池塘养殖条件下当年口虾蛄生长特性的研究

为了了解口虾蛄在池塘养殖条件下的生长规律,并为其规模化生产提供科学依据。在水温15℃~31℃条件下,通过测量体重、体长等指标,对当年口虾蛄的生长特性进行了研究。结果表明:（1）30日龄口虾蛄经100天培育后,体长从(8.20 ± 0.45)cm增至(11.79 ± 0.67)cm,日均增长0.036 cm,体重从(7.14 ± 1.17)g增至(20.54 ± 3.44)g,日均增重0.134 g。（2）当年口虾蛄的体重与体长的拟合方程为W=0.016L^2.879(R²=0.978),其b值接近于3;体长、体重与养殖日龄的最佳方程均为指数函数。（3）当年口虾蛄的肥满度在30日龄时最高,90日龄最低,肥满度与养殖水温没有明显相关关系;在水温23℃以上时,口虾蛄的瞬时增长率、瞬时增重率指标逐渐升高并在90日龄达到最大值。综上所述,口虾蛄在池塘养殖条件下生长效果良好,其体长与体重的生长基本同步,适宜进行规模化人工养殖。     

新疆红花地方种种子含油率与主要农艺性状间的灰色关联分析

为了新疆红花地方种高油品种的选育和改良提供科学数据,本研究采用灰色关联分析法,在新疆农业科学院综合试验场对来自新疆的51份红花材料的种子含油率与主要农艺性状进行分析。结果表明,新疆红花地方种的种子含油率与12个主要农艺性状的关联顺序为单株果球数>株高>三级有效分枝数>顶果球着粒数>节间长度>皮壳率>千粒重>生育期>一级有效分枝数>二级有效分枝数>分枝总数>节间数,表明单株果球数、株高、三级有效分枝数是影响新疆红花地方种种子含油率的重要因素。因此,在新疆红花地方种培育高油品种时,应优先考虑单株果球数,株高和三级有效分枝数等指标。本研究结果为培育高油红花提供科学参考数据。     

南洋楹无性系抗寒性研究

【目的】南洋楹属典型热带树种,抗寒性较差,严重制约其推广应用。开展南洋楹无性系抗寒性评价,对于提高其造林成效、拓广其栽培区域具有重要意义。【方法】以生长较好的9个南洋楹无性系组培苗为研究对象,通过系列低温处理,观测幼苗叶片形态变化,分析测定叶片相对电导率(REC)、脯氨酸(PRO)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,揭示南洋楹无性系在低温胁迫下的生理响应,并进行无性系抗寒性评价。【结果】在2℃时,所有无性系均出现不同程度落叶;0℃时所有无性系均出现顶芽死亡,其抗寒性差异主要表现在0~2℃温度区间;9个无性系的REC随温度降低呈单调上升和先上升后下降再上升的2种变化趁势,属于后者的无性系抗寒性更强,0℃下S5、S7的REC最低;PRO含量随温度降低整体上呈现递增趁势,TL18、S7、S5、A8的PRO含量增幅最大,均在1倍以上;SOD活性在同一温度下无性系之间差异显著,但随温度降低无明显变化规律。应用REC进行聚类分析,将9个无性系分为3类,S7、S5、TL18抗寒性最强,A8抗寒性最差,其它6个无性系抗寒性居中。【结论】建议生产上推广S7、S5和TL18无性系。     

汽车变速器齿轮修形仿真分析

汽车变速器的关键部件齿轮因其加工和装配质量的影响,工作时容易引起振动噪声大及承载能力降低等问题,而齿轮修形是解决这些问题的有效方法,且成本较低。针对某款汽车变速器,利用Romax对齿轮进行修形分析。结果表明,修形后减小了齿轮的传动误差和最大接触应力,齿面载荷分布更加合理。有效改善了齿轮的传动性能,增加了齿轮寿命。     

Early interspecific dynamics,dry matter production and nitrogen use in Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium) – alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixed intercropping

ABSTRACT

The global interest in growing perennial grain crops such as intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) (Kernza) for production of food and feed is increasing. Intercropping Kernza with legumes may be a sustainable way of supplying nitrogen to soil and associated intercrop. We determined the competitive interactions between intercropped Kernza (K) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (A) under three inorganic nitrogen (N) rates N0, N1, N2 (0, 200, 400 kg ha^?1) and five species relative frequencies (SRF) (100%K:0%A, 75%K:25%A, 50%K:50%A, 25%K:75%A and 0% K:100%A) in mixed intercrops (MI) in a greenhouse pot experiment. After 11 weeks of growth. Kernza dry matter yield (DM) and N accumulated (NACC) were low, but alfalfa DM and NACC high at 0 kg N ha^?1. 200 and 400 kg N ha^?1 fertiliser application increased the competitive ability (CA) of Kernza and reduced the CA of alfalfa. SRF had large impacts on alfalfa DM, NACC and NFIX only at 0 kg N ha^?1 fertiliser, and insignificant impacts on Kernza at all N fertiliser levels, indicating that adjustment of SRF may not be an effective way to modulate the interspecific competition of Kernza. Further research on the other factors that influence the interspecific competition are warranted.     

茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生理生化的化感效应

为研究茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生长与生理生化的化感效应,以模拟自然条件下雨雾淋溶方式,采用不同浓度的茶树凋落叶浸提液(CK:0 mg·mL^-1、T1:6.25 mg·mL^-1、T2:12.5 mg·mL^-1、T3:25 mg·mL^-1 和T4:50 mg·mL^-1)处理菘蓝,测定其生长、抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达量、细胞膜损伤率以及丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、渗透调节物质和次生代谢物含量的变化。结果表明,茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生长表现出“低促高抑”的浓度效应,与CK相比,T1对菘蓝生长具有一定的促进作用,而浸提液浓度超过菘蓝的耐受阈值时,会对其生长产生不利的影响。随着浸提液浓度的升高,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,而脯氨酸含量则持续增加。与CK相比,T1的MDA含量、细胞膜损伤率和H₂O含量差异不显著,而T3、T4则显著升高。茶树凋落叶浸提液对抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达有不同的影响,T1的过氧化物酶(POD)与抗坏血酸氧化物酶(APX)活性最高,T2的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高,而T3、T4的4种抗氧化酶活性均显著低于CK。T1的Pod、Cat、Apx基因表达量最高,而T4则抑制了抗氧化酶基因的表达。此外,POD活性与其基因表达量呈显著正相关,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、CAT和APX活性与其基因表达量的相关性不显著。不同浓度的茶树凋落叶浸提液对于菘蓝次生代谢物质积累的影响存在显著差异,低浓度茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生长、靛蓝和靛玉红含量积累有促进作用,而高浓度茶树凋落叶浸提液对总黄酮含量积累有一定的促进作用。本研究结果可为幼龄茶园中茶树-菘蓝复合种植提供理论参考。     

Rodent abundance triggered switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system of the subtropical island forest

Density-dependent non-monotonic species interactions are important in maintaining ecosystem stability and function, but empirical evidences are still rare. Rodents, as both seed dispersers and seed predators, have dual effects on plant regeneration and may result in non-monotonic rodent-plant interactions. According to the non-monotonic models, the relative positive or negative effects of rodents on seedling establishment can be measured based on the positive or negative association of seedling recruitment rate and rodent abundance. In this study, we investigated the fates of acorns of Quercus serrata by tracking tagged seeds on 21 fragmented subtropical islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We found that the proportion of germinated seeds of all released seeds showed a dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed. The proportion of removed seeds and cached seeds showed a saturated- and a weak dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed, respectively. Our results demonstrated a clear empirical evidence that rodent abundance per seed triggered a switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system. Our study implied that the observed non-monotonic interactions between plants and animals may play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. We appeal for more investigations of the complex non-monotonic interactions in various ecosystems.     

ECMWF细网格对浙江沿海10 m风预报性能评估

为更好地开展浙江沿海海上大风的预报服务,本研究对2012年1月1日—2014年12月31日的ECMWF细网格10 m风场产品在浙江沿海的预报性能进行评估,并将其插值到沿海站点和观测数据进行对比分析。结果表明:冷空气影响下,浙江沿海的平均误差为负值,绝对误差分布和变化趋势与平均误差基本一致;台风影响下,24 h预报时效的平均误差为正值,随着预报时效的增加,平均误差逐渐转为负值,鱼山渔场、温台渔场及舟外渔场的绝对误差较其他区域大。另外,预报值和观测数据间的相关系数随预报时效的增加而减小,两者之间的相关系数平均值随海拔高度的增加而减小;ECMWF细网格对岱山和龙山村的预报偏大,对浪岗的预报偏小,预报偏差的离散度随预报时效增加而增大。     

Evaluating the relationship between yearling walleye,Sander vitreus,electrofishing catch‐per‐unit‐effort and density in northern Wisconsin lakes

Recruitment declines of walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), observed in some northern Wisconsin lakes have resulted in management actions to evaluate and rehabilitate populations. An effective index for estimating relative abundance of yearling walleye is required. The objectives herein were : (a) to evaluate the relationship between yearling walleye electrofishing CPUE and density in northern Wisconsin lakes; (b) to test for the influence of lake‐specific factors on electrofishing catchability of yearling walleye; and (c) to develop an index whereby electrofishing CPUE can be used to quantify yearling walleye relative abundance. Yearling density was significantly positively related to electrofishing CPUE on a long‐term dataset from Escanaba Lake as well as a dataset including several lakes combined. Electrofishing catchability of yearling walleye was negatively related to lake‐surface area but was not related to other lake‐specific variables. This index can provide an efficient method to continue monitoring natural recruitment and also to evaluate survival of stocked walleye.