甘孜州退化草地生态系统综合治理对策研究

介绍了甘孜州草地生态系统现状,在分析草地退化原因和危害的基础上,提出了综合治理退化草地生态系统的措施。     

山洪对房屋的破坏及防患

山洪对房屋的破坏随着生态环境的恶化而加剧,其损失又随人民生活水平的提高而增加。防患房屋遭受山洪破坏刻不容缓。本文客观地总结了山洪破坏房屋具有的区域性、多样性、毁灭性特征,通过分析房屋遭受山洪破坏的沉痼陋习,初步揭示了山洪惩罚人为性大失误的沉痛教训,进而提出防患山洪破坏房屋要非工程措施与工程措施相结合,运用社会、经济、法律的手段,加以减灾引导,加强建房管理,采取开撇水沟、挖水平槽、刨鱼鳞坑、砌护坡墙、打挡水桩等直接有效的工程措施,加速隐患补救,实现减灾目的。     

茶树上的跳跃健将——可可广翅蜡蝉

可可广翅蜡蝉(Ricania cacaonis Chou et Lu)隶属半翅目,广蜡蝉科,是一种茶园较常见的蜡蝉类害虫.主要分布于我国广东、海南、湖南、浙江和江苏等省,以若虫、成虫刺吸茶树嫩梢、叶片的汁液为害.文章介绍了可可广翅蜡蝉的分类地位与分布、形态特征、生活习性与危害、防治措施等内容,供茶树植保工作者参考.     

浅析建筑物墙体、防水层渗漏及防治措施

分析了建筑物墙体及防水层渗漏的原因,并论述了防治措施;强调施工中应加强管理,坚持“质量第一”的原则。     

鸡东县水稻产业带推进情况概述

鸡东县土质肥沃,水资源丰富,适于水稻种植。近几年,随着新品种的推广应用,水稻产量逐年上升,为了使水稻生产立足本地资源优势,面对目前在水稻良种繁育、体系建设、技术应用、农业科普教育等方面存在的制约当地水稻发展的各种因素,提出应依靠科技进步,把发展产业带与增加农民收入相结合,采取节本增效、实施高产栽培、重点引进扶植龙头企业等措施,以推动水稻产业化进程。     

云南省岩溶地区石漠化草原现状及分区保护与修复策略

据最新调查数据,云南省石漠化草原主要分布于曲靖、昆明、红河等5个州( 市),总面积 37.97 万hm²,占岩溶土地面积的3.53%,其分布最广的海拔区间为1 500~2 500 m,占比47.85%, 基岩裸露度分布区间为30%~94%,以植被盖度为10%~19%的分布区间面积最广,占比37.85%, 绝大部分分布于土层薄甚至极薄区域,占比达92.10%。根据石漠化草原空间分布特征,在充分衔 接各大生态保护和修复工程建设规划基础上,统筹考虑岩溶生态系统的完整性、地理单元的连续性 和经济社会发展的可持续性,将云南省石漠化草原区划为6个分区,分区阐述石漠化草原生态保护 与修复策略。     

岩溶地区岩溶水资源的脆弱性及可持续发展

对西南岩溶地区岩溶水的脆弱性进行了定量分析研究.结果表明,随着养殖业和榨菜加工业的发展,岩溶水环境遭到破坏,水中各项指标都在急剧恶化,特别是龙洞湾点,短短5个月就发生了很大的变化.说明岩溶水是相当敏感和脆弱的,实现其可持续发展非常必要.     

基于遥感技术的植被分类研究现状与发展趋势

综述了国内外基于遥感技术进行植被分类的研究现状, 并提出植被分类的发展趋势:(1)从单时相、单源遥感分类向多时相、多源信息融合发展; (2)从单一分类方法向复合分类方法发展; (3)从“硬”分类向“软”分类方向发展; (4)从基于像元分类向混合像元分解分类和面向对象分类方向发展; (5)从传统分类向智能分类方向发展。     

基于可控性生态减渗目标的河床底质重构技术研究

位于地下水超采区且具有景观要求的河流,需同时具备维持生态水位和渗透补给地下水的功能,研究可调控减渗效果的河床底质重构技术对维持河床垂向连通性具有重要意义。以华北平原常见河床底质和膨润土为主要材料配比得到重构底质,通过变水头渗透试验与模型入渗试验探究了重构底质减渗特性,根据不同河流条件提出不同的配比及结构方案,减渗层厚度和纳基膨润土配比方案1为100 mm和9%,方案2为150 mm和15%,方案3为200 mm和18%;利用GeoStudio SEEP/W软件计算模拟了不同方案的渗流及渗流量减少状况。结果表明,改变膨润土类型和掺量可调节底质的减渗效果,使其渗透系数达到小于1×10^-7cm/s和小于1×10^-6cm/s目标水平;纳基膨润土掺量为15%的重构底质在1 m水头渗透作用下,浸润锋经39 d运移15 cm,56 d内累计入渗量为11.1 cm,减渗效果较好;模拟结果表明,3种减渗方案有不同的减渗效果,典型断面河流水位在0.3～2.0 m时,3种方案河流渗流损失量可降低55.8%～68.8%、91.5%～94.3%和94.8%～96.5%...     

Path analysis of spatial predictors of front-yard landscape in an anthropogenic environment

Contagious spatial patterns were shown to exist in the landscape of front-yards in street sections of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, Montréal. Neighbour mimicry was hypothesized as the mechanism behind this pattern (Zmyslony and Gagnon 1998). To assess the role of spatial environmental factors in structuring this pattern, we carried out a path analysis on the front-yard landscape with five spatial factors: relative distance, street side, width, depth and type of front-yard. We removed all non-significant factors from our model with simple Mantel tests and untangled the common spatial component from the relationship between spatial factors and front-yard landscape with partial Mantel tests. We then used path analysis to evaluate the relative importance of all significant spatial factors in structuring front-yard landscape and to determine the r ² (% of landscape variation explained by spatial factors). Results showed that (1) among all spatial environmental factors, distance (proximity) remained the best predictor of front-yard vegetation – distance alone explained an average of 20% of the landscape variation of a street section, (2) depth, width and type of front-yard also structured the front-yard landscape independently of distance, (3) front-yard landscape expresses greater similarity within the same side of a street section, and (4) in two street sections of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, spatial factors predicted over 40% of the landscape variation. This suggests (1) that landscape contagion exists also in highly humanized environments and (2) that the mimicry phenomenon was induced not only by proximity, but also by similar environmental conditions in same side street sections and whole street sections. Finally, we suggest that street sections are a very useful and appropriate unit of analysis of urban ecosystems.