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1.
Floral resources, such as carbohydrate-rich nectar or pollen, can bolster fitness and raise reproductive output of adult lepidopterans. Here, we used laboratory experiments to assess how those plant-derived foods impact adult fecundity, reproductive physiology and flight performance of an invasive strain of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda(FAW; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. More specifically, supplementary feeding on bee pollen and honey enhanced FAW flight duration, testis size, ovarian development, longevity and adult fecundity. FAW adults attained the longest pre-oviposition(10.8 days) and oviposition period(6.8 days) and longevity(19.2 days) on 5% acacia honey. Upon access to 2.5% acacia honey and 2.5‰ pine pollen, S. frugiperda attained the highest mating rate(79.7%), fecundity(644.9 eggs/female) and egg hatching rate(82.3%). Feeding on honey further delayed decay of male testes, while ovarian development was enhanced when female moths were allowed access to 2.5% honey and 2.5‰ pine pollen. Upon feeding on 5% honey solution, S. frugiperda engaged in flight over the longest duration(9.5 h), distance(29.9 km) and speed(3.1 km h~(–1)). Honey had a comparatively greater effect on the above parameters than pollen. Our findings help decipher FAW invasion patterns and population dynamics, facilitate the development of nutritional attractants, and contribute to integrated pest management of this newly-invasive pest in eastern Asia.  相似文献   
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化肥减量配施生物菌肥对色素辣椒生长的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
石磊  王军  陈云  吕宁 《新疆农业科学》2021,58(5):854-865
目的】研究常规化肥与生物菌肥在加工辣椒上合理的配施用量,为色素型加工辣椒化肥与生物肥科学使用提供理论依据。【方法】以红龙23号为材料,研究生物菌肥与不同比例化肥配施对色素型加工辣椒生长的影响效应。设置田间单因素区组实验,采用生物统计学方法,对比100%滴施常规化肥(尿素60 kg/667m2+磷酸二氢钾45 kg/667m2,T1-CF)、滴施生物菌肥(40 kg/667m2, T2-BF)、100%化肥+生物菌肥(T3-100%CF+BF)、减施化肥10%+生物菌肥(T4-90%CF+BF)、减施化肥20%+生物菌肥(T5-80%CF+BF)和不施肥(T6)6种处理色素辣椒的生长发育、产量品质及植株与土壤中养分变化。【结果】100%化肥与40 kg/667m2生物菌肥配施在促进株高和主茎生长及结果数方面效果最优,且这种促进作用随着生育期的推进更为明显。单施生物菌肥及化肥与生物菌肥配施均显著降低了辣椒疫霉病和果脐腐病发病率,疫霉病较对照降低了2~4倍。较2种肥料单施,化肥与生物配施显著提高了单株成椒数和单果重,90%化肥+生物菌肥和100%化肥+生物菌肥处理较对照干椒增产1倍多,增产效益显著且处理间差异不大。化肥与菌肥合理配施明显改善了色素辣椒的营养品质,100%化肥+生物菌肥色价值最高,达到23.14,化肥减施10%~20%量对色价影响不大,化肥减施10%配施生物菌肥显著提高了辣椒果实VC和可溶性蛋白含量,而生物菌肥单施辣椒可溶性糖含量最高。【结论】化肥与生物菌肥配施促进了植株氮和钾养分的吸收和积累,提高了土壤中有机质养分含量,化肥减施10%~20%有利于土壤中速效磷和速效钾养分的活化和积累。化肥减施10%配施40 kg/667m2生物菌肥的综合效益最显著。  相似文献   
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We hypothesized that maternal nutrition during the first 50 d of gestation would influence the abundance of hexose transporters, SLC2A1, SLC2A3, and SLC2A5, and cationic amino acid transporters, SLC7A1 and SLC7A2, in heifer uteroplacental tissues. Angus-cross heifers (n = 43) were estrus synchronized, bred via artificial insemination, and assigned at breeding to 1 of 2 dietary intake groups (CON = 100% of requirements to achieve 0.45 kg/d of BW gain or RES = 60% of CON intake) and ovariohysterectomized on day 16, 34, or 50 of gestation (n = 6 to 9/d) in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Uterine cross-sections were collected from the horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, sectioned at 5 µm, and stained via immunofluorescence for transporters. For each image, areas of fetal membrane (FM; chorioallantois), luminal epithelium (ENDO), superficial glands (SG), deep glands (DG), and myometrium (MYO) were analyzed separately for relative intensity of fluorescence as an indicator of transporter abundance. Analysis of FM was only conducted for days 34 and 50. No transporters in target areas were influenced by a day × treatment interaction (P ≥ 0.06). In ENDO, all transporters were differentially abundant from days 16 to 50 of gestation (P ≤ 0.04), and SLC7A2 was greater (P = 0.05) for RES vs. CON. In SG, SLC7A1 and SLC7A2 were greater (P ≤ 0.04) at day 34 vs. day 16. In DG, SLC2A3 and SLC7A1 were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CON vs. RES heifers; furthermore, SLC7A1 was greater (P < 0.01) at day 50 vs. days 16 and 34 of gestation. In MYO, SLC7A1 was greater (P < 0.01) for CON vs. RES and was greater (P = 0.02) at days 34 and 50 vs. day 16. There were no differences in FM (P ≥ 0.06). Analysis of all uterine tissues at day 16 determined that SLC2A1, SLC2A3, and SLC7A2 were all differentially abundant across uterine tissue type (P < 0.01), and SLC7A1 was greater (P = 0.02) for CON vs. RES. Analysis of all uteroplacental tissues at days 34 and 50 demonstrated that all transporters differed (P < 0.01) across uteroplacental tissues, and SLC7A1 was greater (P < 0.01) for CON vs. RES. These data are interpreted to imply that transporters are differentially affected by day of gestation, and that hexose and cationic amino acid transporters are differentially abundant across utero-placental tissue types, and that SLC7A1 is responsive to maternal nutritional treatment.  相似文献   
5.
The International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health (ISLSH), which was organized annually by Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (OCRI-CAAS) since 2016, has gained a strong reputation and attracted hundreds of delegates from around the world for discussion of lipid research trends and advances every year, to promote research and academic exchanges in the fields of lipid science and health. The 5th International Symposium on lipid Science and Health was successfully held in Wuhan, China, from October 23rd to 25th, 2020, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of OCRI-CAAS. The two-day symposium gathered well-known experts specialized in lipid science to share the current state of lipid research with emphasis on aspects covering: (1) lipid profiling and characterization, (2) lipid preparation and modification, (3) lipid improvement and regulation, and (4) lipid nutrition and health. The symposium was conducted by a combination of on-site and network meeting. More than 250 distinguished delegates from academia and industry participated in the on-site multidisciplinary meeting, and thousands of scholars attended the virtual event. This paper is as a record of the symposium proceedings and a brief summary of the advances and trends in 4 aspects of lipid science and health.  相似文献   
6.
Although pork producers typically aim to optimize growth rates, occasionally it is necessary to slow growth, such as when harvest facility capacity is limited. In finishing pigs, numerous dietary strategies can be used to slow growth so pigs are at optimal slaughter body weights when harvest facility capacity and/or access is restored. However, the impact of these diets on pork carcass quality is largely unknown. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dietary strategies to slow growth in late finishing pigs and evaluate their effects on carcass composition and pork quality. Mixed-sex pigs (n = 897; 125 ± 2 kg BW) were randomly allotted across 48 pens and assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (n = 8 pens/treatment): (1) Control diet representative of a typical finisher diet (CON); (2) diet containing 3% calcium chloride (CaCl2); (3) diet containing 97% corn and no soybean meal (Corn); (4) diet deficient in isoleucine (LowIle); (5) diet containing 15% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from soybean hulls (15% NDF); and (6) diet containing 20% NDF from soybean hulls (20% NDF). Over 42 d, pen body weights and feed disappearance were collected. Pigs were harvested in 3 groups (14, 28, and 42 d on feed) and carcass data collected. From the harvest group, 1 loin was collected from 120 randomly selected carcasses (20 loins/treatment) to evaluate pork quality traits. Overall, ADG was reduced in CaCl2, Corn, and 20% NDF pigs compared with CON pigs (P < 0.001). However, ADFI was only reduced in CaCl2 and 20% NDF pigs compared with CON (P < 0.001). Feed efficiency was reduced in CaCl2 and Corn pigs compared with CON (P < 0.001). Hot carcass weights were reduced in CaCl2 pigs at all harvest dates (P < 0.001) and were reduced in Corn and 20% NDF pigs at days 28 and 42 compared with CON pigs (P < 0.001). In general, CaCl2 and 20% NDF diets resulted in leaner carcasses, whereas the Corn diet increased backfat by 42 d on test (P < 0.05). Loin pH was reduced and star probe increased in CaCl2 pigs compared with CON pigs (P < 0.05); no treatments differed from CON pigs regarding drip loss, cook loss, color, firmness, or marbling (P ≥ 0.117). Overall, these data indicate that several dietary strategies can slow finishing pig growth without evidence of behavioral vices. However, changes to carcass composition and quality were also observed, indicating quality should be taken into consideration when choosing diets to slow growth.  相似文献   
7.
生物钟是生物的计时机制,是生物体内的一种无形的“时钟”。实际上是生物体生命活动的内在节律性,是由生物体内的时间结构序列所决定,使行为、生理和新陈代谢的内部循环与外界环境周期性同步。本文就生物节律系统、生物钟的调控基因、生物钟对营养生理代谢和消化器官的调控以及其在实际生产中的应用作一综述。  相似文献   
8.
基于叶片反射光谱估测水稻氮营养指数   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】基于叶片反射光谱建立快速、无损监测水稻氮营养指数(nitrogen nutrition index,NNI)的估算模型。【方法】2018—2019年开展2个水稻品种(徽两优898和Y两优900)及5个氮肥梯度(施氮量为0、75、150、225和300 kg·hm-2,分别记为N0、N1、N2、N3、N4)的田间小区试验,测定关键生育期不同叶位叶片反射光谱和植株NNI,构建多种光谱指数的水稻NNI监测模型。【结果】单叶及叶位组合的敏感波段均分布在540 nm的绿光波长处,其与近红外波段构成的窄波段比值指数SR(R900,R540)可较好反演水稻NNI。但不同叶位叶片窄波段比值指数与水稻NNI的预测精度表现不同,顶3叶(L3)预测精度最好(R2=0.731,RMSE =0.130,RE=11.6%),顶2叶(L2)次之(R2=0.707,RMSE =0.136,RE =12.2%),顶1叶(L1)最差(R2=0.443,RMSE =0.187,RE =14.7%);顶2叶和顶3叶组合平均光谱(L23)的预测精度优于单叶水平和其他叶位组合(R2=0.740,RMSE =0.128,RE =11.5%)。再将窄波段比值指数SR(R900,R540)近红外与绿光区域分别重采样50 nm和10 nm,所构建的宽波段比值指数SR[AR(900±50),AR(540±10)]模型精度较SR(R900,R540)未明显降低,且在L23水平下2个模型的模型精度和预测精度基本一致(R2=0.740,RMSE =0.128,RE =11.5%)。水稻NNI小于1时与产量呈线性的正相关关系(P<0.05),大于1时产量趋于平稳。【结论】L2和L3叶片反射光谱为监测水稻NNI的敏感叶位,其中叶位组合L23可提高模型预测精度。基于叶片反射光谱构建的多种波段比值指数(SR(R900,R540)和SR[AR(900±50),AR(540±10)])可快速估测水稻NNI,从而为不同传感器对水稻氮营养指数估测监测研究提供了理论依据。  相似文献   
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为探明杂交鲌“先锋1号”与其母本翘嘴鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)(♀)和父本黑尾近红鲌(Ancherythroculter nigrocauda)(♂)的营养品质差异,对三种鲌肌肉营养品质进行了测定和评价。结果显示:杂交鲌水分含量显著高于父本,粗脂肪含量显著低于父本,灰分含量显著低于母本。杂交鲌肌肉的胱氨酸(Cys)含量显著高于母本,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)高于父本。杂交鲌肌肉中十五碳烷酸(C15∶0)、α-亚麻酸(C18∶3)的相对含量显著高于翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌。杂交鲌肌肉硬度显著高于母本,肌肉弹性显著低于父本;铁含量与父本无显著差异,但显著高于母本。结果表明,杂交鲌“先锋1号”肌肉营养成分兼具双亲的优良性状,表现出一定的杂交优势,是一种优质的营养资源。  相似文献   
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