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1.
为给内蒙古高原区、黄土高原区和西北荒漠绿洲区紫花苜蓿测土施肥奠定科学基础,采用零散实验数据整合法以及养分平衡-地力差减法,开展了三大自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量研究。结果表明,内蒙古高原区紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾第1~4级指标依次为≥342mg/kg、89~342mg/kg、24~89mg/kg和<24mg/kg,黄土高原区第1~6级指标依次为≥171mg/kg、96~171mg/kg、54~96mg/kg、30~54mg/kg、17~30mg/kg和<17mg/kg,西北荒漠绿洲区第1~4级指标依次为≥303mg/kg、140~303mg/kg、65~140mg/kg和<65mg/kg;当目标产量9~27t/hm2、钾肥利用率50%时,第1~6级土壤的推荐施钾量分别为0、54~162kg/hm2、108~324kg/hm2、162~486kg/hm2、216~648kg/hm2和270~810kg/hm2。  相似文献   
2.
[Objective] The leaf temperature is an effective parameter reflecting crop physiological process and energy exchange. This study aimed to put forward a method to quantify the temperature distribution within cotton leaves. [Method] The infrared images of cotton leaves of potassium deficiency and normal cotton plants cultivated in nutrient solution were taken and studied. The irrelevant background in the infrared images was removed by using software of Stata and Surfer. The geostatistical spatial grid method was used to quantify the temperature distribution within cotton leaves. Finally, the temperature scales of different images were unified for better and faster comparison of leaf temperature differences among images. [Result] The processed image clearly reflected the differences among different treatments in leaf temperature. The mean leaf temperature, leaf vein temperature and leaf temperature outside leaf vein of potassium-deficient cotton were 0.52 ℃, 0.59 ℃ and 0.47 ℃higher than those of normal leaf, respectively. In addition, the temperature variation amplitude (0.76 ℃) and coefficient of variation (0.38%) of potassium deficient leaf were higher than those of normal leaf (0.54 ℃, 0.27%), and the temperature of the leaf vein increased the most (0.53 ℃). The analysis of the frequency distribution of temperature within the cotton leaf showed that the quartile deviation of temperature distribution of potassium-deficient leaf was 0.07 ℃ higher than that of normal leaf, indicating that the temperature distribution of normal leaf was relatively concentrated. [Conclusion] The proposed method is helpful for further monitoring of cotton growth and may guide cotton precise management.  相似文献   
3.
为研究叶面喷施有机钾肥对烤烟生长及品质的影响,本研究以烤烟品种“云烟105”为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组田间试验设计,在打顶后分2次叶面喷施有机钾肥,并以喷施清水为对照,分析比较叶面喷施有机钾肥对成熟期烟株农艺性状、光合特性、生物量、烤后烟叶单叶重及品质的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施有机钾肥能显著提高烟株的株高、叶面积系数、生物量等性状。叶面积系数增加了10.7%,根的干重增加了50%,叶片的干重增加了36.5%。同时,叶面喷施有机钾肥还有效地改善了叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率。在烤后烟叶的化学成分方面,叶面喷施有机钾肥还能提高烟叶钾含量,降低烟碱含量,进一步协调烟叶的化学成分。此外,叶面喷施有机钾肥后,中部叶片感官质量的总体评价优于对照,尤其在香气质、杂气程度、甜度等方面均明显好于对照。本试验的结果说明,在成熟期叶面喷施有机钾肥,对于提高单叶重,增加叶面积系数,协调烟叶内部化学成分,提高烟叶品质有积极的作用。  相似文献   
4.
本文研究了不同种类的缓释钾肥及在其不同施用量下对烤烟主要性状及产质量的影响。采用随机区组设计,并设置相应商品钾肥作为对照,氮、磷肥按照当地常规用量施用,按照当地优质烟叶生产技术标准进行田间管理。结果表明,施用缓释钾肥能较为显著的改善烤烟的农艺学性状,其中以缓K2-300处理的农艺性状表现最好;从经济性状分析,黄腐K-75处理的产值产量及上等烟比例均较高;缓K2-75处理的化学成分最符合优质烟叶的要求,烟叶品质最佳。综合分析认为,黄腐酸钾、包膜硝酸钾(缓K2-315s)在施用量分别为75g、300g时提质增效效果最显著。  相似文献   
5.
为探究竹类植物K+调控机理及K+通道的系统,本研究以筇竹(Qiongzhuea tumidinoda)为试验材料,对筇竹QtKAT1基因分离克隆及表达分析。通过克隆获得筇竹QtKAT1基因,全长为3124 bp,含2235 bp的最大开放阅读框,编码744个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明QtKAT1基因预测编码蛋白分子质量为85.4 kD,QtKAT1蛋白氨基端存在6个跨膜结构域,理论等电点数6.90,不稳定系数为39.53,疏水系数为75.81,平均亲水性-0.261,属于亲水性蛋白。运用QtKAT1基因编码的氨基酸序列构建同源进化树,可以区分不同科的植物,推测QtKAT1基因可以作为植物系统分类的分子标记之一。实时荧光定量分析结果显示,QtKAT1基因在筇竹幼苗不同组织部位的表达水平为:叶>茎>根,叶片中的表达量约为根的25倍,表明QtKAT1基因的表达具有组织特异性。  相似文献   
6.
磷肥和钾肥不同配施方式对其养分在土壤中迁移的影响   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0  
采用单点源滴灌试验方法,模拟滴灌条件下磷(P)、钾(K)肥作为基肥一次施入和随水分施入两种不同的配施方式下速效P、K含量在土壤中的时空分布变化情况。结果表明:对于可溶性较好的磷、钾肥作为基肥施入土壤后,均随着滴灌水的下渗运移而发生迁移,速效磷的高值区出现在湿润区的边缘附近,速效钾则比较均匀的分布在湿润区内;随水分施磷肥,仅在湿润区深度20cm,水平方向15cm以内的土层发生积累。在施加磷肥总量一致时,随水分施入土壤速效磷含量的最大值明显高于作为基肥施入的最大值;随水分施钾肥,速效钾在土壤中的分布也趋于均匀,但是在滴水点附近形成高值区,且随水分施钾肥可在一定程度上减缓速效钾在土壤中的迁移速度。  相似文献   
7.
Vertisols are characterized by deficiency of nutrients and recently, potassium (K), a major plant nutrient in crops, is gaining attention because of crop removal, fixation by clay minerals and leaching. A field experiment was conducted during the 2015 and 2016 main cropping seasons to test the effect of potash fertilizer on Vertisols of East Gojjam at Gudalima and Dejen/Tik sites using teff crop. The K rates (applied as muriate of potash) were 0, 50,100, and 150?kg ha?1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in three replications. The results indicated that the plant height, panicle length, number of effective tillers, dry matter and grain yield of teff increased significantly (P?<?0.05) with applied K. The highest dry matter and grain yield (6966.4 and 2418.2 kg ha?1, respectively) were obtained from the application of 100 kg ha?1 KCl. Total uptake of N, P, and K were enhanced significantly with K treated plots than those without and K efficiency was improved due to the rate of K. The present study demonstrated the importance of K application to supplement NPS for optimum dry matter and grain yield of teff on Vertisols of the study sites.  相似文献   
8.
Potassium (K) plays an important role in maize yield, but K accumulation characteristics in high yielding maize is still not well documented. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the K accumulation characteristics of high yield (HY)(>15 t ha?1)spring maize compared with medium yield (MY)(10–15 t ha?1), and low yield (LY)(<10 t ha?1). The maximum K accumulation stage in maize appeared between V6 and V12 stage (LY, MY, and HY was 125.46, 138.05, and 146.22?kg ha?1, respectively). Most of the K (94.27–97.13%) was accumulated during vegetative stages. HY exhibited a significantly higher K accumulation than either MY or LY. For different organs, the K remobilization amount of leaf was the highest, and the remobilization amount of stalk was the lowest, the K remobilization amount of leaf and stalk showed as HY?<?MY?<?LY, same as the total K remobilization amount, but the K remobilization amount of sheath and husk plus cob showed the opposite order. These results indicated that sufficient nutrient supply for maize can not only accumulate more K but also delay leaf senescence and maintain high photosynthetic activity, resulting in reduced K remobilization from vegetative organs, and reduced K loss in whole plant.  相似文献   
9.
Low survival at early stage is the bottleneck in seahorse aquaculture, particularly in the feeding aspect since newborn seahorses must feed immediately upon birth to sustain themselves. Seahorses are visual predator, therefore preferred live feed such as zooplankton. In aquaculture, the most common live feed used is Artemia. In this study, two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different Artemia enrichment on the growth and survival of newborn Hippocampus barbouri. In the first experiment, six treatments using Artemia enriched with Culture Selco Plus? (SELCO), thyroxine (T4), potassium iodide (KI), cod liver oil (CLO), cod liver oil in combination with thyroxine (CLO + T4) and potassium iodide (CLO+KI) were fed to newborn H. barbouri. Newly hatched Artemia were used as control. At the end of first experiment, treatments using CLO + T4 produced juvenile H. barbouri with the best (p < .05) wet weight (0.142 ± 0.000 g), while juvenile in treatment CLO+KI recorded the highest (p < .05) standard length (3.947 ± 0.014 cm). Subsequently, a second experiment was carried out using the two best enrichment (CLO + T4 and CLO + KI) from the first experiment, but given at different frequency (daily, twice a week, once a week, once in 2 weeks). Daily enrichment using both CLO + T4 and CLO + KI showed no significant (p > .05) difference in growth performance and survival of juvenile of H. barbouri. Interestingly, juvenile fed CLO + T4 enriched Artemia at frequency of twice a week also has no significant difference (p > .05) in survival and growth performance (except for final standard length) when compared with treatment CLO + T4 at daily frequency.  相似文献   
10.
我国主要麦区农户施肥评价及减肥潜力分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
【目的】明确我国主要麦区农户小麦施肥存在的问题及减肥潜力,为科学施肥、合理减肥提供依据。【方法】连续3年对我国主要麦区的小麦种植户进行施肥调研和取样,基于农户产量、养分需求量和土壤养分供应水平对其施肥状况和减肥潜力进行评价和分析。【结果】我国主要麦区农户小麦产量和生物量平均为6.0和13.2 t·hm -2,二者极显著线性相关。小麦产量与施肥量和土壤养分无显著相关。我国小麦氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)肥用量平均分别为191.1、112.8和53.4 kg·hm -2,春麦区农户氮、磷和钾肥用量平均分别为171.7、108.9和10.6 kg·hm -2,旱作区分别为154.3、111.8和32.6 kg·hm -2,麦玉区分别为236.4、128.1和74.0 kg·hm -2,稻麦区分别为177.5、77.0和71.8 kg·hm -2。就施氮量而言,春麦区过量施氮的农户较少,为34%,其次是麦玉区、稻麦区和旱作区,分别为42%、55%和63%;产量较低的农户是氮肥减施的重点,减氮潜力最高达43.6%,平均需减氮2.3—135.5 kg·hm -2。过量施磷问题比较突出,各麦区施磷过量的农户分别占63%、87%、68%和57%,即使小麦高产时,仍有超过50%的农户施磷过量;各麦区不同产量等级的农户均需减施磷肥,减磷量平均为3.8—91.1 kg·hm -2,旱作区减磷潜力最大,达55.6%。施钾状况因麦区而异,在春麦区,主要问题是施钾不足,占84%,平均需增施钾肥22.8 kg·hm -2;旱作、麦玉和稻麦区,减钾潜力分别达43.2%、25.7%和56.0%;产量较低的农户是减钾的重点,平均需减钾31.7—45.9 kg·hm -2。【结论】我国农户施肥状况和减肥潜力因农户产量和麦区不同存在差异,中低产农户过量施肥问题较为严重,应注意根据产量适量减少施用氮、钾肥,所有农户均需警惕磷肥过量投入问题,其中旱作区氮、磷肥减施潜力最高,稻麦区减钾潜力最高。  相似文献   
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