Analysis and Countermeasure on Present Conditions of Animal Excrement Pollution in Heilongjiang Province

Attaching more importance to the problem of animal excrement pollution is the premise of realizing the sustainable development of animal husbandry in Heilongjiang Province.With the constant expansion of the scale of breeding industry,the amount of animal excrement will increase greatly,corresponding to the increasing pressure on water and land. Therefore,for the sake of promoting the coordinated development of animal husbandry and the environment,this paper analyzed the status of animal excrement pollution in Heilongjieng Province.On this base,the paper suggested that we must control animal excrement pollution proceeding from reality by using administrative means,legal means,economic means and technical means.     

试论环境保护与能源的开发利用

本文详细分析了影响环境污染的主要因素,提出了防治环境污染的措施．简要说明了能源利用的重大意义及其与环境保护的关系。     

Ethylenediurea (EDU) effects on hybrid larch saplings exposed to ambient or elevated ozone over three growing seasons

Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution is a persis-tent environmental issue that can lead to adverse effects on trees and wood production,thus indicating a need for forestry interventions to mediate O3 effects.We treated hybrid larch (Larix gmelinii var.japonica × L.kaempferi)saplings grown in nutrient-poor soils with 0 or 400 mg L-1 water solutions of the antiozonant ethylenediurea(EDU0,EDU400) and exposed them to ambient O3 (AOZ;08:00-18:00 ≈ 30 nmol mol-1) or elevated O3 (EOZ;08:00-18:00≈ 60 nmol mo1-1) over three growing sea-sons.We found that EDU400 protected saplings against most effects of EOZ,which included extensive visible foliar injury,premature senescence,decreased photosyn-thetic pigment contents and altered balance between pig-ments,suppressed gas exchange and biomass production,and impaired leaf litter decay.While EOZ had limited effects on plant growth (suppressed stem diameter),it decreased the total number of buds per plant,an effect that was not observed in the first growing season.These results indicate that responses to EOZ might have implications to plant competitiveness,in the long term,as a result of decreased potential for vegetative growth.However,when buds were standardized per unit of branches biomass,EOZ significantly increased the number of buds per unit of biomass,suggest-ing a potentially increased investment to bud development,in an effort to enhance growth potential and competitiveness in the next growing season.EDU400 minimized most of these effects of EOZ,significantly enhancing plant health under O3-induced stress.The effect of EDU was attributed mainly to a biochemical mode of action.Therefore,hybrid larch,which is superior to its parents,can be significantly improved by EDU under long-term elevated O3 exposure,providing a perspective for enhancing afforestation practices.     

浅析陇川农业污染源与农村环境保护

报道云南陇川县第一次农业污染源普查结果,提出了农业环境保护的对策和建议,为制定社会经济发展和环境保护政策、规划提供了依据。     

室内空气污染对人体危害及防治对策探讨

指出了室内环境质量的优劣直接影响人们的身体健康,总结分析了室内空气污染物的主要来源,介绍了几种室内主要的空气污染物对人体健康的危害,并提出了一些防治室内空气污染的对策与建议。     

吉林省通化县曲柳川村生态村建设中环境污染整治规划方案设想

坚持环境与发展综合决策,努力解决吉林省通化县兴林镇曲柳川村经济社会发展及优美村屯建设过程中的生态破坏和环境污染问题,加强兴林镇曲柳川村生态环境的综合整治,努力改善生态环境质量,实现经济、社会和生态环境的可持续均衡发展。     

Bacterial pollution induced community tolerance (PICT) to Cu and interactions with pH in long-term polluted vineyard soils

Pollution induced community tolerance (PICT) has been suggested as an end-point measurement less affected by confounding environmental factors compared to standard methods of microbial growth, activity and community composition. We evaluated the use of PICT to determine Cu toxicity in vineyard soils polluted with Cu based fungicides (25-1120 mg Cu kg⁻¹). These soils also varied in pH (4.3-7.3), organic C (0.31-6.91%) and texture (14-56% silt). PICT was estimated as bacterial community tolerance to Cu measured by the [³H]leucine incorporation method. Bacterial tolerance to Cu increased 9 times in the most polluted compared to the unpolluted soils. Cu tolerance was also affected to a minor degree by pH, organic C and soil texture. Lower bacterial tolerance was found in soils with high pH and organic C, probably due to Cu becoming less bioavailable in soils with high pH and organic C content. The silt content appeared to increase bacterial tolerance, probably due to fine soil particles decreasing Cu bioavailability during the PICT detection phase. Despite the effects of other environmental factors, the main determinant of increased bacterial community tolerance to Cu was the pollution level. PICT measured with the leucine incorporation technique thus appears to be a sensitive and stable concept to evaluate toxic impacts, unless soils with very different pH, organic C or texture are studied.     

我国基本农田土壤污染源分析

介绍了我国地膜、化学农药、化肥使用历史,分别分析了其对土壤造成的污染,以期促进我国基本农田土壤质量的提高。     

Seed characteristics and nutrient composition of selected beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with different ozone tolerance

Ozone sensitivity, nutritional quality, seed characteristics, and growth habit of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated in two seperate experiments. In the first experiment the data showed a significant variation among 34 bean accessions for ozone sensitivity following acute exposure of 18-day-old plants to 0.6 µl/l O₃ for 2 hours under environmentally controlled greenhouse conditions. PI-163579, PI-169735, PI-171790, PI-176684, PI-201374, PI-310711, PI-345576, PI-370569, PI-379435, and PI-414831 were identified as tolerant to acute ozone exposures. Protein, oil, starch, sugar, and ash contents in the seed of selected germplasm were determined and no correlation was found between these components and ozone sensitivity. Seed size and growth habit varied considerably among the 34 accessions but were not correlated to ozone sensitivity. In a second experiment, ten accessions, selected from the tolerant ones identified in the first experiment, were subjected to chronic ozone exposure in open-top chambers at 0.04 and 0.08 µl/l concentrations for 7 hours/day 44 days after transplanting. Based on foliar injury and yield reductions, only PI-370569 and PI-414831 were tolerant to prolonged ozone exposure (0.08 µl/l). A significant positive correlation (r=0.83) existed between foliar injury rating from chronic treatments involving 0.04 and 0.08 µl O₃/l and acute exposure (0.6 µl O₃/1/2 hours). The data indicated that acute ozone exposure can be used to initially screen a large number of bean accessions, however, this is an imperfect indicator of ozone sensitivity with chronic exposure.Agricultural Research Station Journal Article Series, No. 191. The use of any trade name varieties and/or vendors does not imply the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also suitable.