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1.
This study used two different collectors made of polypropylene (PP) rope and polyethylene (PE) fishing net to determine Mediterranean mussel's settlement, growth, condition index (CI), meat yield (MY) and shell thickness index (STI) during the period spent between June 2017 and November 2018. With this regard, chlorophyll a, water temperature, salinity, pH and particulate matter were defined through water samples that were collected on monthly basis triplicate. The mean chlorophyll a level was recorded as 0.32 ± 0.31 μg/L, while water temperature was 19.73 ± 5.14°C, salinity was 35 ± 2.070‰, pH was 8.12 ± 0.04, and TPM was 14.91 ± 10.48 mg/L. As a result of the cultivation period of 8 months spent following the first intense grip, the length of the mussels is measured as 31.79 ± 6.20 mm. Based on the Pearson correlation analysis results, the most important environmental parameter affecting Mediterranean mussels growth in length on PP rope collectors is the temperature (p < .05). The STI and CI were determined to be related with environmental temperature parameters, while no determinations could be obtained concerning the correlation of MY with environmental parameters. Assessment of Mediterranean mussels’ growth rate in PP rope collectors proved significant differences (p < .05) between March and November 2018. As no Mediterranean mussels are observed on PE fishing nets during the samplings performed throughout the study period, it is determined that PE fishing nets are not suitable collector types for Mediterranean mussel cultivation.  相似文献   
2.
具有较好环保性能的包膜材料用于缓控释肥生产,可防止膜材料对土壤造成的潜在危害。本文以明胶、聚乙烯醇为原料复合共混制备膜材料,利用红外光谱(FTIR),扫描电镜(SEM)表征材料结构,并研究了膜材料拉伸强度和断裂伸张率力学性能,受控堆肥条件下的生物降解行为,明胶/PVA复合材料包膜尿素的养分缓释性及对小鼠的急性经口毒性。结果表明:当复合膜材料配比为m(PVA):m(Gel)=4:1时,组分相容性最好,并表现出良好力学性能、养分缓释性能和生物降解性能,复合材料包膜的肥料对小鼠无毒性作用,具有较好安全性。因此明胶/PVA复合膜材料具有较好的环保性能,其作为缓控释肥料的包膜材料具有较好应用前景。  相似文献   
3.
为量化农田裂隙发育程度,考虑脱湿过程中土壤孔隙在基质域、沉降域和裂隙域间转化,该研究提出基于土壤收缩特征和收缩各向异性的裂隙体积比率(裂隙率)关于含水率的预测模型。该模型包括3个子模型:改进VG型式的基质域收缩特征VG-PENG模型,描述收缩各向异性的几何因子Logistic模型,基于上述VG-PENG收缩特征模型和几何因子模型的裂隙率预测模型。通过土壤收缩试验和裂隙演化监测试验,采用图像处理技术提取裂隙数据,评价了该模型的优度及适用性。结果表明,VG-PENG收缩模型具有较好的连续性和明确的物理意义,可精确描述土壤收缩特征(R~20.98);该研究引入Logistic曲线描述土壤收缩几何因子,揭示了收缩过程中土壤横向开裂和纵向沉降的各向异性机理,提出了脱湿初期纵向沉降(几何因子趋近1)、中期主沉降-副开裂(几何因子处于1~3之间)、后期趋于稳定3个阶段,Logistic模型可精确描述收缩几何因子随含水率变化;基于VG-PENG收缩模型和Logistic几何因子模型,构建了裂隙率关于含水率的演化模型,该模型呈"S"型曲线,取决于土壤收缩属性及其各向异性特征,裂隙率模拟值和实测值吻合较好,呈显著水平(R~20.90,P0.001)。该研究裂隙率预测模型修正了土壤收缩各向异性在裂隙率估算中造成的误差,并突破性地将VG-PENG收缩特征曲线进一步推演并应用于裂隙率模拟,可方便、快捷地通过土壤收缩数据预测农田裂隙率随含水率演化规律,为膨缩土裂隙流研究提供理论依据和参数基础。  相似文献   
4.
翅多型现象在昆虫中广泛存在,比如蚜虫有有翅蚜和无翅蚜,无翅蚜无翅不能飞行。翅型分化是蚜虫对不良生态环境的适应策略。有翅蚜能飞行,使其逃离不良环境并找到新的栖息地;而无翅蚜繁殖周期短、繁殖量大,有助于维持一定的种群数量。影响蚜虫翅发育的因素有遗传因素和环境因素,由环境因素决定的翅的多型现象被称为翅的非遗传多型性。本文就蚜虫翅型分化的生态学意义、影响因素,以及蚜虫翅型分化的生理和分子机制进行了综述。关于影响蚜虫翅型分化的遗传因素的研究较少,部分研究发现豌豆蚜翅型由X染色体上的一对等位基因所控制。更多的研究表明蚜虫翅型分化受环境因素影响,影响蚜虫翅型分化的环境因素有光周期、温度、种群密度、共生微生物、天敌、杀虫剂及抗生素等,事实上这些环境因素往往不是单方面存在的。保幼激素、蜕皮激素等外源激素会影响包括蚜虫在内昆虫的翅型分化,蚜虫的拥挤效应最终可能也是通过激素调控发挥作用。外源激素可以作用于出生后的低龄若虫也可作用于预产期的成虫,比如给豆蚜中龄若蚜施加保幼激素处理后,会出现超龄若虫,而不是无翅蚜。相反,反-β-法尼烯(EBF)的刺激会诱导有翅蚜后代的产生。另有研究发现,上一代豌豆蚜注射蜕皮激素可以减少有翅后代数量,而通过RNA干扰(RNA interference, RNAi)EcR受体或施加EcR抑制物也会导致后代有翅个体增加。蚜虫翅型分化分子机制的研究起始于对同一基因型蚜虫有翅、无翅成虫个体的差异表达基因或差异表达蛋白。  相似文献   
5.
农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准是农业转基因生物安全管理必不可少的技术保障。截至2021年1月,农业部/农业农村部共发布了农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准47项。本文对我国农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准体系现状进行初步总结,对国内外农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准的发展现状进行比较,探讨了今后一段时间内农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准的发展方向,以期为我国农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准的进一步完善提供借鉴,使其更好地为农业转基因生物安全管理工作提供技术支撑。  相似文献   
6.
7.
阿维菌素类药物是一种常用的杀虫剂,现有报道的食品和环境基质样品中阿维菌素残留分析最为常用的检测仪器为液相色谱-串联质谱。基于此,已建立了一系列的不同样基质中多种阿维菌素类药物残留量的检测方法,本研究除了关注常见的多种阿维菌素残留量的测定方法,也关注了食品和环境样品中单种阿维菌素化合物的专一性检测方法。本研究从阿维菌素在食品和环境领域的应用以及赋存状态、前处理方式(提取和净化方法)、检测方法(液相色谱法、酶联免疫法和液相色谱-串联质谱法)及定量方式和基质干扰等方面,综述了2010—2020年不同检测技术在食品和环境样品基质中阿维菌素类化合物残留分析中的研究与应用进展。最后,综述了多残留量检测方法的局限性,未来的关注点以及对阿维菌素残留分析方法的发展趋势。本研究可为开展烟草中阿维菌素类化合物残留分析技术研究提供参考。  相似文献   
8.
The widespread use of sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate(OBS), a typical alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonate, has resulted in potential threats to the environment, but the adsorption behavior of OBS in soils has not yet been reported. In this study, the adsorption behaviors of OBS on five soils with different physicochemical properties were investigated. The rate of OBS adsorption was fast, and most of the OBS uptake was completed within 12 h. The good model fit of OBS adsorption to the pseudo-second-order and Elovich models indicated the occurrence of chemical adsorption. The adsorption isotherms of OBS on the soils were better described by the Freundlich model than by the Langmuir model, suggesting that the OBS adsorption sites on the soils were heterogeneous. This is possibly associated with various adsorption mechanisms including hydrophobic, π-π, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions,further confirmed by the good model fit to the D-R isotherm. Adsorption of OBS occurred on the soils, and the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. In addition, the soils were more suitable for OBS adsorption at lower pH values due to the stronger electrostatic adsorption. The OBS adsorption on the soils decreased with the increase of soil depth from 0 to 30 cm. Moreover, the presence of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in the soils was favorable for OBS adsorption, and these parameters decreased with increasing soil depth, making OBS adsorption less prominent in the deeper soil. This study indicates that OBS is easily enriched in surface soils, and that soil organic matter and ammonia nitrogen significantly affect OBS migration in soil.  相似文献   
9.
● Agriculture on Loess Plateau has transformed from food shortage to green development. ● Terracing and check-dams are the key engineering measures to increase crop yields. ● Agronomic measures and policy support greatly increased crop production. ● Increasing non-agricultural income is a key part of increasing farmers’ income. ● Grain for Green Program had an overwhelming advantage in protecting environment. Loess Plateau of China is a typical dryland agricultural area. Agriculture there has transformed from food shortage toward green development over the past seven decades, and has achieved world-renowned achievements. During 1950–1980, the population increased from 42 to 77 million, increasing grain production to meet food demand of rapid population growth was the greatest challenge. Engineering measures such as terracing and check-dam were the crucial strategies to increase crop production. From 1981 to 2000, most of agronomic measures played a key role in increasing crops yield, and a series of policy support has benefited millions of smallholders. As expected, these measures and policies greatly increased crop production and basically achieved food security; but, low per capita GDP (only about 620 USD in 2000) was still a big challenge. During 2001–2015, the increase in agricultural and non-agricultural income together supported the increase in farmer income to 5781 USD·yr–1. Intensive agriculture that relies heavily on chemicals increased crop productivity by 56%. Steadfast policy support such as “Grain for Green Program” had an overwhelming advantage in protecting the natural ecological environment. In the new era, the integration of science and technology innovations, policy support and positive societal factors will be the golden key to further improve food production, protect environment, and increase smallholder income.  相似文献   
10.
以杭州市清泰水厂进水泵房给水泵为对象,通过对千岛湖作为第二供应水源后水质变化进行理论分析和试验研究,以及水源变化后水泵实际流量扬程等性能进行分析研究,提出在千岛湖、钱塘江等多水源下给水泵的选型设计。通过给水泵叶轮切削的方式,使给水泵新的工况点处于高效区域内,确保给水泵安全顺利生产运行,提高进水泵房给水泵的效率,满足日供水量的要求。  相似文献   
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