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1.
2.
以砖红壤和石灰性土壤为供试土壤,探索不同聚磷酸铵(APP)对土壤中磷吸附解吸的影响,为评价磷的有效性提供数据参考。在等磷等氮条件下,分别以APP1(以中聚为主)、APP2(以低聚为主)、APP3(聚合度分布均匀且高聚含量高)、MAP(磷酸一铵)、A-M(APP3和MAP以P2O5质量比1∶1的比例混合)、CK(空白对照)为供试材料,设置6个处理(各处理名同所用材料),在砖红壤和石灰性土壤上进行50 d的培养,测定各处理下磷的吸附解吸特性。结果显示,在石灰性土壤和砖红壤上,朗缪尔(Langmuir)方程、弗罗因德利希(Freundlich)方程和Temkin方程均可很好地拟合土壤中磷的等温吸附特征,且以Freundlich方程的拟合效果最好(相关系数在0.86~0.98)。在石灰性土壤上,除CK外,以APP1处理下土壤对磷的吸附性最强,A-M处理下土壤对磷的吸附性最弱,磷解吸量最大,磷解吸率最高;在砖红壤上,除CK外,以APP1处理下土壤对磷的吸附性最强,APP2处理下土壤对磷的吸附性最弱,磷解吸量最大,磷解吸率最高。结果表明,聚合度分布均匀且高聚含量高的APP配施MAP可减少石灰性土壤对磷的吸附,提高磷的有效性;而以低聚为主的APP可减少砖红壤对磷的吸附,保持土壤磷的平衡和供磷能力。  相似文献   
3.
Soil carbon (C) saturation implies an upper limit to a soil's capacity to store C depending on the contents of silt + clay and poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides. We hypothesized that the poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides in silt + clay fraction increased the C saturation and thus reduced the capacity of the soil to sorb additional C input. To test the hypothesis, we studied the sorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on silt + clay fractions (<53 µm) of highly weathered oxic soils, collected from three different land uses (i.e., improved pasture, cropping and forest). Soils with high carbon saturation desorbed 38% more C than soils with low C saturation upon addition of DOC, whereas adsorption of DOC was only observed at higher concentration (>15 g kg?1). While high Al oxide concentration significantly increased both the saturation and desorption of DOC, the high Fe oxide concentration significantly increased the desorption of DOC, supporting the proposition that both oxides have influence on the DOC sorption in soil. Our findings provide a new insight into the chemical control of stabilization and destabilization of DOC in soil.  相似文献   
4.
为探讨发生铝污染的白浆土中金属铝的解吸特性,采用平衡振荡法,研究铝在白浆土中的解吸行为及不同因素的影响。结果表明:在720min后,白浆土中的铝解吸基本达到平衡;25℃下,土壤有机质含量为42.2g/kg,铝在白浆土中的解吸量仅为吸附量的1.5%;用Langmuir方程可很好地拟合白浆土中铝解吸等温曲线(r=0.985 9**),说明表面均匀单层解吸占主导;热力学参数ΔG0,ΔH0,ΔS0,表明铝的解吸是自发、吸热和熵增加的过程。土壤有机质由42.2g/kg降至27.8g/kg时,白浆土中铝的最大解吸量由25.87mg/kg升至66.11mg/kg,且导致解吸滞后现象的加剧。pH降至3时,铝的解吸量升至226.4mg/kg,是pH在5~7时的8倍以上。随着解吸液中NaCl和Na_2SO_4浓度的增加,铝的解吸量增加。总之,吸附到白浆土中的铝解吸能力较弱,但pH和有机质含量降低,无机盐含量升高,铝的解吸量大幅增加,污染风险急剧上升。  相似文献   
5.
Germinated rice is popularly consumed for its high gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and bioactive compounds. Supporting information on how to germinate rice with high GABA content and essential amino acids is lacking. White and colored rough rice were germinated for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h. GABA, GABA substrates and essential amino acids were also investigated using GC-MS and MALDI-MSI. GABA was more concentrated after germination and shifted into the coleoptile. High correlation was recorded between germination time and GABA (0.79–0.83, p ≤ 0.01) and glutamic acid (0.88–0.89, p ≤ 0.01). Highest rates of GABA and glutamic production were observed within 48 h of germination in both rice varieties (26.12 and 34.28 mg/100g) and reached maximum value at 96 h (31.36 and 38.75 mg/100g). Colored rice germination showed higher GABA, GABA substrates and deficient amino acids than white rice. GABA and essential amino acids drastically increased after germination, supporting the consumption of germinated rice as a functional food.  相似文献   
6.
Nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (nZVIs) have been used as the stabilizing materials for remediation of heavy metals (HMs). The usage of nZVIs in the presence of oxygen is a challenging task. When this material comes in contact to air, immediately oxide formation takes place. Thus, preparation of air-stable nZVIs is necessary for successful remediation process. Therefore, the present study has attempted to evaluate the effects of three kinds of synthesized nZVIs, including nZVIEDTA (stabilized by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), nZVIDTPA (stabilized by diethylenetriamine pentacetic acid) and nZVI (without chelating agent), to determine their ability to stabilize lead (Pb) in two Pb-spiked soils. Pb-spiked soils were separately incubated with additives at the rates of 0.5% and 2% (W/W) for 90 days. The efficacy of nZVIs was evaluated by desorption kinetic and chemical fractionation experiments. According to the results, addition of nZVIEDTA, nZVIDTPA and nZVI significantly decreased Pb release by 70.1–86.4%, 56.5–70.6% and 24.3–49.2%, respectively. Among the three kinds of nZVIs, nZVIEDTA was the most effective treatment in decreasing desorption and mobility factor of Pb. In practice, all three kinds of nZVIs are effective in Pb immobilization, while application of nZVIEDTA at the rate of 2% was the best treatment to immobilize Pb in polluted soils.  相似文献   
7.
Mixed contaminated brownfield sites have brought serious risks to human health and environmental safety. With the purpose of removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and heavy metals from a coking plant site, an innovative technology for ex-situ washing was developed in the present work. The combination of 15.0 mL L~(-1) soybean oil and 7.5 g L~(-1) tea saponin proved an effective method to extract co-pollutants from soil. After two consecutive washing cycles, the efficiency rates of removal for 3-, 4-,5(+6)-ring, and total PAHs, Cd, and Ni were approximately 98.2%, 96.4%, 92.3%, 96.3%, 94.1%, and 89.4%, respectively. Meanwhile,as evaluated by Tenax extraction method and metal stability indices, the residual PAHs and heavy metals after consecutive washing mainly existed in the form with extremely low bioaccessibility in the soil. Thus, in the soil after two washing cycles, there appeared limited environmental transfer risk of co-pollutants. Moreover, a subsequent precipitation method with alkaline solution and PAHdegrading strain Sphingobium sp. PHE9 inoculation effectively removed 84.6%–100% of Cd, 82.5%–91.7% of Ni, and 92.6%–98.4% of PAHs from the first and second washing solvents. The recovered solvents also exhibited a high recycling effectiveness. Therefore, the combined cleanup strategy proposed in this study proved environmentally friendly, which also played a major role in risk assessment and management in mixed polluted sites.  相似文献   
8.
Two variable charge soils were incubated with biochars derived from straws of peanut, soybean, canola, and rice to investigate the effect of the biochars on their chemical properties and Pb(II) adsorption using batch experiments. The results showed soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH significantly increased after 30 d of incubation with the biochars added. The incorporation of the biochars markedly increased the adsorption of Pb(II), and both the electrostatic and non-electrostatic adsorption mechanisms contributed to Pb(II) adsorption by the variable charge soils. Adsorption isotherms illustrated legume- straw derived biochars more greatly increased Pb(II) adsorption on soils through the non-electrostatic mechanism via the formation of surface complexes between Pb(II) and acid functional groups of the biochars than did non-legume straw biochars. The adsorption capacity of Pb(II) increased, while the desorption amount slightly decreased with the increasing suspension pH for the studied soils, especially in a high suspension pH, indicating that precipitation also plays an important role in immobilizing Pb(II) to the soils.  相似文献   
9.
周志强  刘琛  杨红薇  鲜青松  唐翔宇 《土壤》2018,50(2):353-360
吸附-解吸是影响抗生素类污染物在土壤中迁移转化及生物有效性的重要过程,本文以川中丘陵区坡耕地紫色土为研究对象,通过批量平衡实验和柱实验研究生物炭施用(投加量0(B0)、39.75 (B1)t/hm2和198.75 (B2) t/hm2)及田间老化作用(夏季干湿交替)对三种典型磺胺类抗生素(磺胺嘧啶(SD)、磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SM2)及磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ))在紫色土中的吸附-解吸和淋溶行为的影响。结果表明:在几种处理中,三种磺胺类抗生素吸附强弱的顺序都表现为SD>SMZ>SM2;与B0处理相比,添加生物炭能增加土壤对三种抗生素的吸附能力,其中SM2的吸附显著增加(P<0.05),但这种促进作用在经过老化过程后有所减弱。在解吸过程中,三种抗生素的Freundlich常数Kf大小顺序为SD>SMZ>SM2,表明SD在土壤中吸附容量最大且不易解吸,其次是SMZ和SM2;相应的迟滞系数H大小顺序为SD相似文献   
10.
A way to enhance coal bed methane desorption and seepage by sonic vibrating of cavitataion water jets is proposed because the gas coal seams have the intrinsic properties of micro-porosity, low permeability and high adsorption. The mechanisms of how the sonic vibrating effects promote methane desorption and seepage are analyzed, and the contrast experiments of methane desorption and seepage under sonic vibrating effects are also provided. The results show: when the cavitation number is 0.020 0, under sonic vibrating effects, the volume of coal bed methane desorption increases by 36.9%, and the time for coal bed methane desorption reduces by 19.6%. The speed of coal seams methane seepage is significantly increased by 35.3% and arrives at 0.383 3 ml/s.  相似文献   
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