Social and Ecnomic Values of Urban Forestry：Malaysian Perspective

1 INTRODUCTIONUrban forestry means different things to differentpeople, depending on one’s perspective. Some peopleview urban forestry in terms of economic values,rather than cultural or social values, whereas othersmay perceive it in terms of all three types of values.As such, the management of urban green spaces maybe tailored to suchvalues. To Kuchelmeisterand TREECITY (1998), urban greening and urban forestry aretwo different fields altogether. They referred to urbangreening as t…     

Evaluation method of the ecological benefits of urban green spaces and application conditions

The importance of ecological benefit analyses about green space systems has been widely discussed on the basis of a per-ceived bias towards the landscaping effect of green spaces to be built in urban areas as opposed to the perception of comprehensive ecological benefits of designed plant communities. Given the basic principle of ecological benefit analyses and evaluation methods widely applied today, the methodology to calculate ecological benefits and to model the expansion of urban green spaces by CITY-green 5.0 and its conditions for application were explored. We propose that aerial images can be substituted by AutoCAD graphics of a green space containing detailed information of plant dispositions by digitizing the key features during the working process in order to evaluate the ecological benefits quickly and to offer proper guidance to the establishment of small scale green spaces in urban areas. The theoretical foundation, potential application range and prospects for extension of the method are introduced by using the analysis of ecological benefits of the green spaces on the campus of Southwest Forestry College, Kunming, as an example.     

Allergenic pollen of ornamental plane trees in a Mediterranean environment and urban planning as a prevention tool

Green spaces and urban green infrastructure are new concepts in urban planning, and lately, the influence of green spaces in cities and how this presence affects local climate change have been taken into account. Moreover, some of the ornamental trees most used in cities provoke allergic symptoms in sensitized people. Due to the importance the plane trees in our parks and cities have as ornamental trees, this article assesses the urban Platanus airborne pollen concentration in the air of five cities of the SW Iberian Peninsula and tries to determine the differential factors that its distribution has by means of combining continuous monitoring of the air using volumetric spore traps and the geolocation of plane trees. They were counted separately according to the direction (Q1 NE, Q2 SE, Q3 SW, Q4 NW) around the spore trap location in circles of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 m in diameter. Pollen sums were distributed according to the predominant wind direction for each day. The highest concentrations for Platanus pollen were recorded in Don Benito. Differences amongst pollen stations were found and were mainly related to their degree of maturity and their proximity to spore traps, and finally, with the number of plane trees. Furthermore, other factors, as the pruning, which is different in each city and even in a more local way, affects pollination and is frequently unknown to aerobiological studies. The geolocation of ornamental trees can be a useful tool for providing summarized information about their behavioral differences amongst cities, which can be used to create healthy itineraries, minimizing the natural hazards in human health (allergic diseases) and could be implemented into a model to help policy-makers to create measures to improve green urban development.     

矮化中间砧苹果施氮位置对细根分布、氮素吸收和产量品质的影响

为明确矮化中间砧苹果树合理的施肥位置,减少氮肥的浪费。试验于2018年和2019年,以‘烟富3’苹果/SH6/八棱海棠为试材,借助15N同位素示踪技术,研究了萌芽前在树冠投影范围距树干由近及远的3个水平距离——内环、中环和外环施氮对新梢旺长期细根和土壤15N分布、树体15N吸收以及果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明:各处理的苹果细根(直径≤2 mm)根长密度均在水平方向和垂直方向呈衰减规律,主要分布在距离树干水平方向0~100 cm、垂直方向0~40 cm土层范围;与不施肥(对照)相比,施氮增加了细根根长密度,以施氮区内细根根长密度增加最为显著;从垂直方向0~20 cm土层施氮区细根根长密度增加量来看,内环施氮处理增幅最大,为对照的1.33倍~1.36倍,其次是中环施氮处理。各处理土壤15N含量峰值在水平方向均出现在施氮区域,在垂直方向均出现在0~20 cm土层。不同处理间树体细根根长密度与土壤15N分布空间吻合度(RLD-15N)差异显著,内环施氮处理显著高于中环和外环施氮处理。内环施氮显著提高了新梢旺长期树体新生器官氮素累积量,树体15N利用率表现为内环施氮>中环施氮>外环施氮;内环施氮和外环施氮土壤15N残留率无显著差异,但均高于外环施氮。与外环施氮处理相比,内环施氮处理显著提高了果实产量、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比,而硬度和可滴定酸含量无显著差异。可见,矮化中间砧苹果内环施氮有利于提高细根根长密度与土壤氮的空间分布吻合度,增加了生长前期新生器官含氮量,提高了树体15N利用效率,提高了果实产量和可溶性糖含量。因此实际生产中成年矮化中间砧苹果树推荐在靠近树干位置的1/3树冠投影面积处,即约为距树干水平距离0~75 cm范围内施氮肥。     

OPTIMAL CONDITIONS OF DIFFRENTIAL MULTIOBJECTIVE PROGRAMMING IN BANACH SPACES

In this paper,by the use of Farkas lemma and its inve-rse proposition,the generalized Kuhu-Tuoker conditions for the existanceof strong minimum point in differential multiobjective programming inBanach spaces and the existance of sufficient condition of weak Paretominimum Foint are derived.     

Green justice in the city: A new agenda for urban green space research in Europe

In this short communication, we discuss European urban green space (UGS) research from an environmental justice perspective. We show that European UGS scholarship primarily focuses on functional values and managerial aspects of UGS, while paying less attention to equity in the enjoyment of and decision-making around UGS. On this basis we discuss potentials for European urban green space research to take up a more explicit environmental justice framing to shed much-needed light on injustices in European cities and inspire change in policy and practice.     

半序空间中具有算子压缩条件的不动点定理

用有界线性算子代替压缩常数，在序Banach空间中引入了几种压缩型映射，并证明了相应的不动点定理．     

城市开放空间中高容集率游憩型空间的营造

本文针对城市开放空间用地紧张而有户外游憩要求的民众不断增加这一矛盾,重点关注城市开放空间的容集率问题,深入探讨游憩型空间的类型及如何结合特殊的景观设计手法提高城市开放空间中游憩空间的使用效率及容集率。     

积分型Meyer-Knig-Zeller算子在Orlicz空间中的逼近阶

在Orlicz空间LM 中研究积分型Meyer-Ko　¨nig-Zeller算子的逼近阶,并得到了1种估计。     

基于IPA分析的上海典型滨江公共空间游憩满意度

上海黄浦滨江是国内滨水区建设的代表,如今已完成核心段两岸公共空间贯通,但各段发展并不均衡。文章以两岸4段典型公共空间为例,对社交媒体数据进行IPA分析,得到影响滨江各段公共空间游憩满意度的主要因素,并进一步通过方差分析了解4段滨江之间的差异情况。结果表明:1)滨江公共空间整体游憩满意度较高,但多段商业服务、外部交通、管理维护因素的满意度偏低;2)满意度由高到低为:徐汇滨江>世博滨江>杨浦滨江>虹口滨江,体现3种不同的发展程度;3)不同段影响游憩满意度的主要因素不同。最后,根据研究结果对浦江两岸公共空间提出优化建议,以期为城市滨水区规划设计提供有效的技术支持和决策依据。