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1.
为给内蒙古高原区、黄土高原区和西北荒漠绿洲区紫花苜蓿测土施肥奠定科学基础,采用零散实验数据整合法以及养分平衡-地力差减法,开展了三大自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量研究。结果表明,内蒙古高原区紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾第1~4级指标依次为≥342mg/kg、89~342mg/kg、24~89mg/kg和<24mg/kg,黄土高原区第1~6级指标依次为≥171mg/kg、96~171mg/kg、54~96mg/kg、30~54mg/kg、17~30mg/kg和<17mg/kg,西北荒漠绿洲区第1~4级指标依次为≥303mg/kg、140~303mg/kg、65~140mg/kg和<65mg/kg;当目标产量9~27t/hm2、钾肥利用率50%时,第1~6级土壤的推荐施钾量分别为0、54~162kg/hm2、108~324kg/hm2、162~486kg/hm2、216~648kg/hm2和270~810kg/hm2。  相似文献   
2.
为了评价塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地达理雅博依绿洲地下水水化学特征与演化规律及对当地生态环境的影响。在研究区的生态井位观测点采集了19组地下水样品进行检测。综合运用数理统计、相关性分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型、Schoeller图和离子比等方法,分析地下水水化学特征和克里雅河尾闾绿洲的水化学演化规律。研究表明:研究区地下水阳离子以Na+、Mg+离子为主,阴离子以Cl-、SO42-,为主,Mg+、Cl-、SO42-表现为强变异性,K+、Ca+、Na+、HCO-3表现为中等变异;TDS介于1000mg/L-18620mg/L范围内,平均值为4366.408mg/L,矿化度较高;水化学类型以Cl--Na+为主;地下水样品主要分布于Gibbs图的右上部分,表明研究区地下水主要受蒸发浓缩作用控制,岩石风化和大气降水影响较小;主要离子比表明碳酸盐、蒸发岩和硅酸盐是离子的主要来源,且处于沙漠腹地的独特地理因素,地下水中的离子交换作用较弱。  相似文献   
3.
进入21世纪以来,黑龙江省充分利用省内现代化的大农业资源,积极推进农业与旅游业的多维度融合,形成了初具规模的农旅产业。该论文以目前黑龙江省农旅产业发展中的“非标准化”和“同质化”问题为着眼点,在分析农旅产业的消费者特征及其需求偏好的基础上,借鉴张家界自然风景区和重渡沟自然风景区发展农旅产业的先进经验,结合黑龙江省农旅产业发展的特殊规律,提出了黑龙江省农旅产业标准化管理与个性化发展的具体操作路径,为推进黑龙江省农旅产业的提质扩容与创新转型提供了新思路。  相似文献   
4.
There are few reliable data sets to inspire confidence in policymakers that soil organic carbon (SOC) can be measured on farms. We worked with farmers in the Tamar Valley region of southwest England to select sampling sites under similar conditions (soil type, aspect and slope) and management types. Topsoils (2–15 cm) were sampled in autumn 2015, and percentage soil organic matter (%SOM) was determined by loss on ignition and used to calculate %SOC. We also used the stability of macroaggregates in cold water (WSA) (‘soil slaking’) as a measure of ‘soil health’ and investigated its relationship with SOC in the clay‐rich soils. %SOM was significantly different between management types in the order woodland (11.1%) = permanent pasture (9.5%) > ley‐arable rotation (7.7%) = arable (7.3%). This related directly to SOC stocks that were larger in fields under permanent pasture and woodland compared with those under arable or ley‐arable rotation whether corrected for clay content (F = 8.500, p < .0001) or not (F = 8.516, p < .0001). WSA scores were strongly correlated with SOC content whether corrected for clay content (SOCadj R2 = .571, p < .0001) or not (SOCunadj R2 = 0.490, p = .002). Time since tillage controlled SOC stocks and WSA scores, accounting for 75.5% and 51.3% of the total variation, respectively. We conclude that (1) SOC can be reliably measured in farmed soils using accepted protocols and related to land management and (2) WSA scores can be rapidly measured in clay soils and related to SOC stocks and soil management.  相似文献   
5.
  1. The history of conservation of the Amazon can be viewed as a war involving many battles with interests in agribusiness on one side and in biodiversity conservation and sustainability on the other side. Trends in large-scale deforestation in the 1970s spurred a series of policies, stakeholder alliances and international and grass-roots movements, which decades later led to the establishment of protected areas and interventions in soy and beef supply chains of agribusiness. Together, these advances epitomized a conservation framework for the Amazon, which at one point nearly curbed deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, although it included very few protections for freshwater ecosystems.
  2. While those conservation advances were taking place, however, a series of policy changes started to undermine them through expansions in deforestation, river regulation and mining activities. The election of Brazil's President Jair Bolsonaro in 2019 then hit the Amazon conservation framework much like a tsunami of policy setbacks and the re-establishment of the economic policies that sparked the Amazon war in the past.
  3. The current trajectory is one of large-scale degradation of Amazonian ecosystems and biodiversity with consequent impacts on local people. Because freshwater ecosystems are highly sensitive to human activities on water and on land, these growing impacts are particularly large.
  4. It is too early to know, but four decades of institutional and policy developments to conserve the Brazilian Amazon may soon be pushed past the point from which they will be able to recover. Four conditions will be pivotal to allowing the Amazon conservation framework to recoup: (a) the end of Bolsonaro’s mandate in 2022 or earlier; (b) remobilization of stakeholders; (c) investments in environmental research, policy and multiple collaborations; and (d) moving conservation beyond terrestrial landscapes to also encompass freshwater ecosystems and their people.
  相似文献   
6.
数字农业的发展对于农业现代化转型升级具有重要意义。根据江西省县域数字农业相关数据和文献资料,分析江西省数字农业发展现状,指出目前江西省数字农业发展存在数据服务配套不完善、小农户应用困难以及法律法规政策建设相对落后等问题,提出应加强数字农业信息服务支持力度、培育新型农业经营主体,以及强化政策顶层设计等建议。  相似文献   
7.
刘宁  赵国  刘刚 《农业工程学报》2021,37(18):232-243
溶出伏安法具有分析速度快、成本低、灵敏度高等优点被广泛应用于检测土壤重金属含量,但在检测土壤重金属时,溶出伏安检测精度会受到多方面因素的影响。该文在介绍溶出伏安法工作原理的基础上,从伏安参数、试验条件和土壤物质成分三方面阐述溶出伏安法检测土壤Pb2+和Cd2+为的影响因素,解析各因素的影响机理,归纳影响削弱方法的研究进展。研究结论为:方波脉冲阳极溶出伏安法最常用于检测土壤Pb2+和Cd2+,伏安参数包括脉冲幅值、电压增量和脉冲频率,试验条件包括沉积时间、沉积电压和支持电解质种类及其pH值,土壤成分主要干扰因素包括非目标重金属和有机质。针对伏安参数和试验条件的影响可以设计优化试验有效削弱。针对非目标重金属和有机质的干扰影响,目前研究还没有提出有效的削弱方法。最后,展望了溶出伏安法检测土壤重金属的未来发展方向。  相似文献   
8.
[目的] 研究塔里木盆地北缘绿洲区植被覆被变化与环境要素的相互关系,旨在为该区生态治理与恢复提供科学参考。[方法] 以2000—2018年MODIS/NDVI数据为基础,结合时序内气象因素与人类活动数据,运用趋势线分析法、相关分析法、ArcGIS空间叠加与通径分析方法,总结塔里木盆地北缘绿洲时空变化特征,并探讨环境要素对绿洲区植被NDVI变化的影响。[结果] ①2000—2018年塔里北缘绿洲不同植被类型总体处于波动上升态势,增长速率为0.033/10 a;植被覆盖类型的增长速率由高到低依次为栽培植物、灌丛、阔叶林、草甸、荒漠、草原、湿地、针叶林和高山植被;②在气象因素中,气温与绿洲区植被主要呈负相关,负相关区域面积占绿洲区72.15%。③在人为环境要素中,林业总产值和牧业总产值是影响植被NDVI的主控因子。[结论] 在所选环境要素中,气温对NDVI的综合作用最强,林业总产值次之,牧业总产值对NDVI作用较弱。剩余通径系数为0.26,说明还有部分因素对NDVI增加有较明显的影响,今后需要进一步研究。  相似文献   
9.
为适应精准农业的发展趋势,提高测产计量系统的精度,开发一套基于IMM UKF算法的冲量式测产系统。该系统由冲量传感器模块、北斗定位模块、DTU传输模块和上位机等组成。系统通过传感器模块进行信号的采集和处理,采用CAN通信方式将处理后的数据发送至上位机。上位机使用IMM UKF滤波算法对传感器上传的数据进行滤波,最终根据标定曲线得到谷物产量。通过车辆空载试验,采用IMM UKF算法与KF和UKF算法进行对比验证,结果表明IMM UKF算法的滤波效果更好,均方差为0.000 42 N。通过传感器标定试验,确定传感器的检测值与实际谷物重量的关系。通过大田测产试验,得出每个地块的产量分布图,试验结果表明该测产系统的平均误差达到3.911%。  相似文献   
10.
What occurs when virus infection is spreading within a mixed plant species population? This question is important not only for economically significant, mixed species managed systems but also for environmentally significant mixed wild species populations. It received attention in recently published ecological studies on wild plant species, but these, and recent general pasture research publications, rarely mention earlier virus studies involving mixed species managed pasture. This review seeks to rectify that situation. It describes 10 diverse examples of past research on mixed species managed pasture done over two decades on three continents that demonstrated plant species balance changes arising from virus infection. These examples showed that plants belonging to susceptible pasture cultivars sensitive to systemic virus infection are sufficiently weakened that their ability to withstand competition from nonhost plants of other pasture species, or weed species, was diminished sufficiently to alter the plant species balance. Also, a similar alteration occurred when they were competing with virus-resistant or virus-tolerant host plants of the same or other pasture species, or a virus-resistant weed species. Such competition also diminished seed production, which decreased their ability to regenerate. Notably, as reported subsequently with wild plant species populations, when two different pasture species infected by the same virus compete with each other, growth of the more sensitive species is suppressed. Because managed mixed species pastures constitute an important component of regenerative agriculture, retaining an optimal balance of pasture species and delaying pasture decline from weed invasion both require effective management of virus diseases.  相似文献   
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