基于健康安全的棕地再开发决策模型构建及模拟研究——以广东省F市为例

为提高棕地再开发决策的科学性与安全性，以“建设用地准入机制”和“土壤环境质量标准”等为指导思想和标准依据，结合环境、经济、社会和地块特征等因素，构建棕地再开发决策指标体系及决策模型，运用模糊综合法对目标地块拟开发方向进行决策模拟。以广东省F市土壤环境质量调查和土地利用规划数据为基础，结合“三旧改造”规划方案，测算土壤污染程度，采用ArcGIS进行可视化安全评估，对目标地块再开发方向进行决策模拟，并以变动权重组合进行验证。结果表明： 37%的棕地再开发方向需要修正，在各影响因子中，环境因素权重最大，地块特征其次，社会和经济因素最小。研究表明，模拟决策模型确定的土地分级分类风险管控措施对棕地再开发决策具有较好的指导作用。     

Design guidelines for the Dashilar,Beijing Open Green Space Redevelopment Project

When an urban redevelopment project is planned, the design needs to reflect the preferences of the users of the planned space. In China, however, the preferences of residents have rarely been reflected in projects dealing with public places such as open green spaces in urban settings. This paper employs three independent conjoint analyses covering components of open green space, including locational conditions, physical conditions, and greenery conditions in order to propose the most preferable design for a new open green space. The results of choice simulation showed that the users prefer the private garden style to the general public park style for the new open green space in Dashilar. Our research with three independent conjoint analyses is expected to provide specific guidelines for open green space design as a whole, which is intended to satisfy potential users of the space.     

基于DSR模型的煤矿废弃工业广场再开发时序评价体系

为提高煤矿废弃工业广场再开发效率,从"城市双修"视角出发,基于驱动力-状态-响应(driving force-state-response,DSR)模型框架,建立由3个一级指标、7个二级指标、16个三级指标组成的煤矿废弃工业广场再开发时序评价体系。以北京京西煤矿为例,采用赋值法进行指标量化分级,利用四象限法对驱动力D、状态S和响应R结果进行耦合处理。结果表明:长沟峪(D=3.818,S=3.848)、大台(D=3.732,S=4.603)和木城涧(D=2.646,S=4.522)划属近期开发;王平(D=4.240,S=3.187)、千军台(D=2.248,S=3.887)和大安山(D=1.792,S=4.39)划属中期开发;安家滩(D=2.118,S=1.464)和花坡根(D=2.798,S=1.907)划属远期开发。该时序评价体系将煤矿废弃工业广场再开发与城市发展紧密结合,以更全面的视角进行时序评价,准确性更高、适宜性更强,为同类型废弃工业广场再开发时序评价提供借鉴参考。     

基于GIS的水资源优化管理信息系统--以濮阳市水资源管理为例

结合GIS的功能和水资源管理的实际 ,通过河南濮阳市的应用实例 ,介绍了应用Arcview进行二次开发来构建水资源优化管理信息系统的方法、过程以及该系统的结构主要功能。该系统充分利用GIS强大的空间数据处理能力来管理水资源信息 ,并把泰森多边形法、水均衡法和水质综合评价模型融入到GIS中进行水资源管理 ,这种方法对其它中小城市水资源管理信息系统的建立具有借鉴意义。     

系统论视角下欠发达县域城镇低效用地识别与再开发策略

城镇低效用地识别与再开发研究对提升土地利用效率与促进城镇高质量发展具有重要意义。基于系统论视角以山西省山区贫困县榆社县中心城区为案例地，将影响低效用地形成因素归纳为内部性质和外部特征两个维度，构建因地制宜的城镇低效用地识别评价指标体系，利用组合矩阵模型划分城镇低效用地内-外部性组合指数等级，辨识欠发达县域城镇低效用地范围，并提出城镇低效用地再开发策略。结果表明：1）榆社县商业用地内-外部性指数等级分布较为均匀，工业用地内-外部性指数等级均集中于低等级，居住用地内-外部性指数等级存在一定差异，其中外部性指数等级以低等级为主，内部性指数等级则表现出低等级与高等级均匀分布的特征。2）榆社县最终确定城镇低效用地25块，商业和工业低效用地占比不到10%，空间分布较为零散，不具有典型的空间性；居住低效用地占低效用地比例的90.06%，主要集中分布于城镇边缘地带和中心区域，可见居住用地仍然是欠发达地区城镇低效用地再开发主体。3）城镇低效用地存在空间分布和用地类型双重差异性，榆社县城镇低效用地再开发需针对空间分布特征和内-外部性主导影响因素精准施策，促进区域新农村建设。     

不同区位棕地再利用方式探讨

选取位于县城、城乡结合部、矿区等地的典型棕地案例,利用GPS和Google Earth定位棕地位置,结合重心法、层次分析法、耕地地力评价等方法,探索不同区位棕地最佳的再利用方式,总结棕地再利用的规律。结果显示,县城棕地经济价值高,再利用方式首选为商业用地;城乡结合部棕地再利用方式有多种选择,利用层次分析法筛选出公共用地为最佳利用方式;矿区棕地应注重土地修复和耕地恢复。     

Experiments on Ecological Restoration of Coal Mine Spoil using Native Trees in a Dry Tropical Environment, India: A Synthesis

A series of experiments was conducted on the rehabilitation of mine spoil in a dry tropical region of India for determining the suitability of tree species for plantation, growth performance of selected indigenous species in monoculture and impact of the plantations on the restoration of biological fertility of soil. All of the 17 indigenous species examined could grow in the mine spoil and the growth of a majority of them could be improved by amending the mine spoil with NPK fertilizer. Direct seeding showed greatest height of Zizyphus jujuba and Pongamia pinnata on flat surface, and of Azadirachta indica on slope. In terms of diameter, Syzygium cumini performed best on flat surface and Terminalia arjuna on slope. Total biomass in plantations of selected native tree species on mine spoil at 5-yr age varied from 7.2 to 74.7 t ha⁻¹, being minimum for Shorea robusta and maximum for Dendrocalamus strictus. Total net production ranged from 3.5 (for Shorea robusta) to 32.0 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (for Dendrocalamus strictus), respectively. Microbial biomass in the redeveloping soil was lower compared to that in natural forest soil but immobilization of soil C in microbial biomass was greater in the mine spoil than in the natural forest. The study indicated that net primary production of the plantations was a function of the amount of foliage, soil C was a function of the amount of litter fall and biomass C was a function of soil C. Plantation of trees significantly accelerated the soil redevelopment process on the mine spoil.     

Plan and market mismatch: Urban redevelopment in Beijing during a period of transition

Abstract: With the emergence of the real estate market since 1990, the operation Beijing's economy has led to a re‐shaping of its inner city. By reviewing the Old and Dilapidated Housing Redevelopment (ODHR) programme in Beijing in the 1990s, this paper seeks to uncover the forces that led to the prevailing large‐scale urban redevelopment which induced serious environmental and socio‐economic problems. By analysing conflicts between major stakeholders of the ODHR programme, the paper finds that the root cause of these problems was embedded in the ‘mismatch of plan and market’ by which local officials and local developers utilised their privileges inherited from a planned economy to benefit from the emerging real estate markets. As a result, the hidden agenda of local elites was facilitated during the urban redevelopment process.     

上海市某大型再开发场地土壤重金属污染特征、评价及来源分析

[目的]研究土壤中重金属污染与生态风险状况,为保障城市更新改造过程中土地的合理利用提供科学依据。[方法]以上海市某大型再开发利用场地为研究对象,采集了102个点位的表层(0-0.5 m)和下层(1.5-2.0 m)土壤样品,测定10种重金属(As,Be,Cu,Pb,Ni,TI,Zn,Cd,Cr和Hg)浓度,采用地累积指数、内梅罗指数和潜在生态风险指数进行土壤重金属污染和生态风险评价,并进一步利用多元统计分析方法揭示土壤中重金属的来源情况。[结果]①测试土壤中重金属均未超过《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB36600-2018)第二类用地风险筛选值,但6.9%,24.5%,25.5%,37.3%和63.7%的采样点土壤中As,Cu,Pb,Zn和Hg浓度超过土壤元素背景值,存在不同程度的累积现象。内梅罗指数评价结果表明研究区域土壤整体处于尚清洁到轻度污染状态,分别有11.8%和3.84%的表层区域与2.64%和0.63%的下层区域土壤呈中度污染和重度污染状态。②表层土壤综合潜在生态风险指数均值为89.91,处于中等风险水平,Hg为研究区域主要的生态风险因子。③土壤中Ni,Cr,Be和TI浓度主要受成土母质风化作用的自然源控制,Pb,Zn,Cu,As和Hg主要受交通运输源和历史农业活动源的影响,其中自然源对表层土壤中的As和下层土壤中Cu也有相当比例的贡献,而表层土壤中Hg更多受到除交通运输源以外的其他人类活动源影响。[结论]后续土地利用过程应注重Hg的生态风险管控,并提高对外来交通源引起的重金属累积效应的关注。