A1 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data combined with remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)techniques,we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes in snow cover and grassland phenology on the Mongolian Plateau from 2001 to 2018.The correlation analysis and grey relation analysis were used to determine the influence of snow cover parameters(snow cover fraction(SCF),snow cover duration(SCD),snow cover onset date(SCOD),and snow cover end date(SCED))on different types of grassland vegetation.The results showed wide snow cover areas,an early start time,a late end time,and a long duration of snow cover over the northern Mongolian Plateau.Additionally,a late start,an early end,and a short duration were observed for grassland phenology,but the southern area showed the opposite trend.The SCF decreased at an annual rate of 0.33%.The SCD was shortened at an annual rate of 0.57 d.The SCOD and SCED in more than half of the study area advanced at annual rates of 5.33 and 5.74 DOY(day of year),respectively.For grassland phenology,the start of the growing season(SOS)advanced at an annual rate of 0.03 DOY,the end of the growing season(EOS)was delayed at an annual rate of 0.14 DOY,and the length of the growing season(LOS)was prolonged at an annual rate of 0.17 d.The SCF,SCD,and SCED in the snow season were significantly positively correlated with the SOS and negatively correlated with the EOS and LOS.The SCOD was significantly negatively correlated with the SOS and positively correlated with the EOS and LOS.The SCD and SCF can directly affect the SOS of grassland vegetation,while the EOS and LOS were obviously influenced by the SCOD and SCED.This study provides a scientific basis for exploring the response trends of alpine vegetation to global climate change.  相似文献   
2.
Coal mining has led to serious ecological damages in arid desert region of Northwest China. However, effects of climatic factor and mining activity on vegetation dynamics and plant diversity in this region remain unknown. Wuhai City located in the arid desert region of Northwest China is an industrial city and dominated by coal mining. Based on Landsat data and field investigation in Wuhai City, we analyzed the vegetation dynamics and the relationships with climate factors, coal mining activity and ecological restoration projects from 2000 to 2019. Results showed that vegetation in Wuhai City mostly consisted of desert plants, such as Caragana microphylla, Tetraena mongolica and Achnatherum splendens. And the vegetation fractional coverage(VFC) and greenness rate of change(GRC) showed that vegetation was slightly improved during the study period. Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was positively correlated with annual mean precipitation, relative humidity and annual mean temperature, indicating that these climate factors might play important roles in the improved vegetation. Vegetation coverage and plant diversity around the coal mining area were reduced by coal mining, while the implementation of ecological restoration projects improved the vegetation coverage and plant diversity. Our results suggested that vegetation in the arid desert region was mainly affected by climate factors, and the implementation of ecological restoration projects could mitigate the impacts of coal mining on vegetation and ecological environment.  相似文献   
3.
土壤电导率是表征土壤水溶性盐的一个重要指标,可反映土壤盐渍化程度。为了研究高寒草甸退化对土壤电导率的影响,以三江源区未退化高寒草甸和退化高寒草甸为研究对象,系统分析了退化高寒草甸的植被特征和土壤特征与土壤电导率的相互关系。结果表明:高寒草甸退化会对土壤电导率产生显著负影响,且土壤电导率与评价高寒草甸的退化指标植被盖度、地上生物量、土壤有机质、土壤全氮含量表现出一致的变化趋势。因而,认为高寒草甸的退化是会引起土壤电导率的变化,土壤电导率作为土壤盐渍化程度的衡量指标,亦可作为评价草甸退化的客观指标之一。  相似文献   
4.
整理福建省4个有居民海岛和13个无居民海岛的植被现状,从地理环境影响和人为活动影响两方面综述福建海岛植被变化及面临的问题,包括土地风沙化严重,防护林效能衰退,园林植物生长遭受威胁,自然灾害破坏植物生境,以及海岛城市扩张,外来植物入侵威胁等。提出提高生态保护意识,推进海岛植被修复工作,发展生态旅游业,改善海岛防护林体系等福建海岛植被资源保护与开发策略。  相似文献   
5.
流苏香竹(Chimonocalamus fimbriatus)是云南特有珍稀竹种,主要分布于云南西南部。文章以野外调查获取的流苏香竹分布信息为主,运用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)同时结合地理信息系统(ArcGIS),基于19个气候因子,预测其在当前及未来气候变化情景下的潜在分布区。结果表明:当前流苏香竹的高适生区和中适生区主要分布于德宏州、保山市和临沧市等地,除迪庆州、丽江市和昭通市外,云南其他区域均有低适生区零星分布。在未来2050s和2070s的2个时间段,基于2种不同共享社会经济路径(SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5),流苏香竹的高适生区面积呈减少的趋势,尤其是SSP5-8.5路径下,高适生区面积仅为当前的12.51%(2050s)和18.63%(2070s);中、低适生区在SSP1-2.6路径下,显著扩张(2050s)或略微扩张(2070s),在SSP5-8.5路径下,则大幅收缩。流苏香竹野外实际分布区及其潜在分布区均以斑块状为主,可能与云南特殊的地形、地貌有关。影响流苏香竹分布的主导气候因子为最湿月份降水量、最暖月份最高温度、最干季度降水量和平均气温日较差。流苏香竹对气候变化比较敏感,根据其野外分布状况,建议以就地保护为主、迁地保护为辅,在其潜在适生区内适当引种栽培。  相似文献   
6.
  1. Humanity is facing a biodiversity crisis, with freshwater-associated biodiversity in a particularly dire state. Novel ecosystems created through human use of mineral resources, such as gravel pit lakes, can provide substitute habitats for the conservation of freshwater and riparian biodiversity. Many of these artificial ecosystems are subject to a high intensity of recreational use, however, which may limit their biodiversity potential.
  2. The species richness of several taxa (plants, amphibians, dragonflies, damselflies, waterfowl, and songbirds) was assessed and a range of taxonomic biodiversity metrics were compared between gravel pit lakes managed for recreational fisheries (n = 16) and unmanaged reference lakes (n = 10), controlling for non-fishing-related environmental variation.
  3. The average species richness of all the taxa examined was similar among lakes in both lake types and no substantial differences in species composition were found when examining the pooled species inventory. Similarly, there were no differences between lake types in the presence of rare species and in the Simpson diversity index across all of the taxa assessed.
  4. Variation in species richness among lakes was correlated with woody habitat, lake morphology (surface area and steepness), and land use, but was not correlated with the presence of recreational fisheries. Thus, non-fishing-related environmental variables had stronger effects on local species presence than recreational fisheries management or the presence of recreational anglers.
  5. Collectively, no evidence was found that anglers and recreational fisheries management constrain the development of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in gravel pit lakes in the study region; however, the conservation of species diversity in gravel pit lakes could benefit from an increasing reliance on habitat enhancement activities.
  相似文献   
7.
自2006年以来,长江豚类极度濒危的生存状况得到广泛关注,在其自然保护区实施一系列生态修复工程,为镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区内的江豚提供良好的生存环境。于2015—2018年在和畅洲水域建设生态浮岛、人工鱼巢和放流底栖动物进行水域生态修复,对生态修复工程进行跟踪监测和效果评价。结果表明:生态浮岛的建设可提高区域内浮游植物和浮游动物的生物多样性和群落结构复杂程度;人工鱼巢对产黏性卵鱼类具有一定增殖效果,增殖种类主要为鲤、鲫、䱗和黄尾鲴;生态浮岛和人工鱼巢的建设对鱼类均有较好的聚集效果;底栖动物增殖放流显著增加了放流物种的丰度、生物量及保护区底栖动物群落生物量,增殖放流效果评价为中等。该自然保护区水域生态修复效果明显,为工程施工影响下水生生物保护区生态修复提供科学依据。  相似文献   
8.
为了掌握高压直流输电工程接地极对埋地管道杂散电流干扰的影响规律,在17个高压直流输电工程接地极附近的12条管道上安装了电位远程监测系统,对管道电位进行长时间连续监测。通过管道电位变化分析接地极的干扰频次和干扰时间,以及管道受干扰程度、影响范围。监测结果显示:通过对管道电位长时间连续监测能够准确判断出接地极对管道的干扰影响,2017年17个接地极的总干扰频次为201次,干扰总时长为657.31 h,较2016年略有下降;监测到1987 km管道受到接地极的干扰,其中华南地区接地极对管道的干扰较华东、华中及西北地区大。干扰电位分布规律分析结果表明,接地极与管道的垂直距离越短,靠近接地极端杂散电流流入流出的管段越短,其对远离接地极端的管道的干扰程度越大、干扰范围越广。  相似文献   
9.
基于无人机多时相植被指数的冬小麦产量估测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过无人机搭载多光谱相机,对不同水分亏缺条件下冬小麦多个生育期进行遥感监测,采用不同种类多光谱植被指数表征冬小麦的生长特征,分析了植被指数与冬小麦产量的相关关系,并利用多时相植被指数构建产量估测数据集,采用偏最小二乘回归、支持向量机回归和随机森林回归3种机器学习算法进行冬小麦产量估测。结果表明,随着冬小麦的生长,多个植被指数与产量的相关性不断增强,灌浆末期相关系数达到0.7,植被指数与产量的线性回归决定系数也达到最大。多时相植被指数反映了冬小麦生长的变化特征,进一步提高了冬小麦产量估测精度,采用开花期和灌浆初期的多时相植被指数进行估产比采用单个生育期的植被指数估测产量的精度高,采用偏最小二乘回归模型的估测精度R2提高约0.021,支持向量机回归模型R2提高约0.015,随机森林回归模型R2提高约0.051。采用灌浆末期的多时相植被指数,3种模型均有较高的估测精度,偏最小二乘回归模型估测精度最高时的R2、RMSE分别为0.459、1 822.746 kg/hm2,支持向量机回归模型估测精度最高时的R2、RMSE分别为0.540、1 676.520 kg/hm2,随机森林回归模型估测精度最高时的R2、RMSE分别为0.560、1 633.896 kg/hm2,本文数据集训练的随机森林回归模型估测精度最高,且稳定性更好。  相似文献   
10.
昌吉地区作物生长季潜在蒸散量变化特征及影响因子   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文探究昌吉地区1963—2020年作物生长季蒸散量变化特征,为该地区水资源优化管理、作物合理布局、农业灌溉规划以及水资源开发利用提供依据。根据昌吉地区8个气象站点1963—2020年的气象数据,采用Thornthwaite法、气候倾向法、M-K检验法、小波分析法分析潜在蒸散量的时空变化特征,结合相关分析探讨气候因子对其影响。结果表明:(1)在时间尺度上,昌吉地区作物生长季潜在蒸散量增加趋势显著,变化率为2.3 mm/10 a,多年平均值为876 mm;8个气象站点潜在蒸散量都呈现增加趋势;(2)在空间尺度上,昌吉地区作物生长季内潜在蒸散量由西向东呈递减趋势。整体呈先减少后增加的变化趋势;(3)西部在2009年、中部在1994年、东部在2013年发生突变,昌吉地区突变发生在1997年,中部和昌吉地区突变早于西部和东部;周期变化显示,昌吉地区作物生长季潜在蒸散量有3.7~4.2年变化周期;(4)影响昌吉地区作物生长季潜在蒸散量主要因素是气温,其中最低气温逐年升高导致潜在蒸散量逐年增加的贡献最大,其他气候因子的变化对潜在蒸散量起着削弱作用。  相似文献   
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