Studies on Tomato Seedling Quality Indices Under Simulated Shipping and Storage Conditions

Indices of the tomato seedling quality maintenance level after production before field planting were studied through simulated experiments, small--scale operation, indoor analyses and measurements, and field observation. The results showed that under simulated shipping and storage conditions, seedling quality change following different durations (days) of shipping and storage was correlated significantly or even very significantly with certain physiological and morphological indices. With various measured indices following different periods of shipping and storage treatment subjected to multinomial successive regressive correlation analysis, the principal factors influencing seedling quality maintenance level are identified to be chlorophyll content→dry short weight→ leaf freshness index in order of their importance. Significance analysis with multinomial fitted equation indicated that correlations between any one of above three factors and the growth index after field planting reached very significant difference level.     

Stoffbildung, CO2-Gaswechsel, Kohlenhydrat- und Stickstoffgehalt von Winterweizen bei erhöhter CO2-Konzentration und Trocken-streß

Dry Matter Production, CO₂ Exchange, Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Content of Winter Wheat at Elevated CO₂ Concentration and Drought Stress
Methods of mathematical modelling and simulation are being used to an increasing degree in estimating the effects of rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration and changing climatic conditions on agricultural ecosystems. In this context, detailed knowledge is required about the possible effects on crop growth and physiological processes. To this aim, the influence of an elevated CO₂ concentration and of drought stress on dry matter production, CO₂ exchange, and on carbohydrate and nitrogen content was studied in two winter wheat varieties from shooting to milk ripeness. Elevated CO₂ concentration leads to a compensation of drought stress and at optimal water supply to an increase of vegetative dry matter and of yield to the fourfold value. This effects were caused by enhanced growth of secondary tillers which were reduced in plants cultivated at atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Analogous effects in the development of ear organs were influenced additionally by competitive interactions between the developing organs. The content and the mass of ethanol soluble carbohydrates in leaves and stems were increased after the CO₂ treatment and exhausted more completely during the grain filling period after drought stress. Plants cultivated from shooting to milk ripeness at elevated CO₂ concentration showed a reduced response of net photosynthesis rate to increasing CO₂ concentration by comparison with untreated plants. The rate of dark respiration was increased in this plants.     

甘肃地方苜蓿农家品种脯氨酸积累能力与抗旱性的研究

本文依据“脯氨酸维持积累时间”和“脯氨酸维持积累量”指标评介了四个甘肃地方苜蓿农家品种的抗旱能力。结果表明:敦煌苜蓿的抗旱能力高于会宁、秦安、灵台苜蓿,其中会宁苜蓿居二,灵台苜蓿抗旱性最差。这一抗旱排序与叶片相对含水量及气孔指标所得到的结果相一致。证明了“脯氨酸维持积累时间”和“脯氨酸维持积累量”可以作为首蓿抗旱性的鉴定指标。     

内蒙古旱作农区农业干旱灾害度初步研究

本文通过对旱作农区旱灾的孕实环境、旱灾特征及灾情分析，提出了一种综合评价旱灾对农业生产危害程度的定量化方法，并在此基础上对旱作农区各旗（县）进行灾情分区，从而为抗旱减灾提供理论依据。     

质膜内在蛋白ZmPIP1;1参与玉米耐旱性和光合作用的功能分析

质膜内在蛋白(plasma membrane intrinsic proteins, PIPs)是水通道蛋白主要亚家族成员之一,在植物生长发育过程中具有重要调节功能。前期研究表明,玉米ZmPIP1;1基因表达受到渗透和盐胁迫的强烈诱导,但其在玉米中的生物学功能尚不明确。本研究通过玉米遗传转化获得了ZmPIP1;1超表达转基因株系,干旱胁迫实验揭示了ZmPIP1;1超表达转基因株系较野生型具有较低的水分散失率及较强的干旱胁迫耐性。转录组测序结果表明参与ABA生物合成及其信号通路相关基因的表达水平发生了显著变化。在田间正常生长条件下,ZmPIP1;1超表达转基因植株与野生型在生长发育过程中没有明显差异,但转基因玉米株系具有较高的光合效率,粒宽和百粒重增加,玉米单果穗的产量提高。此外,通过荧光双分子互补实验观察到ZmPIP1;1和ZmPIP2;6蛋白在玉米叶肉细胞原生质体的细胞质膜和叶绿体膜上存在互作,并且可能导致了ZmPIP蛋白的重定位。该研究为ZmPIP1;1分子机制的解析奠定了重要基础,为玉米高光效分子设计育种开辟了新的途径。     

甘蔗斑茅属间远缘杂种真实性的ITS鉴定及其抗旱性分析

对甘蔗斑茅属间远缘杂种真实性进行ITS鉴定,同时在水分胁迫下对斑茅及其杂种后代的生理进行研究,参照已建立的甘蔗抗旱鉴定技术体系进行筛选和评价.结果表明:崖城96-40、崖21号、崖城01-3和崖城01-6等都是斑茅的真实杂种;海南92-105(斑茅)、崖城92-77(斑茅)都表现为高抗或特抗,可见斑茅具有很强的抗旱性.     

花椰菜AP2/ERF转录因子家族成员BobERF17响应逆境胁迫的表达及功能研究

AP2/ERF为植物特有的一类转录因子超家族,其中ERF家族成员被证实在植物逆境胁迫响应中发挥重要作用.为研究花椰菜中不同ERF转录因子的功能,本研究对花椰菜ERF家族中的一个成员BobERF17进行了克隆、表达及功能探究.序列分析显示,BobERF17编码区全长576 bp,编码一个由191个氨基酸组成的蛋白.聚类分...     

不同紫花苜蓿几个抗旱指标的灰色关联分析

运用灰色关联分析法,对5项抗旱指标与5个紫花苜蓿(Medicago Sativa)品种抗旱性的相关性进行了分析。关联度分析结果表明:各指标与苜蓿品种抗旱性的关联序为:游离脯氨酸含量>SOD>POD>相对含水量>叶片水势。各指标对苜蓿抗旱性的影响,以游离脯氨酸含量最大,其次为SOD及POD;再次相对含水量;而叶片水势的影响最小。     

干旱胁迫对两种辣椒叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

试验研究了干旱条件下鸡爪×吉林和正椒13号两种辣撤叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的变化.结果表明,干旱处理5 d导致叶片相对含水量(RWC)、相对电导率(REC)、净光合作用(Pn)和暗适应下PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)下降,其中对鸡爪×吉林影响大于正椒13号.干旱处理下两辣椒品种的气孔导度(Gs)下降,而水分利用效率(WUE)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)和光呼吸速率/净光合速率(Pr/Pn)均明显增加,其中正椒13号上升幅度高于鸡爪×吉林,这可能是正椒13号比鸡爪×吉林更耐旱的原因.     

河北省近40年干旱变化特征分析

根据1961—2000年河北省69个站逐月降水资料,采用Z指数作为各代表站旱涝等级划分标准,根据计算出的Z指数把旱涝情况划分成7个等级,并在此基础上计算了河北省历年干旱的严重程度和干旱发生的范围。对近40年来的资料分析表明:这一区域冬季干旱面积变化不大,春、秋季干旱面积呈减小的趋势,夏季干旱面积呈扩大趋势,年干旱面积也呈扩大趋势。