基于知识图谱的燃煤电厂与汞研究态势分析

为追踪燃煤电厂与汞的最新进展和排放控制,基于Web of Science数据来源,使用VOSViewer、CiteSpace软件对比了论文数量时间变化、主题演化路径,主要研究实力分布、高影响力论文等知识图谱进行了比较分析,系统了解到中美两国在该领域研究领先,而近期热点是围绕烟气、减排和有害微量元素。     

Effect of Luteolin on Blood Indexes,Liver and Kidney in Mice with Acute Mercury Poisoning

To study the effect of luteolin on blood indexes,liver and kidney in mice with acute mercury poisoning,28 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control group (intraperitoneal injection 0.9% saline),luteolin group (lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin),mercuric chloride group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercury chloride) and mercury chloride+luteolin group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercuric chloride,lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin).The activities of ALT in serum,AST,CREA and BUN contents,blood WBC,RBC,HGB content and GSH and MDA contents of liver tissue were detected.Morphological changes of liver and kidney tissues were observed.The results showed that compared with the control group,the activities of ALT and AST of mercuric chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P < 0.01),serum CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents were significantly increased (P < 0.05) while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were obviously.Compared with mercuric chloride group,the activities of ALT,AST in serum,CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents of mercuric chloride+luteolin group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05),while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly elevated (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were attenuated obviously.The poisoning were characterized by inflammation and the occurrence of anemia when acute mercury poisoning occurred,liver and kidney showed different degrees of injury in mice.Luteolin could reduce the toxic effects of acute mercury poisoning on blood,liver and kidney.     

市售茶叶中重金属含量特征及其分析

为了解市售主要茶叶中重金属的含量情况,采集市售主要茶叶种类,采用高压密闭消解系统、电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)和原子荧光光谱法测定茶叶中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)的含量,并根据《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2012)、《茶叶中铬、镉、汞、砷及氟化物限量》(NY 659—2003)以及《绿色食品-代用茶中华人民共和国农业行业标准》(NY/T 2140—2012)分析了市售茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As的含量特征。结果显示,茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As含量范围分别为0.1~1.67、0.0006~0.085、0.00021~0.022、0.00~0.78 mg/kg,所有茶叶样品Pb、Cd、Hg均符合相关标准。但1.9%茶叶样品中As含量超过国内《绿色食品-代用茶》中As的标准(As≤0.5 mg/kg),超标样品为散装黑茶。茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As含量具有一定的相关性,Pb与As、Hg、Cd元素之间,Cd与As元素之间存在极显著相关。对市场中茶叶进行选择时,建议选择定型包装茶叶,产于广西的定型包装的茉莉花茶较安全;而市场中黑茶和散装茶质量差异较大,在选择相关茶叶商品时应根据其原产地、包装类型及单价分辨其质量的高低。     

汞水平对苋菜种子萌发的影响

采用不同浓度的氯化汞溶液(0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、25.0、50.0、100.0 mg/L)对不同品种苋菜种子进行浸种处理。结果表明,Hg+对苋菜种子萌发的影响在低浓度时有促进作用,随着Hg+浓度增加,苋菜种子的根长和芽长都明显减少,当Hg+浓度达到100 mg/L时,苋菜种子见萌芽,但都有红褐色痕迹,即汞污染现象非常明显;Hg+较高浓度时,各个不同品种苋菜种子导电率相对较高,种子活力相对较低。     

Effect of water temperature on the feeding activity and the resultant mercury levels in the muscle of cultured bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel)

Tuna muscle often contains high levels of mercury, and fish samples with mercury concentrations ten times higher than the specified safety standards have been reported. Here, we report on the relationship between water temperature and the concentration of mercury in the tail muscle tissue of cultured bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis. The fish used in this study were cultured at Fisheries Laboratory of Kinki University (Amami Experimental Station, Kagoshima, Japan). One hundred fish weighing 26.2–89.4 kg were selected for analysis between February 2007 and January 2008. Water temperature during rearing ranged from 21 to 29 °C. The total mercury levels were measured using the reduction vaporizing atomic absorption method after acid digestion. Body weight increased approximately 1.5 times that observed in a previous study, despite feeding activity either being the same or less than that observed previously. The average mercury concentration in white muscle was 0.353 mg kg^?1, remaining almost constant and independent of body growth. Unlike previous studies, seasonality was not observed in this study. Based on these findings, water temperatures within a certain range were considered to stabilize feeding activity and increase feeding efficiency. Consequently, water temperature is considered to have a moderating effect on seasonal fluctuations in muscle mercury concentrations in cultured bluefin tuna.     

汞毒性对草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）幼苗基因型的差异性抑制研究

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）的磷酸葡萄糖异构酶（Pgi）和苹果酸酶（Me）进行了基因频率分析。所研究的草木樨种群具有较高的多态性（A=3.0,Ho=0.346～0.401）,将草木樨种子暴露于HgCl2溶液（30mg·L-1）,萌发后测量各幼苗的上、下胚轴长度以及测定其基因型,判定各基因型与上、下胚轴长度的关系。ANOVA分析表明,对照组中Me-AA基因型幼苗具有下胚轴生长优势,Me-AA基因型个体的下胚轴长度（35.20mm±4.63mm）显著大于以下各基因型个体的下胚轴长度：Me-AB（22.84mm±1.34mm）,Me-BB（22.82mm±0.68mm）和Me-BC（20.00mm±1.21mm）。HgCl2急性暴露对Me各基因型下胚轴的抑制作用呈现均一性。在Pgi基因座,草木樨对照组中各基因型的生长不存在差异,但在HgCl2急性暴露下,Pgi-AC基因型幼苗的下胚轴长度（19.75mm±0.73mm）显著大于Pgi-BB基因型的下胚轴长度（14.67mm±1.04mm）,表明Pgi-AC基因型个体对HgCl2的耐受性更强。等位酶分析技术可用来确定植物的种群遗传结构对生长或重金属的耐受性关系，这种关系的确立对遗传育种、生态修复具有潜在的应用价值。     

贵阳市不同形态汞的分布特征

通过对贵阳市的定点样品的采集取得的数据,分析出贵阳市大气总汞的分布特征与活性气态汞和大气颗粒汞的分布特征,为进一步的研究提供数据及科学基础.     

冻干物料孔隙特性表征的分形模型与分形维数

为了定量表征冷冻干燥物料孔隙结构和形貌特性，采用两种多孔介质分形模型，通过压汞法研究冻干牛肉和冻干腊牛肉孔隙结构的分形特性。研究表明：对于孔隙特征尺度为1～100 μm的冻干牛肉和腊牛肉，采用Menger海绵模型表征孔隙结构时，尽管表观上表现出无标度区分段线性的特性，却无法确定合理的分形维数用于表征物料的孔隙分形结构；而采用热力学关系模型分析物料孔隙结构时，物料孔隙呈现显著的分形特性，并可给出合理的分形维数，该方法可用于定量表征冻干物料的孔隙分形结构特性。     

腐殖酸结合汞对多年生植物(Citrus Sinensis L. Osbeck)的生物有效性初探

野外采集广柑树及供其生长的土壤,研究多年生植物对土壤Hg的吸收及与土壤理化性质、腐殖酸结合汞（HS—Hg）的关系。结果表明,在酸性土壤环境中,酸性过强,果树吸收Hg量会更低;果实部分Hg含量与土壤的有机质或腐殖酸含量呈现负相关关系;HS—Hg特别是FA—Hg（富啡酸结合汞）组分是果树吸收、积累Hg的重要来源,其与根Hg的相关系数达到0．700^＊-0．759^＊＊,且以表层土壤更能提供有效的HS—Hg。     

粘土土壤孔隙大小分布及其与土壤有机质的相关性

Soil pore size distribution(PSD) directly influences soil physical,chemical,and biological properties,and further knowledge of soil PSD is very helpful for understanding soil functions and processes.In this study,PSD of three clayey soils collected from the topsoil(0-20 cm) of Vertisols in Northern China was analyzed using the N_2 adsorption(NA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP) methods.The effect of soil organic matter(SOM) on the PSD of clayey soils was also evaluated.The differential curves of pore volume of clayey soils by the NA method exhibited that the pores with diameter 0.01 μm accounted for more than 50%in the pore size range of 0.001 to 0.1 μm.The differential pore curves of clayey soils by the MIP method exhibited three distinct peaks in pore size range of 60 to 100,0.3 to 0.4 and 0.009 to 0.012 μm,respectively.In the three clayey soils,the ultramicropores(5-0.1μm) were determined to be the main pore class(on average 35.5%),followed by macropores( 75 μm,31.4%),cryptopores(0.1-0.007μm,16.0%),micropores(30-5 μm,9.7%) and mesopores(75-30 μm,7.3%).The SOM greatly affected the pore structure and PSD of aggregates in clayey soils.In particular,SOM removal reduced the volume and porosity of 5-100 μm pores while increased those of 5 μm pores in the 5-2 and 2-0.25 mm aggregates of clayey soils.The increase in the volume and porosity of 5 μm pores may be attributed to the disaggregation and partial emptying of small pores caused by the destruction of SOM.