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1.
WANG Jinlin 《干旱区科学》2021,13(12):1287-1298
Information on the Fe content of bare rocks is needed for implementing geochemical processes and identifying mines. However, the influence of Fe content on the spectra of bare rocks has not been thoroughly analyzed in previous studies. The Saur Mountain region within the Hoboksar of the Russell Hill depression was selected as the study area. Specifically, we analyzed six hyperspectral indices related to rock Fe content based on laboratory measurements (Dataset I) and field measurements (Dataset II). In situ field measurements were acquired to verify the laboratory measurements. Fe content of the rock samples collected from different fresh and weathered rock surfaces were divided into six levels to reveal the spatial distributions of Fe content of these samples. In addition, we clearly displayed wavelengths with obvious characteristics by analyzing the spectra of these samples. The results of this work indicated that Fe content estimation models based on the fresh rock surface measurements in the laboratory can be applied to in situ field or satellite-based measurements of Fe content of the weathered rock surfaces. It is not the best way to use only the single wavelengths reflectance at all absorption wavelengths or the depth of these absorption features to estimate Fe content. Based on sample data analysis, the comparison with other indices revealed that the performance of the modified normalized difference index is the best indicator for estimating rock Fe content, with R2 values of 0.45 and 0.40 corresponding to datasets I and II, respectively. Hence, the modified normalized difference index (the wavelengths of 2220, 2290, and 2370 nm) identified in this study could contribute considerably to improve the identification accuracy of rock Fe content in the bare rock areas. The method proposed in this study can obviously provide an efficient solution for large-scale rock Fe content measurements in the field.  相似文献   
2.
糯玉米淀粉因独特的结构具有良好的冻融稳定性,在速冻食品中有着巨大的潜在利用价值,但原淀粉自身存在耐酸性、耐高温、耐剪切性较差等缺点,限制了其在食品工业中的应用。为了改善糯玉米淀粉的理化特性和加工性能,需要对原淀粉进行改性处理。概述了糯玉米淀粉常见的改性方法,介绍了糯玉米改性淀粉在速冻食品中的应用,并对糯玉米改性淀粉的研究现状和在速冻食品中的应用进行了分析和展望,为糯玉米改性淀粉在速冻食品中的应用提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   
3.
The fall armyworm(FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, which originated in the Americas, is advancing across China and threatening the nation's maize crops. Currently, one widely used tool for its control is genetically modified(GM) Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) maize. Sufficient content of Bt protein in appropriate plant parts is crucial for enhancing resistance against insect pests. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation of Cry1 Ab levels in Chinese domestic GM maize DBN9936, which has recently obtained a biosafety certificate, and evaluated its efficacy against FAW. Quantification of expression levels of Cry1 Ab, via ELISA, indicated a spatio-temporal dynamic, with significant variation of mean Cry1 Ab, ranging from 0.76 to 8.48 μg g–1 FW with the Cry1 Ab protein level ranked as: V6–V8 leafR1 leafR4 leafR1 silkVT tasselR4 kernel. Among the nine locations, the Cry1 Ab levels in DBN9936 of the Xinxiang, Langfang, and Harbin fields were significantly lower than those from Wuhan and Shenyang, and were slightly, but not significantly lower than those from the other four fields. Furthermore, the artificial diet–Cry1 Ab mixture and plant tissue feeding bioassays revealed that DBN9936 has high efficacy against FAW. The insecticidal efficacy of different tissues against FAW larvae reached 34–100% with a descending order of lethality as follows: VT leafR4 leafR1 huskR1 silkVT tasselR4 kernel. Taken together, our results showed that Bt-Cry1 Ab maize DBN9936 has potential as a promising strategy to manage FAW.  相似文献   
4.
为建立耐除草剂转基因作物的高通量检测方法,本试验以目前生产上广泛应用的5种除草剂抗性基因dmopatCP4EPSPSbaraad1为靶标进行多重PCR(MPCR)研究。通过引物适用性测试、反应体系中的不同引物浓度和反应程序中的退火温度测试、灵敏度和特异性验证等,建立了能同时检测5种除草剂抗性基因的MPCR检测方法。结果表明,当dmopatCP4EPSPSbaraad1基因的检测引物终浓度分别为0.2、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.2 μmol·L-1,退火温度为63℃时5种靶标扩增效果较好,且特异性条带清晰且均一。此外,MPCR检测方法具有较好的特异性,对每种靶标的检测灵敏度均可达到0.1%。适用性测试结果显示,MPCR检测方法可对含有5种除草剂抗性基因的多种转基因作物的单个品系或多个品系混合物进行筛选检测。无假阳性和假阴性结果表明,MPCR检测方法对实际样品具有很好的适用性。本试验结果为筛选高效耐除草剂转基因作物检测技术提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   
5.
The 2020 Student Debates of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) were live-streamed during the Virtual Annual Meeting to debate current, prominent entomological issues of interest to members. The Student Debates Subcommittee of the National ESA Student Affairs Committee coordinated the student efforts throughout the year and hosted the live event. This year, four unbiased introductory speakers provided background for each debate topic while four multi-university teams were each assigned a debate topic under the theme ‘Technological Advances to Address Current Issues in Entomology’. The two debate topics selected were as follows: 1) What is the best taxonomic approach to identify and classify insects? and 2) What is the best current technology to address the locust swarms worldwide? Unbiased introduction speakers and debate teams began preparing approximately six months before the live event. During the live event, teams shared their critical thinking and practiced communication skills by defending their positions on either taxonomical identification and classification of insects or managing the damaging outbreaks of locusts in crops.  相似文献   
6.
旨在对制备的甘露糖修饰的壳聚糖聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物[poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide),PLGA]纳米微球作为口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)核酸疫苗递送载体进行评价。采用西佛碱反应和元素分析制备具有一定取代度的甘露糖修饰的壳聚糖衍生物(mannose modified chitosan,MCS),然后,经双重乳化挥发法制备得到甘露糖修饰的壳聚糖PLGA纳米微球(MCS-PLGA-NPs)。采用纳米粒径仪检测MCS-PLGA-NPs粒径分布和表面电势(zeta)、扫描电镜考察其形态、琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察其对质粒的吸附和吸附质粒后抵抗核酸酶降解能力、CCK-8法检测MCS-PLGA-NPs的细胞毒性、激光共聚焦观察巨噬细胞对MCS-PLGA-NPs-质粒DNA复合物的摄取、荧光显微镜和Western blot验证MCS-PLGA-NPs加载质粒DNA在细胞中的表达。元素分析结果表明,成功制备了取代度为5%~10%的MCS。纳米粒径测定和扫描电镜结果表明,MCS-PLGA-NPs的zeta为正值、粒径分布均匀且形态规则呈球形。琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示,MCS-PLGA-NPs吸附质粒的能力随着其质量的增加而增强并且可以在一定程度上抵抗核酸酶降解质粒DNA。在细胞毒性试验中,不同浓度的MCS-PLGA-NPs与RAW264.7细胞共孵育24 h后,细胞存活率仍在85%以上。在细胞摄取试验中,用激光共聚焦显微镜可以明显观察到质粒DNA结合到纳米微球表面被RAW264.7细胞摄取。荧光显微镜和Western blot试验证明MCS-PLGA-NPs加载质粒DNA可以在细胞中进行表达。综上表明,本研究成功制备了MCS以及具有递送核酸疫苗能力的MCS-PLGA-NPs,为FMDV核酸疫苗的递送研究提供了新的方向和见解,也为该递送载体携带特定抗原靶向抗原递呈细胞表面甘露糖受体以及应用于动物免疫的研究奠定基础。  相似文献   
7.
多功能土壤改良剂对河西内陆灌区棕漠土的改良效果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[目的]解决棕漠土保水肥能力弱,有机质含量低,制种玉米产量低而不稳的疑难问题,为河西内陆灌区制种玉米产业可持续发展提供技术支撑。[方法]选择甘肃省酒泉市肃州区棕漠土,采用田间试验方法,进行多功能土壤改良剂配方筛选及对棕漠土改良效果研究。[结果]多功能土壤改良剂最佳配比为:有机生态肥∶保水剂∶制种玉米专用肥∶聚乙烯醇为0.978 3∶0.000 9∶0.019 6∶0.001 2。多功能土壤改良剂最佳施用量为68.75t/hm~2,制种玉米理论产量为6.64t/hm~2。施用多功能土壤改良剂与传统化肥比较,棕漠土总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、团聚体、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量分别增加22.75%,22.76%,22.74%,9.50%,22.75%,22.76%和22.74%;有机质、CEC、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾增加35.01%,21.64%,0.63%,2.26%和2.09%;真菌、细菌和放线菌分别增加93.97%,35.35%,20.78%;蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶分别增加61.82%,44.64%,40.00%和64.29%;制种玉米增产值和施肥利润增加39.23%和31.82%。[结论]施用多功能土壤改良剂,能有效地改善棕漠土理化性质和生物学性质,提高制种玉米产量。  相似文献   
8.
选取油菜秸秆为试验原料,采用浸渍法对MCM-41分子筛进行不同负载量的La改性,利用La/MCM-41分子筛在两段式反应器上进行生物质真空热解在线催化提质制备生物油的试验研究。通过XRD、SEM、Py-IR等方法对MCM-41分子筛进行了表征分析,研究了金属La的引入对生物油有机相理化特性的影响。结果表明,经La改性后的MCM-41保持了载体高度有序的六方型结构,且La/MCM-41表面B酸和L酸的酸量进一步增强;La/MCM-41分子筛能有效降低生物油有机相中酸、醛、酮类等物质的含量,提高烃类物质的含量;当La负载量为5%时,生物油有机相产率增加到18.83%,p H值显著提高并趋向中性,有机相热值高达33.69 MJ/kg,有机相中烃类物质相对峰面积达到34.59%,且以单环芳香烃为主。  相似文献   
9.
国家级名中医王行宽教授善于从心肝肾三脏论治糖尿病,认为心肝火旺、耗伤阴血为发病之本;心火亢盛,肝气郁结,郁火燔灼游行三焦,内外皆病,故善饥消渴;肾精亏损,阴阳不调,津液不布,燥热内生,发为消渴则是疾病演变的必然结果。王教授临床采用自拟消渴方清肝泻心、补益肝肾、滋阴润燥治疗消渴,获满意疗效。  相似文献   
10.
改性秸秆-Fe3O4复合材料对染料废水中亚甲基蓝的去除研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
利用柠檬酸(CA)对秸秆(RS)进行改性制备改性秸秆(CA-RS),并通过化学沉淀法负载Fe_3O_4以制得柠檬酸改性秸秆-Fe_3O_4(CA-RS-Fe)复合材料,利用FTIR和XPS对CA-RS、CA-RS-Fe进行表征,研究在不同固液比、温度、溶液初始pH和浓度条件下,其对溶液中亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附去除效果。结果表明:固液比为1.0 g·L~(-1)、pH在3.0~11.0范围内时,CA-RS对MB去除率达95%以上。拟二级动力学模型能较好地拟合CA-RS和CA-RS-Fe对MB的去除过程。Langmuir模型可以描述MB在CA-RS和CA-RS-Fe表面的吸附。FTIR和XPS分析表明CA-RS表面官能团中的羧基在MB吸附过程中发挥重要作用。CA-RS对MB的吸附机理包括静电作用、氢键和π-π作用。Fe_3O_4的引入减少了CA-RS表面羧基的数量,降低了其对MB的吸附能力,但能实现快速固液分离。研究表明,CA-RS可作为去除染料废水中MB的良好吸附剂,CA-RS负铁之后会降低对MB的吸附量,但有利于提升固液分离效果。  相似文献   
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