全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1064篇 |
免费 | 179篇 |
国内免费 | 160篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 72篇 |
农学 | 146篇 |
基础科学 | 79篇 |
410篇 | |
综合类 | 377篇 |
农作物 | 81篇 |
水产渔业 | 85篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 89篇 |
园艺 | 30篇 |
植物保护 | 34篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 43篇 |
2022年 | 50篇 |
2021年 | 60篇 |
2020年 | 68篇 |
2019年 | 56篇 |
2018年 | 55篇 |
2017年 | 62篇 |
2016年 | 77篇 |
2015年 | 61篇 |
2014年 | 65篇 |
2013年 | 99篇 |
2012年 | 98篇 |
2011年 | 90篇 |
2010年 | 62篇 |
2009年 | 62篇 |
2008年 | 55篇 |
2007年 | 66篇 |
2006年 | 60篇 |
2005年 | 30篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 22篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1403条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
在面粉中加入一定比例的南瓜蓉,采用感官评定方法,通过单因素试验、正交试验确定了南瓜挂面的配方为南瓜蓉∶面粉为1∶7,以面粉100%为基数,水添加量为23%,魔芋粉添加量为0.15%,食盐添加量为1.2%。在此条件下得到的南瓜挂面面条笔直,无并条和扭曲;表面光滑,无毛刺、疙瘩,长度适中;产品呈淡黄色,颜色均匀一致,气味正常等;经最佳蒸煮时间6 min煮熟后,口感不黏、柔软爽口,面汤不浑。南瓜挂面质构参数中的硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性、黏附性等特性与南瓜挂面的韧性、黏弹性、耐煮性等感官品质密切相关,质构指标能很好地定量反映感官评定结果。 相似文献
3.
利用颜色和纹理特征判定玉米植株干旱程度是玉米旱情监测识别的新途径,良好的统计判别模型构建方法对实现这一新途径意义重大。采集了玉米出苗-拔节、拔节-抽雄、抽雄-成熟3个生长发育阶段适宜、轻旱、中旱、重旱、特旱5个干旱程度的玉米植株图像,用MATLAB软件从图像中提取玉米植株的颜色和纹理特征数据,以SPSS软件对特征数据的训练集进行Fisher逐步判别分析,获得Fisher判别函数组,结合曼哈顿距离判别规则,建立了玉米出苗-拔节、拔节-抽雄、抽雄-成熟3个生长发育阶段的正视面、俯视面和侧视面共9个单视角统计判别模型,并将每个生长发育阶段的单视角统计判别模型联合构建为三维统计判别模型。玉米3个生长发育阶段的所有单视角判别模型在训练和测试时的平均判别准确率无显著差异,所有正视面和侧视面单视角统计判别模型训练和测试时的平均判别准确率均在90%以上,判别玉米不同干旱程度的准确率差异性小,所有俯视面单视角统计判别模型训练、测试时的平均判别准确率均低于85%,且判别玉米不同干旱程度的准确率差异性较大。玉米3个生长发育阶段的三维统计判别模型的训练和测试平均判别准确率在97%以上,且判别玉米不同干旱程度的差异性较小。玉米3个生长发育阶段的单视角统计判模型中,侧视面统计判别模型的判别效果最好,正视面统计判别模型次之,俯视面统计判别模型的判别效果相对较差,每个生长发育阶段的三维统计判别模型的判别效果均比单视角统计判模型好。 相似文献
4.
为了对网纹甜瓜纹理特征进行定量预测,本文结合多个环境因子(基质含水量、温度、湿度、光合有效辐射),使用支持向量机(SVM)与随机森林(RF)多元回归分析方法,对基于灰度共生矩阵提取的4个果实表面纹理特征——对比度(contrast)、熵(entropy)、相关性(correlation)、角二阶矩(ASM)进行了预测。结果表明,纹理特征受环境影响敏感度依次为基质水分、光合有效辐射、空气湿度或有效积温。对比RF模型和SVR模型,发现在不同环境因子输入条件下,RF模型均优于SVM模型,其中输入全部环境因子后RF模型的预测精度最高,对比度、熵、角二阶矩的模拟精度均达到了0.90,分别为R~2=0.945(RMSE=0.243)、R~2=0.940(RMSE=0.235)、R~2=0.934(RMSE=0.248)。上述结果表明,RF模型对于网纹甜瓜纹理特征具有较好的预测结果,本研究结果可为温室网纹甜瓜栽培过程中的质量监控和栽培管理提供全新的思路。 相似文献
5.
Gianluigi Mazza Alessandro Elio Agnelli Maria Costanza Andrenelli Alessandra Lagomarsino 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(5):654-667
GHGs production and emission may vary depending on soil physical properties, water management and fertilization. Two paddy soils characterized by different texture were incubated to evaluate the impact of flooding (permanent or intermittent) and N addition on potential N2O, CH4 and CO2 production and release into atmosphere and soil solution. Relationships with volumetric water content (VWC) and water filled pore space (WFPS) were evaluated. Overall, the finer clayey soil (CL) produced 58% more CH4 than the coarser sandy soil (SA) and showed an earlier sink to source transition; the difference was lower with N addition. Permanent flooding favoured the amount of dissolved CH4. SA produced more N2O emissions than CL under permanent flooding (31.0 vs. 3.7%); an opposite pattern was observed for dissolved N2O (16.4 vs. 52.7%). Fertilization increased N2O emissions under dry conditions in CL and under flooding in SA.
Our findings showed that i) VWC had a larger influence on N2O and CH4 emissions than WFPS, ii) soil type influenced the gas release into atmosphere or soil solution and the timing of sink to source transition in CH4 emissions. Further investigation on timing of fertilization and drainage are needed to improve climate change mitigation strategies. 相似文献
6.
With the large-scale cultivation of transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal toxin in the world, the problem of environmental safety caused by these Bt crops has received extensive attention. The effects of soil organic matter (SOM) on the adsorption and insecticidal activity of Bt toxin in variable- and constant-charge soils (red and brown soils, respectively) were studied. Organic carbon in the soils was removed using hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2). After H_2O_2 treatment, the SOM in the red and brown soils decreased by 71.26% and 82.82%, respectively. Mineral composition of the H_2O_2-treated soils showed no significant changes,but soil texture showed a slight change. After SOM removal, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH decreased, while the specific surface area (SSA), point of zero charge (PZC), and zeta potential increased. The adsorption isotherm experiment showed that the Bt toxin adsorption on the natural and H_2O_2-treated soils fitted both the Langmuir model (R~2≥ 0.985 7) and the Freundlich model (R~2≥ 0.984 1), and the amount of toxin adsorbed on the H_2O_2-treated soils was higher than that on the natural soils. There was a high correlation between the maximum adsorption of Bt toxin and the PZC of soils (R~2= 0.935 7); thus, Bt toxin adsorption was not only influenced by SOM content, but also by soil texture, as well as the SSA, CEC, PZC, and zeta potential. The LC_(50) (lethal concentration required to kill 50% of the larvae) values for Bt toxin in the H_2O_2-treated soils were slightly lower than those in the natural soils, suggesting that the environmental risk from Bt toxin may increase if SOM decreases. As the measurement of insecticidal activity using insects is expensive and time consuming, a rapid and convenient in vitro method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays is recommended for evaluating Bt toxin degradation in soils in future studies. 相似文献
7.
8.
研究煤矸石组分及表土质地对煤矸石重构土壤导气率的影响,探讨重构土壤这种差异显著的非均质土壤导气内在机理,为进一步研究复杂的非均质土壤导气特性提供理论基础。通过在煤矸石中掺杂不同粒径碎石来改变其组分,并利用3种不同质地的土壤在土柱内进行土壤剖面重构,采用一维瞬态法测量其导气率。结果表明:(1)不同碎石粒径和质量分数对混合基质饱和含水量影响不同,掺杂2~5mm粒径碎石,随着质量分数的增加,饱和含水量逐渐增加,从7.29%增加到12.9%;掺杂5~10mm粒径碎石,饱和含水量随着质量分数的增加先增加后减少,分别为7.28%,8.5%,6.9%。(2)煤矸石的导气率远大于土壤,并且煤矸石的导气率对水分的敏感度随质量含水量的增加而增加,而土壤的导气率对水分变化的敏感度均随质量含水量的增加而降低。(3)碎石的存在为大孔隙的产生创造条件的同时也会减少了土壤通气断面,阻隔空气传输的通道。(4)重构土壤导气率受表土质地和底部填充介质的共同影响,覆土土壤导气率决定了重构土壤的导气率大小,而充填基质导气率决定了充填介质对重构土壤导气率影响的系数(Ska)。Ska与充填介质导气率呈显著相关,可以通过指数函数进行拟合(R2=0.93)。通过充填介质及覆土土壤的导气率可以对重构土壤导气率进行估算,简化了重构土壤导气率的测定过程。 相似文献
9.
风干牦牛肉加工过程中水分状态变化及质构相关性分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
为研究风干牦牛肉在加工过程中水分迁移规律,以及与组织结构和质构之间的相关性,该文选取甘肃甘南公牦牛半膜肌,在自然风干60 d中采集样本,采用直接干燥法分析风干牦牛肉含水率的变化,水分活度仪、低场核磁共振仪研究水分活度和水分状态,(hematoxylin-eosinstaining,HE)染色法观察组织结构变化,物性测试仪分析质构特性。结果显示,牦牛肉在风干加工60 d过程中,含水率降低了约60.27%,最终水分活度约达到0.308,降低了约66.73%。30 d时不易流动水峰积分面积降低了约98.12%,40 d后无峰出现,而结合水含量基本不变。随含水率的降低,肌原纤维横截面积、肌纤维直径以及肌间距离均显著降低(P0.05),分别降低了约42.65%、67.15%和61.22%。硬度、内聚性、胶着性和咀嚼性显著升高(P0.05),其中咀嚼性增加了约1 229.16 g,弹性及回复力则显著降低(P0.05)。不易流动水的变化与组织结构及质构各指标间均表现出极显著相关关系(P0.01)。表明牦牛肉在自然冷冻风干过程中不易流动水不断向外扩散蒸发,引起牦牛肉肌纤维收缩和聚集,导致其质构特性发生变化。研究结果可为传统风干牦牛肉加工过程中水分迁移机制以及产品品质控制提供参考。 相似文献
10.
Wen-Li Wang Wei-Hua Chen Hong-Yu Tian 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2018,27(5):609-618
Due to the ambient temperature fluctuation during the process of storage, transportation, and sale, frozen fillets may go through frozen-thawed cycles that result in quality changes. In order to detect the frozen-thawed cycles in frozen tilapia fillets, near infrared spectroscopy was applied. The thawing loss, cooking loss, moisture content, total volatile basic nitrogen, and texture profile of fillets in seven frozen-thawed cycles were analyzed to reflect the change of quality. A total of 60 fillets were used to collect the spectra on both dorsal and belly flesh in frozen and thawed state from the first to the seventh cycle. The results showed that there is a better discrimination among the once and the repeated frozen-thawed samples in the frozen state than the thawed state. Frozen samples were still conducive to the differentiation and had higher classification accuracy, ranging from 80% to 93.33%. Dorsal flesh was more beneficial for the differentiation than belly flesh and had the highest accuracy, ranging from 86.67% to 93.33% in the frozen state. These results showed that the nondestructive and fast detection of repeated frozen-thawed cycles in frozen tilapia fillets can be accomplished by near infrared spectroscopy, which has enormous potential for practical application. 相似文献