吐丝期干旱胁迫对玉米生长及产量的影响

为促进玉米抗旱栽培,以先玉335为材料,采用大田小区对比试验,开展吐丝期干旱胁迫对玉米生长及产量影响的研究。通过对土壤含水量、玉米叶片形态和生理、果穗性状及产量等指标的测定,分析干旱胁迫对玉米生长及产量的影响。结果表明:土层0~20cm、20~40cm和40~60cm,不同处理的土壤含水量显著差异(P0.05),无干旱胁迫(T2)干旱胁迫5d(T3)干旱胁迫10d(T4)干旱胁迫15d(T5)自然生长(T1)。叶片卷曲度T1T5T4T3T2。叶片保绿性、相对含水量、SPAD值均为T2T3T4T5T1。T2叶片相对含水量分别比T1、T3、T4、T5高55.38%、5.31%、24.17%和37.91%,T2的SPAD值分别比T1、T3、T4、T5高38.70%、9.45%、18.97%和27.10%。干旱胁迫对玉米性状及产量具有影响,干旱导致玉米穗长缩短,秃尖变长,穗粗、行粒数减少,产量下降(P0.05),T2产量分别比T1、T3、T4和T5高50.25%、8.94%、15.06%和28.12%。     

Über den Einfluß von Trockenstreß in unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsphasen auf Wachstum, Blütenabwurf und Ertrag der Sojabohne (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

The influence of droughtstress during various growth phases on yield parameter and flower drop of the soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) was studied in a pod trial under arid conditions at Alexandria/Egypt. The two cultivars Calland and Williams do not differ in their reaction to droughtstress.
The seed yield was decreased by ca. 18% when two weeks of drought occurred. Droughtstress during the seed filling phase reduced the yield by 25%. This decrease in yield is due to a decrease in pod number and seed number per plant. Flower drop on the main stem is not influenced by droughtstress and there is no relation to the seed yield per plant.     

自由基清除剂对草莓水分胁迫的保护作用

本文用苯甲酸钠、ＶＥ和ＶＣ作为外源自由基清除剂，研究了水分胁迫下自由基清除剂对草莓的保护作用。结果表明，外源自由基甭除剂预处理降低了干旱条件下草莓叶片细胞的膜脂过氧化程度和膜透性增加程度，并能延缓叶叶绿素和可不性蛋白质含量的降低，试验表明外源自由基保护剂对减轻干旱引起的自由基伤害和提高草莓的抗旱能力具保护作用，不同清除剂的保护效果存在差异，以ＶＣ预处理效果最好。