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1.
Differences in gas exchange parameters i.e. carbon exchange rate (CER), transpiration (Tr), water vapor conductance (g) were investigated, under a controlled environment, in a semi-dwarf (SD) Triticum aestivum line, its tall (TL) near isoline and the Payne (PA) variety characterized by small leaves. The plants were maintained in: (a) optimal substrate moisture condition (CTR); (b) salinized by watering with a 0.12 m NaCl solution (SLT); (c) water stressed by withholding waterings during a period of six days (STR); (d) stressed and salinized during the same period and with the same saline solution (S + S). CER and Tr were negatively affected by the stresses; SLT and S + S treatments had a higher WUE compared to their respective controls CTR and STR.
SD line had a better performance in terms of CER and WUE, particularly when water and salt stresses interacted. Leaf anatomy and assimilation/internal CO2 concentration curves contributed to explaining the SD performance.  相似文献   
2.
本文以多变热力过程为基础建立了有摩擦管路的计算公式,并对计算方法和有关问题作了分析说明.  相似文献   
3.
The temperature dependence of chemical reaction rates and microbial metabolism mean that temperature is a key factor regulating soil trace gas emissions and hydrochemistry. Here we evaluated a novel approach for studying the thermal response of soils, by examining the effects of temperature on gas emissions and hydrochemistry in (a) peat and (b) soil from a Sitka spruce plantation. A thermal gradient was applied along an aluminium bar, allowing soil to be incubated contemporaneously from 2 to 18 °C. The approach demonstrated clear differences in the biogeochemical responses of the two soil types to warming. The peat showed no significant emission of CH4 at temperatures below 6 °C, while above 6 °C, a marked increase in the rate of release was apparent up to 15 °C (Q10 = 2.5) with emissions being similar between 15 and 18 °C. Conversely, CH4 emissions from the forest soil did not respond to warming. Nitrate availability in the peat decreased by 90% between 2 and 18 °C (P < 0.01), whereas concentrations in the forest soil did not respond. Sulphate availability in the peat decreased significantly with warming (60%, P < 0.01), while the forest soil showed the opposite response (a 30% increase, P < 0.01). Conventionally, thermal responses are studied by incubating individual soil samples at different temperatures, involving lengthy preparation and facilities to incubate samples at different temperatures simultaneously. Data collected on a given thermal response is usually limited and thus interpolated or extrapolated. The thermal gradient method overcomes these problems, is simple and flexible, and can be adapted for a wide range of sample types (not confined to soil). Such apparatus may prove useful in the optimization of management practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, as thermal responses will differ depending on land use and soil type.  相似文献   
4.
阐述了体外产气法的原理、影响体外产气量的因素及其研究前景。  相似文献   
5.
本文阐述了SS—1型声速实验仪的原理、结构和测量方法。波动学和分子物理学是物理学中的重要组成部分,"声速的测量"和"Y值的测量"两个实验有助于学生对波动相位的空间分布、谐振动的合成、李萨育图、能量按自由度均分原  相似文献   
6.
有效碳数法研究及其在农药气相色谱分析中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
有机化合物结构与其所含有的有效碳数有一定的关系,本文给出了20类结构化合物及其所含有有效碳数的关系,并对理论计算值和实测值进行了比较,结果十分接近,利用有效碳数法可以设计农药分析实验方案和无标样的情况下测定农药杂质含量。  相似文献   
7.
The effects of growth and leaf temperature on photosynthesis were evaluated in sweet orange seedlings ( Citrus sinensis cv. Pera) infected with Xylella fastidiosa (the bacterium that causes citrus variegated chlorosis, CVC). Measurements of leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll  a fluorescence were taken at leaf temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40°C in healthy and infected (without visible symptoms) seedlings submitted to two temperature regimes (25/20 or 35/20°C, day/night), not simultaneously. The CO2 assimilation rates ( A ) and stomatal conductance ( g s) were higher in healthy plants in both temperature regimes. Values for A and g s of infected and healthy plants were higher in the 35/20°C regime, decreasing with leaf temperature increase. In addition, differences between healthy and infected plants were higher at 35/20°C, while no differences in chlorophyll  a fluorescence parameters were observed except for potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II, which was higher in infected plants. Low A values in infected plants were caused by low g s and probably by biochemical damage to photosynthesis. The high alternative electron sink of infected plants was another effect of reduced A . Both high growth and high leaf temperatures increased differences in A between healthy and infected plants. Therefore this feature may be partially responsible for lower growth and/or productivity of CVC-affected plants in regions with high air temperature.  相似文献   
8.
本文分析了燃煤集中供热的优缺点,并对未来城市供热的发展趋势提出了一些独特看法。  相似文献   
9.
为明确漏缝地板发酵床对育肥羊养殖过程氨(NH3)和温室气体排放特征的影响机制,本研究设置地面和漏缝地板发酵床两个试验处理,测定分析了育肥羊养殖过程NH3、氧化亚氮(N2O)、二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)的排放特征,并采用宏基因组学解析了影响上述气体排放的微生物学机理。试验结果表明,与地面相比,漏缝地板发酵床能够显著降低育肥羊养殖过程的NH3排放(P<0.05),其NH3排放速率为21.64~58.92 mg·m-2·h-1,NH3累积排放量为86.36±1.06 g·m-2,减排率达58.60%。漏缝地板发酵床同样也能显著降低育肥羊养殖过程的CH4排放速率(P<0.05),其CH4累积排放量为26.66 g·m-2,减排率可达64.42%。然而,漏缝地板发酵床会使得...  相似文献   
10.
燃烧室结构对天然气发动机燃烧过程的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为了研究燃烧室结构对天然气发动机燃烧过程的影响,模拟了浅盆形和涡流室式燃烧室结构的天然气发动机的进气、压缩及燃烧过程。给出了2种不同结构燃烧室的燃烧持续期、燃烧过程中缸内气流运动、火焰前锋面位置等,并对2种燃烧室进行了试验对比。模拟计算及试验结果表明,通过涡流室喷孔的约束作用,可以改善已燃气体和未燃气体之间的传热传质模式,提高火焰传播速度。  相似文献   
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