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Zhuoxiao Wang;Daming Yang;Xin Peng;Heng Chang;Wei Dai;Yi Zeng;Lingshan Ni;Lei Deng;Nufang Fang; 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2024,35(9):3181-3190
The widespread adoption of large-scale machines has led to a significant shift in terrace construction methods, transitioning from manual labor to mechanical processes. Mechanical terracing, by deeply disturbing the surface and compaction of the soil, has resulted in significant variations in both the soil physicochemical properties (SPCs) and soil infiltration properties (SIPs). However, few studies have been carried out to investigate the impact mechanisms of mechanical terracing on soils. In this study, we conducted detailed field experiments to determine the effects of mechanical terracing on SPCs and SIPs. The results showed that mechanical terracing increased soil compaction and decreased soil porosity and organic matter compared to manual terracing. Moreover, mechanical terracing had lower initial and steady infiltration rates than manual terracing (decreasing by 2.60% and 18.59%, respectively). However, initial and steady infiltration rates significantly improved compared to sloped land, increasing by 20.82% and 54.68%, respectively. The partial least squares path model indicated that bulk weight, organic matter content, and soil texture were the dominant influencing factors of SIPs. The results underscore the critical need to incorporate distinctions between various terrace construction methods into hydrological models for more accurate predictions. 相似文献
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以重庆缙云山山地黄壤为研究对象,在山地同侧但不同高程的地带,分别选取撂荒地和坡耕地2种土地利用类型地块共6块,对比分析其坡改梯工程前后土壤水库库容变化以及坡改梯区域土壤水库对削洪减灾的作用,并对小流域治理惯用的坡改梯工程的理水功能进行评价。结果表明:(1)坡改梯前后,梯地内土壤水库各项库容变化主要受土层厚度变化影响,但在绝对土层不变的情况下,库容大小在一定程度上受到坡改梯前的土地利用方式影响;(2)土壤水库特性与坡改梯引起的土壤性质变化有关,特别是与土壤孔隙、质地相关指标有关;(3)在百年一遇的设计暴雨条件下,用简化的概念型产流模型进行模拟,发现坡改梯能在理论上削减30%以上的径流,对农业区域旱涝灾害防治有重要作用。 相似文献
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研究筛选适合庄浪县高标准农田推广种植的小麦品种,加快小麦品种更新换代,为当地粮食增产增收和粮食安全提供坚实保障。以陇鉴120为对照品种,对16个冬小麦品种的经济性状、抗性进行了比较分析。结果表明,西农158、12164-4-1-5、兰天58号、中梁48号、泰科麦50、烟农1212、庄浪17、12437、13288比对照品种陇鉴120分别增产27.84%、15.78%、14.85%、8.53%、5.10%、4.64%、4.18%、1.39%、1.16%,其余品种均较对照品种减产。其中12164-4-1-5、兰天58号、中梁48号、庄浪17、12437分蘖力强,穗粒数、千粒重较高,株高适中,具有较好的丰产性,并表现抗倒伏、耐旱、耐寒的特性,可在庄浪县高标准农田大面积推广种植。西农158性状优良,丰产性好,抗倒且抗寒,高抗白粉病,但较感条锈病,宜小面积搭配种植。 相似文献
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退耕坡地是近年来黄土高原整治生态环境和控制水土流失的关键措施,但对于如何退耕,学术界存在多种不同观点,实践方面存在多种不同模式。以延安燕沟流域坡改梯为例,利用2005年延安站的逐日气象数据和燕沟流域地貌、土壤及土地利用等资料,借助WIN-YIELD软件,对不同地形坡度条件下坡改梯在作物增产、保水减沙效益以及燕沟流域坡改梯实践效果进行模拟、对比和实证分析。结果表明:地形坡度越大,坡改梯作物增产、保水和减沙效益越显著;坡度小于5°的坡耕地可以不进行梯田改造,坡度大于15°的坡耕地应及早实施坡改梯或退耕还林(草)。 相似文献
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农耕地坡改梯增值评价 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
农耕地坡改梯作为一种有效的水土保持技术和农业生产技术措施,可治理水土流失,保护水土资源,改善农业生产环境,提高耕地质量,提高土地产出率和劳动率。以开县竹溪镇移民生态村坡改梯工程建设为例,利用收益还原法计算比较坡改梯前后农耕地价格的变化,以此揭示坡改梯水保工程的增值性。 相似文献
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G. sepium and C. spectabilis hedgerows were established on slopes ranging from 18 to 31% in an effort to reduce soil erosion and improve upland rice and maize production. Upland rice and maize responded more to soil incorporated G. sepium biomass than to mulched, C. spectibilis. Incorporating hedgerow biomass equivalent to over 40 kg N per hectare, however, did not increase upland rice productivity. Maize, planted during the drought-prone second season, responded more than did rice to mulching. Crop performance improved along the slope gradient. Hedgerow-crop competition was observed at the upper and lower interfaces. Terracing intensified hedgerow-crop competition at the upper interface by reducing the crop's effective rooting depth. Under prevailing climatic and soil conditions, mixed hedgerows of C. spectabilis and G. sepium initially produced approximately 7 tons of fresh biomass per hectare every 3 months. Four years after hedgerow establihment, however C. spectabilis biomass was chlorotic and considerable mortality was observed, suggesting that C. spectabilis may be depleting soil N reserves. 相似文献
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典型岩溶坡面土壤水分的空间变异研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选取典型岩溶区顺坡和土地整理后的坡改梯土壤水分空间分布为研究对象,应用地统计学与GIS技术,将土壤水分室内布点和实地监测相结合,对果化示范区进行两个坡面的网格布点和坡面土壤水分空间变异研究.结果表明:顺坡地和土地整理后的坡改梯两个坡地的空间分布存在一定程度的全局空间正相关;两个坡地的空间聚集区和空间孤立区呈现出类似的高-高集聚和低-低集聚明显,而孤立区零星分布的特征;两个坡地均符合球状模型,顺坡地的土壤水分受坡面情况的影响较大;土地整理后的坡改梯土壤水分主要受地形条件和人为因素共同作用的影响;顺坡和土地整理坡地的土壤水分的最小空间变程分别约为90 m和135 m,可作为不同类型坡面土壤水分样点间隔的布设依据.研究结果对于指导典型岩溶区农业生产、保障区域土壤资源可持续合理利用具有重要的理论意义和参考价值. 相似文献
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Q. X. XU T. W. Wang C. F. CAI Z. X. Li Z. H. SHI 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2012,23(1):34-42
Mountain region citrus production systems occupy large parts of the landscape prone to soil erosion in the Three‐Gorges Area of China. Several soil conservation measures, such as terracing hedgerows, are widely implemented in citrus orchards to control soil erosion. However, little is known about the effect of those measures on soil properties. The objective of this work was to analyse the changes of soil properties in citrus orchards subjected to different conservation measures. Experiments were conducted in four plots: control plot (SC, sloping orchard without conservation measures), sloping orchard with contour hedgerows (SCH), terraced orchard (TC) and terraced orchard with grass cover (TCG). Samples of soil surface from 0 to 15 cm were collected to analyse texture, bulk density (BD), aggregate stability, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil organic matter (SOM) and soil nutrients. The spatial variability of those properties was also evaluated at slope and field scales. The results showed that the three conservation measures significantly increased saturated hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability, SOM and available N, P, K, but decreased BD. The terracing with grass cover measures were the most effective in improving soil fertility among the three measures. The average SOM, available P, N, K in TCG were 0·27, 0·50, 1·74 and 1·72 and these rates are larger than for the in SC. Compared to SC, silt content was increased the SCH, while clay content was increased with TC and TCG. There was a downslope increase in clay content and total N but a decrease in gravels in the SC plot. However, that trend did not exist in the other plots. At the field scale, the soil aggregate stability and total nitrogen were significantly higher near the hedgerow under SCH, and the available N was significantly higher in the middle position under TC; the other soil properties had no significant trends based on the distance to hedgerow or stone bunds. Results of this study will contribute to a further understanding of the environmental influence of soil conservation measures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Raj Kumar Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj Battu Krishna Rao Anand Kumar Vishwakarma Pratap Ray Bhatnagar Sridhar Patra Gopal Kumar Vijaysinha Kakade Dhakshanamoorthy Dinesh Vinod Chandra Pande Gaurav Singh Sneha Dobhal Narinder Kumar Sharma 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2021,32(1):101-111
Globally, ravine landscapes are considered among the world's most degraded ecosystems. Restoring ravines is considered a high priority item in the conservation programmes, and tree establishment augmented with appropriate soil and water conservation measures is the most sought‐after restoration strategy. This study examined the impact of terracing and trenching on runoff, soil loss, and soil properties along with Sapota (Achras zapota) growth, fruit yield, biomass and carbon stock during 6 years (2010–2015) in a degraded ravine land of Western India. The four soil and water conservation strategies tested were (1) bench terracing + Sapota (Bt), (2) bench terracing + Sapota with crop cultivation (BtCr), (3) continuous slope + Sapota (Sl), and (4) continuous slope + Sapota with trenches (SlTr). All conservation techniques increased Sapota height (Bt: 54%; BtCr: 27%; SlTr: 35%) and basal diameter (Bt: 36%; BtCr: 18%; StCr: 22%) compared to Sl. Biomass and carbon stock of Sapota were in the order of Bt > SlTr > BtCr > Sl. During the droughtperiod, fruit yield was highest in Bt followed by BtCr, SlTr, and least in Sl. The treatment SlTr and Bt reduced runoff by 16–34% and soil loss by 15–25%, compared to Sl. The growth and biomass were strongly correlated with soil loss. The findings suggested that bench terracing is the best soil and water conservation measure for restoring highly degraded ravines of Western India. Under circumstances where terracing is not feasible, trenching could be a significant step along with Sapota plantation to restore these ravines. 相似文献