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1.
生物炭与化肥互作对土壤含水率与番茄产量的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
为探明生物炭与化肥互作对番茄土壤含水率与及产量的影响,试验设置5个生物炭水平0t/hm~2(B1)、10t/hm~2(B2)、20t/hm~2(B3)、40t/hm~2(B4)、60t/hm~2(B5)和2个化肥水平中肥(F1)和低肥(F2)。结果表明:0~20cm土层土壤含水率均随生物炭施用量增加呈现增大趋势。在番茄生长阶段,0~20cm低炭处理土壤含水率与对照相比增幅在10%以内,高炭处理增幅达40%。20~40cm土壤含水率与0~20cm变化规律恰好相反,与对照相比施炭处理土壤含水率均呈下降趋势。其中B4F1和B4F2含水率最小,为对照的70%。施加生物炭后土壤含水率变化幅度(Ka)和变异程度(Cv)减弱。同一深度土壤随着施炭量增加Ka和Cv均减小。与对照相比较高施炭处理(B4F1、B4F2、B5F1、B5F2)变异系数Cv相对较小。随着番茄生长土壤水分在垂直剖面影响表现为较高施炭量(B4F1、B4F2、B5F1、B5F2)能有效保持耕作层有效水分,与对照相比差异显著。随着施炭量增加番茄产量增幅出现先升高后降低趋势,且均高于对照。B4F1、B4F2、B5F1、B5F2分别增幅46.34%、58.61%、49.63%和39.18%,其中B4F2产量最高。同一施炭不同施肥处理间差异不显著。研究成果可为内蒙古半干旱地区农业生产提供依据。  相似文献   
2.
试验旨在探讨日粮钙水平对空怀期云南半细毛羊生长性能、配种前血清生化指标和繁殖相关激素的影响,为开展空怀期云南半细毛羊营养需要量研究提供参考。选用50只体况良好、体重相近、38月龄的经产2胎空怀云南半细毛羊,随机均分为5组,分别饲喂0.40%(无外源钙)、0.45%、0.53%、0.66%、0.85%5个钙水平的日粮。预试期14d,正试期30d。结果表明:0.53%钙水平组云南半细毛羊的总增重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、耗料增重比等指标相对优于其他组;0.40%钙水平日粮组的血清钙最高,血清碱性磷酸酶、甲状旁腺素、钙、磷组间差异不显著(P>0.05);繁殖相关激素各组间表现不一,0.40%钙水平组雌二醇水平最高(P>0.05)。在日粮磷水平为0.20%水平条件下,0.53%钙水平组的空怀期云南半细毛羊表现出较好的生长性能,可为临配种前生理生化和激素水平提供较好准备;增加日粮钙水平,未见对以上指标有明显的正向增强作用,可能与日粮钙磷比失衡有关。  相似文献   
3.
烤烟叶片不同区位半挥发性有机酸含量的变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
【目的】研究烟叶不同区位半挥发性有机酸含量的差异,探索烟叶分切加工的化学物质基础,为烤烟原料的分切加工提供参考。【方法】以河南浓香型初烤烟叶为材料,从叶尖到叶基分切成10段(HN-1~HN-10),利用单因素方差分析、相关回归分析研究叶片不同区位半挥发性有机酸含量的变化,并基于半挥发性有机酸含量对不同区位进行聚类分析。【结果】烟叶不同区位半挥发性有机酸总量平均为12.43 mg/g,变幅为9.01~20.56 mg/g,各组分平均含量表现为:亚麻酸(5.59 mg/g)棕榈酸(2.83 mg/g)亚油酸(2.04 mg/g)油酸(1.02 mg/g)硬脂酸(0.89 mg/g)十五酸(0.06 mg/g)。棕榈酸、亚油酸以及半挥发性有机酸总量在不同区位间的差异达到极显著水平。棕榈酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸以及半挥发性有机酸总量与区位(HN-1→HN-10)呈极显著负相关关系。从叶尖到叶基,亚油酸和亚麻酸呈逐渐降低的抛物线型变化,棕榈酸和半挥发性有机酸总量呈先增加后降低的抛物线型变化。基于半挥发性有机酸含量的不同区位聚类结果表明,不同区位聚为3段,第1段叶尖部(HN-1~HN-5)半挥发性有机酸含量为12.83 mg/g,第2段叶中部(HN-6~HN-8)半挥发性有机酸含量为12.30 mg/g,第3段叶基部(HN-9~HN-10)半挥发性有机酸含量为11.61 mg/g。【结论】不同区位的半挥发性有机酸含量存在较大差异,且从叶尖到叶基呈规律性变化;烟叶HN-2~HN-5区位工业可用性相对较高。  相似文献   
4.
为探讨60Co-γ射线对不同庭院月季品种扦插苗的辐射诱变效应,以粉扇、金凤凰、梅朗口红、紫袍玉带、安吉拉、粉色达芬奇、你的眼睛、香槟和九重香9个庭院月季品种的扦插苗为研究对象,60Co-γ射线为辐照源,设置不同剂量(0、25、45、60、80 Gy)进行辐射处理,测定了死亡率、萌芽率、变异率和主要的形态指标。结果表明,随着辐射剂量增加,月季扦插苗平均死亡率逐渐增加,从33.61%(0 Gy)上升至79.71%(80 Gy);植株生长受到显著抑制,植株变异率呈先升高后降低的趋势,辐射剂量为45 Gy时,植株变异率达到最高,占总体变异率(4.20‰)的64.70%。此外,不同品种月季对60Co-γ射线辐射的敏感性不同,半致死辐射剂量也存在差异,其有效值介于26~55 Gy之间。综合60Co-γ射线对月季扦插苗死亡率、生长势和变异率的影响,推荐庭院月季扦插苗的最适辐射剂量为45 Gy,这为月季辐射育种提供了理论基础。  相似文献   
5.
Biogas production from grassland biomass harvested during landscape management may help to maintain species‐rich grassland biotopes, but extensive management and late harvests often result in low‐quality biomass. Biogas production from the vegetation of Alopecuretum pratensis, Molinietum caeruleae and Caricetum gracilis, three typical grassland biotopes in north German nature reserves, was investigated in relation to harvest date. In addition, the A. pratensis vegetation was investigated for ensiling and the application of bacterial silage additives. Results indicate that biogas production might be a reasonable utilization pathway for grassland biomass from landscape management if the first cut occurs up to late summer. Methane yields of grassland biomass decreased substantially with later harvest, from up to 309 lN kg?1 organic dry matter (ODM) in May to below 60 lN kg?1 ODM in February, in correlation with increasing crude fibre contents. Caricetum gracilis vegetation was the least suitable feedstock for biogas production. It showed a rapid decline in methane yields with later harvest and 25% lower methane yields compared with other types of grassland vegetation. Application of silage additives is recommended for adequate preservation of grassland biomass from landscape management by ensiling. Addition of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria improved acidification during ensiling if sufficient fermentable sugar was available. The use of inoculant and molasses enhanced methane yields by 3–55%. Additional carbohydrate source is necessary to ensure proper ensilage when grasses are harvested after late autumn.  相似文献   
6.
以71-3-150、GM256、SH6及M9 4种苹果(Malus)矮化砧木的1年生枝条为试材,进行-20℃、-25℃、-30℃、-35℃、-40℃低温处理,用电导法配合Logistic方程,求得拐点温度(LT50)即半致死温度,并对其电导率、可溶性蛋白含量和POD酶活性等指标进行了测定比较。结果表明:测得的电解质渗出率呈典型的S型曲线,与相应的低温呈极显著负相关;71-3-150、GM256、SH6及M9的半致死温度分别为-40.63℃、-39.29℃、-34.10℃、-30.10℃;抗寒性强的71-3-150和GM256能保持较高的可溶性蛋白含量和POD酶活性。  相似文献   
7.
An ecological risk assessment was undertaken using productivity‐susceptibility analysis (PSA) to determine the relative vulnerability of 52 species caught by fisheries in the waters off eastern Taiwan. Overall, eight and 20 species were classified as having high and moderate vulnerability, respectively, and the remaining 24 species were classified as having low vulnerability. The species with the highest vulnerability scores were caught mainly by longline and gillnet fisheries, highlighting the need for improved data collection to facilitate a more detailed investigation using more quantitative methods. The data quality analysis indicated that the quality of data was classified as “moderate” for economically important species. However, many species were considered data‐limited and thus collecting high‐resolution catch and effort information and conducting biological studies, especially relating to age, growth and reproduction, are recommended to improve the reliability of outputs from data‐limited assessments such as PSA.  相似文献   
8.
Rodents influence plant establishment and regeneration by functioning as both seed predators and dispersers. However, these rodent–plant interactions can vary significantly due to various environmental conditions and the activity of other insect seed predators. Here, we use a combination of both field and enclosure (i.e. individual cage and semi‐natural enclosure) experiments, to determine whether rodents can distinguish sound seeds from those infested with insects. We also demonstrate how such responses to insects are influenced by food abundance and other environmental factors. We presented rodents with 2 kinds of Quercus aliena seeds (sound and insect‐infested seeds) in a subtropical forest in the Qinling Mountains, central China, from September to November of 2011 to 2013. The results showed that rodents preferred to hoard and eat sound seeds than infested seeds in the field and semi‐natural enclosure, while they preferred to eat infested seeds over sound seeds in the individual cages. In addition, both hoarding and eating decisions were influenced by food abundance. Rodents hoarded more sound seeds in years of high food abundance while they consumed more acorns in years of food shortage. Compared with field results, rodents reduced scatter‐hoarding behavior in semi‐natural enclosures and ate more insect‐infested seeds in smaller individual cages. These results further confirm that rodents distinguish infested seeds from non‐infested seeds but demonstrate that this behavior varies with conditions (i.e. environment and food abundance). We suggest that such interactions will influence the dispersal and natural regeneration of seeds as well as predation rates on insect larvae.  相似文献   
9.
A four‐and‐a‐half months study was conducted in nine earthen ponds to evaluate the addition of different supplemental feeds as a management tool for enhancing natural food availability and common carp growth, while maintaining optimal water quality in the semi‐intensive system. Three supplemental feeds were used: commercial extruded and pelleted feed with 25% protein and 7% fat and cereals. The type of supplemental feed did not influence water quality, except hardness, but significantly affected abundance of cyanobacteria, natural food availability and common carp growth. The use of pelleted feed was related to the lowest abundance of cyanobacteria in the ponds. For the two groups of large zooplankton, Cladocera and Copepoda, abundances were higher in the ponds with pelleted feed compared with the ponds where cereals and extruded feed were used. The abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in the treatment with pelleted feed was three times higher than in the other two treatments. The results of this study indicate that pelleted feed can help farmers not only as a source of nutrients for carp growth but also indirectly as a management tool for maintaining ecological stability and control of cyanobacterial bloom in ponds.  相似文献   
10.
The semi‐intensive system of common carp monoculture in earthen ponds is currently the most practiced fish rearing system in several countries in Eastern Europe. This system is based on the addition of supplemented feed to ponds to achieve faster growth. In this study, the general state of the fish health was monitored when three different types of feeds were used: grain cereals (CF), commercial pelleted feed and extruded feed. The markers used were: (i) the histopathological index (HP) of the main organs: gills, liver and kidney; and (ii) the histomorphometric parameters of the hepatocytes and enterocytes to assess the state of the digestive system in fish fed different types of supplemented feed. At the end of the experiment, the fish were in good health, since irreversible lesions were not noticed to a greater extent in any of the fish organs. There were also no other severe lesions present. However, the results showed differences in the HP indices of the liver and gills, as well as the total HP index, indicating a better health status of the fish in the CF group. The histomorphometric results showed larger cytoplasmic areas of hepatocytes in fish fed CF, which is attributed to glycogen accumulation and higher numbers of goblet cells in the distal intestines of fish fed compound feeds. This can be attributed to slight inflammation.  相似文献   
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