Mangrove Habitat Formation and Response to Holocene Sea-level Changes on Kosrae Island,Micronesia

Mangrove habitats on Kosrae are divided into three types, i.e., an estuary or delta type, a backmarsh or lagoon type and a coral reef or tidal-flat type. Most of the mangrove forests of Kosrae have been developed during the last 2000 years by accumulating mangrove peat with the gradual sea-level rise of 1 to 2 mm/yr except the landward part of the estuary or delta type. On the other hand, during the period of rapid sea-level rise of about 10 mm/yr between 4100 and 3700 yr B.P., the mangrove forests ceased peat accumulation and retreated landward. Until 3500 yr B.P., mangrove forests were distributed only in narrow bands in the inlets. Therefore, the critical rate of mangrove peat accretion with sea-level rise is estimated at more than 2 mm/yr and less than 10 mm/yr. If the anticipated sea-level rise exceeds this critical rate, all of the mangrove forests of Kosrae will retreat landward and reduce rapidly.     

Sedimentary aggregates in the Peoria Loess of Nebraska, USA

Loess grain size data used to infer transport direction or wind strength are generally derived from vigorously disaggregated samples. However, these data may not adequately represent the effective particle size distribution during loess transport, if the transported dust contained aggregates of fine-grained material. Thin sections of minimally altered C and BC horizons in the late Pleistocene Peoria Loess of Nebraska, USA, indicate the presence of aggregates with diameters of 30–1000 μm. The larger aggregates (>250 μm) are unlikely to have been transported, and are interpreted as the result of soil faunal activity and other pedogenic processes after deposition. Aggregates smaller than 250 μm could have a similar origin, but laser diffraction particle size analysis suggests that many are sedimentary particles. Comparison of minimally and fully dispersed particle size distributions from each sampling site was used to estimate the modal diameter of aggregates. The aggregate modal diameter becomes finer with decreasing loess thickness, representing increasing distance from the source. A similar trend was observed in the modal diameter of fully dispersed particle size distributions, which represents the mode of sand and silt transported as individual grains. We interpret both trends as the result of sorting during transport, supporting the interpretation that many of the aggregates were transported rather than formed in place. Aggregate content appears to increase with distance from the source, explaining a much more rapid downwind increase in clay content than would be expected if clay were transported as particles smaller than 2 μm diameter. Although the Peoria Loess of Nebraska contains sedimentary aggregates, many of the coarse silt and sand grains in this loess were transported as primary particles, were thoroughly exposed to sunlight and are potentially well suited for luminescence dating.     

PK-15细胞的ISG15基因敲除促进PRV的复制

本试验旨在研究干扰素刺激基因15（interferon-stimulated gene 15,ISG15）敲除对猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）复制的影响。通过CRISPR/Cas9技术构建猪ISG15基因敲除猪肾上皮（PK-15）细胞系,利用CCK-8试剂盒检测PK-15敲除ISG15基因对细胞活力的影响,采用间接免疫荧光技术检测PK-15以及PK15-ISG15^-/-细胞感染PRV的增殖差异,通过RT-qPCR检测PRV-EP0、PRV-gE、PRV-VP16和IFN-β的转录水平,Western blot检测PRV-gE和ISG15的蛋白表达水平,以及通过病毒噬斑检测对子代病毒感染力的影响。结果表明,sgRNA1和sgRNA2均成功敲除ISG15基因;CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活力结果表明,敲除ISG15基因对PK-15细胞活力无影响;间接免疫荧光检测结果表明,PRV感染后,PK15-ISG15^-/-细胞中的荧光强度明显高于PK-15细胞;RT-qPCR和Western blot结果表明,敲除ISG15可以促进PRV的转录和蛋白表达;病毒噬斑试验进一步显示,敲除ISG15可以促进PRV的复制。另外,RT-qPCR结果显示,敲除ISG15可以抑制PRV感染引起的IFN-β转录上调。本研究成功构建了PK15-ISG15^-/-细胞系,并通过PRV感染试验证实ISG15基因可以抑制PRV在PK-15细胞中的增殖,并推测这种抑制作用可能与IFN通路有关。     

热研8-79旺产期开割树产胶生理特性研究初报

以我国中规模推广级早熟高产品种热研8-79旺产期开割树为材料，测定了产量、干含、蔗糖、无机磷、硫醇和镁离子等指标变化，以期研究该品种的生理特性和对s/2d/3+ET1%刺激割胶制度的适应性。结果表明，无刺激条件下，相对于生理基本平衡的RRIM600品种，热研8-79具有高糖、高硫醇和高产的特性；刺激后产量增加不明显，胶乳的稳定性增强，但糖和干胶含量有所下降，显示出部分疲劳生理效应。根据该品种产量很高、较易死皮的特点，生产中刺激割胶应遵循低浓度低频率原则，同时必须加强施肥，提高管理水平。     

Geochemical conditions in groundwater systems: Implications for the attenuation of agricultural nitrate

Nitrate resulting from nitrogen fertilisers used in Agriculture is a widespread contaminant of shallow groundwater and causes adverse effects on human, animal and ecosystem health. In order to evaluate the full extent of groundwater nitrate contamination, and how it might evolve in time, it is essential to understand controls on aquifer assimilative capacity. This level of understanding will also help to better target policies and incentives aimed at controlling the amount of nitrate entering downstream water systems.The potential for nitrate attenuation in groundwater was assessed by examining the concentration and distribution pattern of electron donors such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ferrous iron, and redox indicators such as dissolved oxygen (DO) and Eh in 57 monitoring bores on the lower Burdekin coastal floodplain, one of Queensland's and Australia's premier irrigation districts. Nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 14.4 mg/L NO₃-N but were mostly undetectable in bores close to the coast. Groundwater age dates suggest that while there are nitrate ‘hot spots’ in certain areas, some or most of the nitrate is being consumed on its way to the ocean. Low nitrate concentrations were coupled with high ferrous concentrations. The low DO concentrations (<2 mg/L) and high ferrous concentrations found in 55% of the bores indicate that redox conditions are suitable for nitrate attenuation by either denitrification or dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. The reducing environment may be associated with the high DOC concentrations (up to 82 mg C/L) found in these groundwaters. Furthermore, high levels of ferrous iron found in the Ayr area combined with the wide spread geographical distribution of DOC indicate that these areas have a high potential for sustaining geochemical processes that reduces nitrate levels. The distribution of geochemical indicators also suggests that the shallower depths (<15 m) of the groundwater systems have more potential for nitrate reduction than the deeper depths. The map identifying areas within the lower Burdekin with most potential for denitrification is a valuable first step in helping to understand and manage the fate of nitrate entering the groundwater.     

水华鱼腥藻超弱发光初探

首次用BPCL微弱发光测量仪测得蓝藻门中的水华鱼腥藻发射的自然超弱光,结果表明:水华鱼腥藻的光子计数率-时间曲线遵循双曲线衰减规律,这一点说明生物光子是具有一定相干性的;藻类浓度(个·mL-1)与超弱光光子计数率呈显著正相关(r=0.96)。     

生物发光与生物超微弱发光

生物超微弱发光现象普遍存在于动、植物体内，它提供了生命有机体代谢反应及能量转化的重要信息，本文介绍了生物发光的类型和超微弱发光的作用机制，生物体超弱发光被认为主要是脂类氧化时过氧化自由基复合时产生光子，发光为体内综合代谢反应，其分子机制正在研究之中。     

生物延迟发光辐照光源系统研制

针对目前生物延迟发光检测系统利用外置激发光源存在的延迟误差和自然光叠加干扰导致的测量结果重复性不好和可靠性差的问题,设计了一种生物延迟发光辐照光源系统。该光源系统主要由恒温辐照室、三基色RGB-LED（light-emitting diode）矩阵辐照光源、电子快门隔离器及控制电路组成,并与BPCL系列微弱发光测量仪组装在一起使用。在51系列单片机的控制下,该辐照光源系统实现了光源频率和光强的多重选择以及辐照时间的程序化操作,实现了光照与检测之间在同一个暗室通道中通过电子快门的迅速切换,极大的降低了自然光的叠加干扰与延迟误差。背景噪声和稳定性试验测试结果表明,应用该系统使平均光子计数的噪声偏差不超过4.5 cps,5次重复测试的相对误差为0.7%,重复测试的延迟发光曲线具有良好的重合度。对萌发玉米延迟发光的测试结果表明,延迟发光曲线的拟合优度R2在0.99以上,应用该系统可以得到较为理想的结果。     

家畜精子超弱化学发光的研究

利用液体闪烁计数仪测定绵羊精子的超弱化学发光,以研究它的机理和畜牧中的应用价值。结果表明,精子的发光与活力、呼吸、果糖分解、~(32)Pi摄入量和磷酸肌酸呈正相关(r=0.9806,P<0.01;0.9684,p<0.01;0.9882,p<0.01;0.9793,p<0.01;0.9962,p<0.01)说明了精子的发光与代谢存在有内在的联系,反映了精子的能量转化过程和精子细胞物理化学反应的信息,是评定精子质量很有价值的一个指标。     

水杨酸对湖北海棠活性氧代谢及超微弱发光的影响

 以50 μg·mL ^{- 1}水杨酸( SA) 喷施湖北海棠(Malus hupehensis Rehd. ) 幼苗, 结果显示: 超氧阴离子O^·₂ 的产生速率在处理后12～48 h明显高于对照, 而在72 h以后明显低于对照; H₂O₂ 含量在水杨酸处理后, 始终高于对照, 并在处理后第12和48小时出现两次峰值。POD活性在处理12 h后逐渐增加,SOD活性则在处理48 h后才有显著的增加, 而CAT在处理后24 h内活性高于对照, 48 h后明显低于对照。SA还明显促进了脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA) 的产生, 也明显促进了叶片的超微弱发光, 超微弱发光值在处理后的120 h内始终高于对照, 但在整个试验过程中超微弱发光的变化趋势与H₂O₂ 含量及O^·₂ 的产生速率的变化趋势明显不同。