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[目的]在断裂活动和地下水位变化条件下,对地裂缝上下盘地层的沉降位移与应力变化进行分析,为深入研究地裂缝的形成机理提供参考。[方法]以北京市高丽营地区地裂缝为研究背景原型,基于其活动特征,分析了该地裂缝的发育与断裂构造及地下水水位变化之间的关系,并运用数值模拟方法分别研究了两种诱因作用下模型地层的沉降位移及土体内部应力的变化规律。[结果]断裂错动作用下,地裂缝上盘土层的沉降变形响应程度大于下盘,地表竖向位移变化曲线近似呈反"S"形态,且上盘应力降低区的范围大于下盘应力增强区的范围;地层沉降量随地下水位的下降而不断增加,其土体应力变化曲线呈"中心对称"。[结论]断裂两侧附近的土体沉降位移和应力变化的差异较明显,且差异沉降与水位降深呈正相关,地下水位下降易诱发地裂缝的影响范围是上盘45m和下盘35m,研究成果可为地裂缝灾害地区的防灾减灾提供科学的理论依据。  相似文献   
3.
Objective Guinea pigs have a very low threshold of corneal sensitivity and at the same time nearly no reflex tearing compared to dogs, cats, and horses. The question arose whether there is a general correlation between corneal sensitivity and the quantity of reflex tearing. Animals studied Totally 160 animals of 8 different species (20 animals per species) were investigated. Procedures The corneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured with a Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer. The palpebral fissure length (PFL) was measured with a calliper ruler. The Schirmer tear test (STT) was modified by adapting the width of the STT strip to the PFL of every species. For the STT II, 0.4% oxybuprocaine was applied. Results Corneal touch threshold: Cows (1.67 g/mm2), horses (1.23 g/mm2), sheep (1.13 g/mm2), goats (1.44 g/mm2), dogs (2.16 g/mm2), and cats (1.33 g/mm2) show similar CTT values. In contrast, rabbits (6.21 g/mm2) and guinea pigs (7.75 g/mm2) show a significantly lower CTT. Tear Production Difference STT I ? STT II: Rabbits have the greatest decline in tear production with 38.4%, followed by sheep (33.3%), dogs (31.1%), cats (24.7%), cows (23.7%), horses (18.0%), and goats (14.0%). Guinea pigs have no decline, but a slight increase of ?16.0%. Correlation CTT and STT II ? STT I Difference: Pearson’s correlation coefficient shows a small, but significant correlation. The coefficient of determination can only forecast a value with 7.1% certainty. Conclusions The high variance and low reproducibility of results suggest that the measuring devices are inappropriate to assess the evaluated parameters. Therefore, no assured correlation between the corneal sensitivity and the quantity of reflex tearing could be found.  相似文献   
4.
Perilous rock is a kind of typical disaster and characterized by multitudinous structural planes; when the disaster happens, only one of the planes is the control fissue and the others are secondary. In this paper, the authors have done some attempts for  相似文献   
5.
水稻混流干燥工艺的试验研究   总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1  
混流式粮食干燥机是当前中国应用最广泛的粮食干燥机机型,但由于水稻干燥的特殊性,横流循环干燥机基本上是水稻干燥的唯一机型,这造成国内粮食干燥机的利用率普遍不高。为了充分提高现有混流式干燥机的利用率,利用移动式混流粮食干燥机进行了稻谷的干燥试验,研究了不同的风温、不同的干燥缓苏比对稻谷爆腰率及降水速率的影响规律。研究结果表明:稻谷混流干燥过程中应有必要的缓苏。当干燥缓苏比一定时,烘干温度与爆腰率增值存在线性关系;当烘干温度一定时,干燥缓苏比与爆腰率增值存在线性关系;采用混流干燥机干燥稻谷时热风温度可以高于横流干燥机5~10℃,降水速率最高可达1.3%/h。  相似文献   
6.
化学灌浆在混凝土细裂缝治理中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
详细介绍了化学灌浆的施工技术、设备及化学灌浆材料,结合工程实例加以论述,并证实与缝表面嵌填封涂的处理方式比较,化学灌浆治理混凝土细裂缝更为行之有效.  相似文献   
7.
基于原型观测与DEM的强风化花岗岩小流域水文过程模拟   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为了解华南花岗岩小流域特殊的产流机制,以土壤为砂壤土、基岩为强风化花岗岩的中山大学珠海校区滨海小流域作为研究对象,观测了2个分别代表森林、灌丛覆盖的5 m×10 m的径流试验场的产流过程和土壤含水率变化过程。观测结果表明超渗产流、优先流是试验场的重要产流方式,壤中流(尤其是在土壤-基岩界面上产生的壤中流)对试验场的总产流量也有较大贡献。在径流试验场原型观测基础上,建立了一个基于数字高程模型(DEM)的、包括地表径流、壤中流和基岩裂隙出流的三水源小流域水文模型。利用9次降雨径流过程对模型参数进行率定,利用4次降雨径流过程进行验证,模型的率定、验证均取得了良好的拟合效果。根据模型的模拟结果,在径流的起涨阶段地表产流贡献最大,而基岩裂隙出流对退水过程贡献明显。综合试验场原型观测结果与模型模拟结果得出结论:明显的壤中流和基岩裂隙出流是华南花岗岩小流域显著的产流特点。  相似文献   
8.
Reason for performing study: Fissures of the occlusal surface of the equine cheek tooth are poorly understood and their association with dental disease is unknown. Objective: To describe the prevalence and location of occlusal fissures in the cheek teeth (CT) of a group of horses referred for dental investigation/treatment, and determine association with intercurrent dental disease. Methods: Digital video recordings of oral endoscopic examinations for all horses referred to the Rossdales Equine Hospital for dental investigation from November 2006 to June 2009 were reviewed. Location of occlusal fissures in relation to both Triadan tooth position and pulpar secondary dentine was recorded; direction of fissure and concurrent involvement of enamel was also documented. The CT location considered at the time of examination to be the primary site/s of disease was correlated with presence of fissures on these teeth. Results: 91 cases meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Occlusal fissures were documented in 58.2% (53/91) cases, with a total of 227 CT being affected. Fissures were most prevalent mid‐arcade. The majority (92.1%) of fissures in maxillary CT were associated with the caudal palatal pulp horn. Fissures in mandibular CT were predominantly associated with the buccal pulp horns (95.7%). There was no significant difference in the median number of CT with fissures in relation to gender. There was no correlation between age (r2= 0.01) of horse and number of CT with fissures. A significantly greater number of CT with multiple occlusal fissures was found in mandibular compared to maxillary arcades. No correlation was found between presence of fissures and location of individual CT considered to be primarily responsible for presentation. Conclusions: Occlusal fissures in this group of animals were common and not correlated to primary site of dental disease. Potential relevance: In horses subjected to dental investigation, occlusal fissures of the cheek teeth should not be considered an indicator of tooth compromise. Location and direction of fissure propagation in most cases is inconsistent with occlusal fissures being causally implicated in slab fractures of cheek teeth, although site predilection may indicate a possible association with masticatory forces.  相似文献   
9.
水稻吸湿过程的内部传质及裂纹机理研究   总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2  
假定水稻为复合椭球体,在圆柱坐标下,利用有限元法,通过改进的传质模型和粘弹性力学模型,对吸湿环境下水稻颗粒内部水分分布和应力应变分布进行数学模拟。模拟结果表明:水稻吸湿时,表层含水率很快达到平衡水分,中心含水率变化缓慢;水稻颗粒中心所受拉应力最大,表层所受压应力最大,沿颗粒横向从内向外应力由受拉逐渐变为受压;水稻颗粒中心首先形成应力裂纹的可能性最大。利用吸湿实验对模拟结果进行了间接验证。  相似文献   
10.
太谷地裂缝主要分布在北部平原区。在分析太谷县地裂缝发育特征的基础上,从地质构造、地震、地下水超采和地层等方面,探讨了地裂缝的形成原因。分析得出地层是地裂缝形成的物质基础,基底断裂构造、新构造运动是地裂缝形成的主导原因;地下水的过量开采是地裂缝的关键性诱发因素,并提出了避让、加固、回灌等是防治地裂缝地质灾害的对策。  相似文献   
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