北京小西山山前洪积扇不同土地利用方式下的土壤微形态特征

通过对北京小西山山前代表性洪积扇的观察研究,探索不同土地利用方式对土壤微形态特征的影响。通过对土壤薄片的观察,分析土壤微形态特征;用ENVI及MATLAB软件处理图片,并对孔隙度进行定量分析。结果表明:1)林地(WL1)剖面表层土壤微结构为海绵状结构,而园地(WL2)和菜地(WL3)的表层土壤多呈整块状结构或孔道结构;2)各采样点土壤矿物成分相近,但骨骼颗粒形态特征有较大差异。3)WL1剖面土壤孔隙度较高,以面状孔隙为主,WL2和WL3剖面土壤孔隙度过低,以中小孔隙居多。研究认为:1)林地的土壤微结构较园地和菜地的好,由于人类的不合理利用和管理,园地和菜地使土壤微结构变差,土壤孔隙度下降。2)各采样点土壤成土母质相似,土壤骨骼颗粒形态差异受到不同土地利用方式下人类干扰程度差异的影响。     

Research on the Impact of Green Roof on Indoor Human Thermal Comfort

An experiment is conducted on the impact of green roof on Indoor Human Thermal Comfort. The result shows that the temperatures of the building walls and indoor air fall for certain degrees, and that is good. But unfortunately, the relative humidity of the indoor air rises. Totally speaking, the whole effect is changed from feeling warm to basically acceptable. When the requirement of the indoor environment is high, it is impossible to be satisfied by exploiting green roof solely, other methods, such as using night ventilation, electric fans or air-conditioners, should be taken at the same time.     

木材干燥窑风机回转可调控引导送风系统

为改善常规木材干燥窑能耗大、送风不均匀和效率低等不足,研制了干燥窑风机回转送风装置和可调控引导送风装置.实践表明,这两种装置可使送风气流量增加,木材干燥窑节电60%,干燥周期平均缩短2天;省去挡风板,使干燥窑高度降低约0.5 m,节省了干燥窑初期投资约2万元;材堆装卸简便,设备维护保养方便.     

江淮地区冬季羊舍供暖及通风换气效果

为改善江淮地区冬季肉羊养殖福利状况、提高肉羊生产水平,该文以江淮地区最常见的双坡顶有窗封闭羊舍为研究对象,利用油汀式电暖气为羊舍供暖以及负压风机与电暖气相结合方式为羊舍通风换气进行试验研究。结果表明：冬季舍外有效温度为3.04 ℃,供暖羊舍空气温度和羔羊日增质量可分别比对照羊舍提高3.4 ℃和29 g,空怀母羊日平均采食量比对照舍降低90 g,说明羊舍冬季供暖经济可行;换气羊舍空气温度、相对湿度通风前后差异不显著（P＞0.05）,NH3质量浓度和CO2体积分数通风前后差异显著（P＜0.05）,证实这种换气方式能够解决羊舍冬季保暖与通风换气的矛盾。综合认为,该研究为南方江淮地区冬季肉羊舍环境调控奠定了基础。     

Geomorphology, pedology and sedimentology of the Deoha/Ganga–Ghaghara Interfluve, Upper Gangetic Plains (Himalayan Foreland Basin) — Extensional tectonic implications

Regional mapping of soils helped to identify and map 24 soil-geomorphic units on the Deoha/Ganga–Ghaghara Interfluve in the Upper Gangetic Plains (Himalayan Foreland Basin). On the basis of luminescence ages soil-geomorphic units can be grouped into five members of a Morphostratigraphic Sequence with ages of ≤ 1.7 ka, 1.8–3.6 ka, 4.6–6.4 ka, 6.8–10 ka and > 10 ka. Except for two units with sandy parent material, all the members with loamy parent materials show systematic increase in the degree of soil development from Member QGMS-I to V. Major pedogenic processes are salinization, alkalinization, illuviation, calcrete development and gleying, and degradation of some micromorphological features is observed in the oldest soils.Regional mapping and dating of soils show that the Interfluve between the Deoha/Ganga–Ghaghara rivers is bounded by longitudinal faults, along the bounding rivers. The major longitudinal faults trend N–S or NNE–SSW in the northern region; turn N–S in the central region and take easterly to SEE direction in the south, giving the Interfluve a curvilinear shape. Strike of a set of six transverse extensional normal faults changes from approximately E–W to NEE–SWW in the southernmost region of the Interfluve. Downthrown sides are to the south and to the east in northern region and western region, respectively.Due to the activity of different segments of various transverse faults during a probably dry sub-humid to semi-arid climatic period of 10–5 ka, terminal fans were deposited on the downthrown blocks. Thus, role of extensional tectonics in an overall compressional regime is significant. Also, tilting of smaller blocks leading to the shifting away of large rivers seems to be an additional control on the distribution of soils and sedimentation on the Interfluve.     

ANALYSIS OF OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR DIAGONAL MINE FANS

We shall discuss the real opererating conditions of the mine fans . in the mine diagonal ventilation system and establish a set of mathematics model for analysing the real engineering to provide judgement for technical manage ment of mine ventilation.     

农业环境控制用轴流通风机设计方法

深入分析研究了农业环境控制用轴流通风机的性能和结构特点。实验分析了墙装式高效通风机进口流速场,并建立了通风机入口轴向流速分布模型。对传统的通风机设计方法进行分析研究后,提出高效的农业环境墙装式轴流通风机的设计方法,并用该方法计算了实例,取得了满意的结果。     

Response of alluvial fan systems to the late Pleistocene to Holocene climatic transition: contrasts between the margins of pluvial Lakes Lahontan and Mojave, Nevada and California, USA

Dated shorelines of late Pleistocene pluvial Lakes Lahontan (Great Basin Desert, northwest Nevada) and Mojave (Mojave Desert, eastern California) provide timelines for the assessment of alluvial fan sedimentation at the lake margins during the late Pleistocene to early Holocene. Two sets of alluvial fan systems have been mapped: the Stillwater fans, feeding Lake Lahontan; and the Zzyzx fans, feeding Lake Mojave. Their contrasting morphologies suggest different responses of the two fan systems to late Pleistocene to early Holocene climatic change. At the time the Stillwater fan systems underwent minimal sedimentation, with the catchment hillslopes apparently stable. The Zzyzx fans experienced major changes in water and sediment supply from the catchment hillslopes. There was a major phase of hillslope debris-flow activity, followed by fanhead trenching and distal fan progradation. Both areas were wetter and colder in the late Pleistocene than they are today, but during the transition to the Holocene the Zzyzx area was more likely to experience intense rains associated with the monsoonal penetration of warm moist tropical air into the Southwest. Vegetation reconstructions for the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene suggest that catchment hillslopes in the Mojave supported a desert shrub vegetation, but those in the Stillwaters supported juniper woodland and grasses at low elevations and pine at higher elevations. Contrasts in hillslope vegetation cover together with storm activity may account for the different responses of the alluvial fans to climatic change during the Pleistocene to Holocene climatic transition. After the falls in lake levels of Lakes Lahontan and Mojave in the early Holocene, both areas underwent aridification, resulting in reductions in hillslope vegetation cover. Increased storm runoff led to fanhead trenching and distal progradation of the alluvial fans. Variations in fan style at that time may relate primarily to base-level conditions resulting from different gradients on the exposed lake shores.     

南方夏季肉牛舍湿帘风机负压通风系统降温效果

为改善南方夏季肉牛舍环境条件，该文对湿帘风机负压通风系统在肉牛舍的降温效果进行了探究。试验以栓系饲养西门塔尔公牛为试验对象，对环境、肉牛生理及增重情况进行测定。结果表明：降温后，试验舍平均温度降低3.2 ℃（P<0.01），相对湿度增加21.3%（P<0.01），肉牛附近风速增加0.30 m/s（P<0.01），肉牛体感温度降低1.8 ℃（P<0.01）；试验牛呼吸频率平均降低13次/min（P<0.01），皮温降低0.92 ℃（P<0.01），平均日增质量提高0.13 kg/d（P>0.05）。由此可知，在肉牛舍中采用湿帘风机负压通风系统进行降温，能够有效改善舍内热环境，有助于缓解肉牛热应激，具有技术可行性。     

Late Quaternary alluvial fans and paleosols of the Kangra basin,NW Himalaya: Tectonic and paleoclimatic implications

The paper describes Late Quaternary pedosedimentary sequences of the alluvial fans from the Kangra basin of NW Himalayas for tectonic and paleoclimatic implications. In the proximal part of the Kangra basin three coalescing alluvial fans, namely Rait-Rihlu fans (~ 65 km²), Kangra fans (~ 200 km²), and Palampur fans (~ 170 km²) from west to east evolved due to reactivation of longitudinal and transverse faults and climatic changes during the Late Quaternary. The fans are characterised by subsidence of Rait-Rihlu fans, uplift of Kangra fans and tilting of Palampur fans. The thick (~ 90 m) pedosedimentary sequences exposed along the rivers characterise the dominant formative processes over the fans. The stream flow sediments dominate the Rait-Rihlu fans, whereas the debris flow sediments dominate the Kangra and Palampur fans. The fan sequences are also marked by the formation of strongly developed paleosols on loess (L1–L3 loess paleosols) and weakly developed paleosols on fluvial deposits in response to the tectonics and climate change in NW Himalayas.