首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   455篇
  免费   102篇
  国内免费   9篇
林业   122篇
农学   12篇
基础科学   20篇
  286篇
综合类   72篇
农作物   5篇
水产渔业   21篇
畜牧兽医   4篇
园艺   5篇
植物保护   19篇
  2023年   4篇
  2022年   7篇
  2021年   4篇
  2020年   6篇
  2019年   11篇
  2018年   8篇
  2017年   12篇
  2016年   20篇
  2015年   12篇
  2014年   24篇
  2013年   21篇
  2012年   42篇
  2011年   50篇
  2010年   50篇
  2009年   38篇
  2008年   48篇
  2007年   35篇
  2006年   37篇
  2005年   26篇
  2004年   18篇
  2003年   12篇
  2002年   16篇
  2001年   14篇
  2000年   13篇
  1999年   7篇
  1998年   4篇
  1997年   7篇
  1996年   7篇
  1995年   3篇
  1994年   2篇
  1993年   2篇
  1992年   1篇
  1991年   2篇
  1989年   1篇
  1988年   2篇
排序方式: 共有566条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
  1. Although the frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion in the large-sized dolphinfish and tunas taken by the Hawai'i longline fishery is very low (frequency of occurrence < 5% of sampled individuals), the ingestion of plastic in smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line gear by commercial and recreational fishers has not been investigated.
  2. This study examined ingestion of >0.25 mm marine plastic debris (MPD) by four predatory fish species caught by commercial fishers around the Main Hawaiian Islands, and documented ingestion in three species: 85.7% of albacore tuna (n = 7), 40.0% of skipjack tuna (n = 10) and 12.5% of dolphinfish (n = 8).
  3. Yellowfin tuna (n = 10) did not contain any MPD, probably owing to the high proportion of empty stomachs (60%).
  4. For skipjack tuna, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was significantly higher for the smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line (40%), compared with the larger-sized specimens caught with longlines (0%).
  5. For dolphinfish, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was similar for the similar-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line and with longlines.
  6. The ingested MPD items were micro–meso plastics, between 1 and 25 mm. While most ingested items were fragments, albacore also ingested line and skipjack also ingested sheets.
  7. The predatory fishes ingested light MPD items that float in sea water, but there were species-specific differences in their polymer composition: albacore contained more polypropylene and polyethylene, and skipjack contained more elastomers, characterized by a high percentage of ester plasticizers.
  8. Altogether, these results suggest that albacore and skipjack tunas ingest plastic of different types and polymers. Yet more research is needed to understand how differences in vertical distribution, foraging ecology and diet influence the MPD sampled by these predatory fish species.
  相似文献   
2.
间伐对油松人工林碳储量的长期影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
间伐不仅能改变人工林林木生长状况,还会影响整个森林碳储量,研究间伐对人工林碳固存的长期影响,有助于准确评价人工林的碳汇功能,为人工林的科学经营管理提供参考。2016年8月,以黄土高原森林区营造于1962年,间伐于1985年的4种(强度间伐、中度间伐、轻度间伐、对照)油松人工林为对象,保留密度分别为800,1 500,2 200,2 900株/hm~2,研究了间伐对油松人工林不同植被层、叶凋落物、粗木质残体和土壤有机碳库的影响。结果表明:轻度和中度间伐下油松人工林系统碳储量较对照显著提高了28.54%和21.33%,强度间伐碳储量(154.66t/hm~2)与对照(169.26t/hm~2)无显著差异。乔木层是油松人工林的主要碳库,占人工林总碳储量的64.85%~74.62%。不同处理下乔木层树干碳储量所占比例最高(52.05%~56.43%),树根和树枝次之(22.27%~22.60%和17.73%~18.32%),树叶最低(3.56%~7.01%)。中度和强度间伐下在提高林下灌草多样性的同时,总的灌草碳储量分别比对照高24.27%和25.24%。间伐显著降低了叶凋落物碳储量,其中,强度间伐下的叶凋落物只有对照的48.15%。土壤碳库的变化主要是由土壤表层0—20cm有机碳变动所引起,中度和强度间伐土壤表层碳储量较对照分别减少了17.68%和33.76%,而轻度间伐(51.23t/hm~2)与对照(50.96t/hm~2)无显著差异。土壤表层碳储量与植物多样性和基础呼吸呈显著负相关。轻度和中度间伐有助于森林生态系统碳固定,其中轻度间伐不仅有利于地上植被碳固定,而且还有助于土壤碳库的维持。  相似文献   
3.
[目的] 开展在混凝土中复掺纳米二氧化硅、微硅粉、聚丙烯纤维等材料,增强工程耐磨性的试验研究,探讨复掺材料掺量变化影响抗冲磨强度的规律,旨在为泥石流防护工程建设中抗冲磨混凝土的配合比设计提供科学参考。[方法] 采用正交试验设计的水下钢球法对混凝土试件进行水下冲磨试验,得出了复掺纳米二氧化硅、微硅粉、聚丙烯纤维的混凝土试件的抗冲磨强度。[结果] 在选定的掺量范围内,混凝土试件的抗冲磨强度随纳米二氧化硅的增加先增大再减小,在掺量为1.5%时达到最大值;随微硅粉的增加而增大,在掺量为12%时达到最大值;随聚丙烯纤维的增加先减小再增大,在掺量为1.8 kg/m3时达到最大值;随着引气剂的增加先减小再增大,在掺量为0.005%时达到最大值。[结论] 影响混凝土抗冲磨性能最为显著的因素是纳米二氧化硅掺量,其次是聚丙烯纤维,再次是微硅粉,最后是引气剂。  相似文献   
4.
5.
基于关键帧提取技术的花开过程视频监测系统开发及试验   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为克服传统花开过程监测中视频数据冗余、信息量大的缺点,该文设计了一种基于关键帧提取技术的花开过程视频监测系统。系统对花开过程原始图像采集后,采用基于光流法和熵统计算法实现对花开过程原始图像的关键帧提取,选择关键帧数模式或方向信息熵阈值模式,进行相关参数设置,最终合成出表征花开过程的关键帧视频。该文以百合花开放过程为例实现了基于关键帧提取技术的视频监测。试验结果证明,在该试验的条件下经关键帧提取合成的花开过程的视频数据量减少达84.6%以上,播放时间减少为原始视频播放时间的15.4%以下。视频保留了花开过程细节信息,整段视频播放自然流畅,可为从事植物、花卉研究的相关人员提供一个省时、方便的研究花开过程的监测平台。  相似文献   
6.
汶川地震后肖家沟泥石流活动特征与灾害防治   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
肖家沟是汶川地震震中映秀镇近邻的一条典型泥石流沟,位于渔子溪河左侧,沟域面积7.19 km2,沟床平均纵比降为485‰。"5·12"地震后该沟多次暴发泥石流。2010年8月14日,肖家沟暴发特大规模泥石流,一次冲出物方量约6.50×105 m,堵塞渔子溪,堰塞湖溃决后造成洪水灾害。肖家沟泥石流物源条件非常丰富,地区降水充沛,危险性巨大,一旦发生泥石流,直接威胁S303映秀段公路,造成交通中断;若发生大规模泥石流堵塞渔子溪形成堰塞体,堰塞体溃决之后,大量泥沙被洪水带至下游,抬高河床,将对下游映秀镇产生严重的洪水灾害。目前肖家沟沟域内共有松散固体物源量5.22×106 m3,可参与泥石流活动的动储量为2.01×106 m3。以肖家沟泥石流形成条件为基础,分析震后连续发生的泥石流类型与活动特征,并以此为依据探讨了肖家沟泥石流治理的简要思路。  相似文献   
7.
基于光流法与特征统计的鱼群异常行为检测   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
鱼类群体行为的异常检测能够为鱼类健康监控与预警提供重要的方法和手段,对研究鱼类行为的机理,提升水产养殖过程中的信息化水平具有非常重要的意义。该文通过计算机视觉和图像处理技术,基于鱼群运动特征统计方法,对鱼群异常行为检测进行研究。利用Lucas-Kanade光流法得到目标鱼群的运动矢量,并对目标运动的行为特征进行统计,得到速度与转角这2个行为特征的联合直方图与联合概率分布。最后,在联合概率分布的基础上,基于标准互信息(normalized mutual information-NMI)和局部距离异常因子(local distance-based outlier factor-LDOF)2种方法对鱼群行为进行异常检测。试验结果表明,2种异常检测方法均达到99.5%以上的准确率。  相似文献   
8.
  1. Fish assemblages in dryland rivers have life-history strategies that have evolved in response to environmental conditions and triggers, particularly water temperatures and flow regimes. The regulation of rivers through the construction of dams, weirs and other water diversion structures has altered natural flow regimes and the associated ecological processes of river systems worldwide.
  2. Over a 3-year period, using standardized fish sampling and daily otolith ageing, the recruitment of eight freshwater fish species was monitored in response to various abiotic drivers, including hydrology and water temperatures, throughout the Macquarie River, a large regulated river system of the Australian Murray-Darling Basin.
  3. A data-driven statistical classification system is provided that groups species into reproductive guilds, based on their recruitment response to hydrology and water temperature, specifically designed for use in environmental flow management.
  4. The eight species were grouped into three distinct reproductive guilds that showed similar recruitment responses to the abiotic drivers. Murray-Darling rainbowfish, Murray cod, and eel-tailed catfish were considered as a single guild, characterized by seasonal recruitment during a relatively narrow thermal window under low to moderate stable discharges. The second group included common carp, bony herring, and golden perch, which recruited primarily in association with larger flow events. Un-specked hardyhead and Australian smelt formed a more differentiated guild, recruiting over a broad range of temperatures and discharges. Limitations associated with using a reproductive guild approach to simplify water management are discussed.
  5. This study highlighted important relationships among hydrology, water temperatures, and successful recruitment that can, in turn, be used to inform development of adaptive flow management plans and effective use of environmental water for the conservation management of native fish communities. Important considerations in the design of studies that aim to examine relationships between recruitment and abiotic drivers are also discussed.
  相似文献   
9.
[目的]对湖南省益阳市安化县澄坪村"7·16"泥石流灾害成因机理及力学特征进行分析,为类似灾害的防灾减灾研究提供科学参考。[方法]通过灾后野外调查开展相关分析。[结果]湖南省安化县马路镇澄坪村梨树坪让家沟流域在地形地貌,地层岩性以及气象水文方面具备良好的孕灾条件;由于2014年7月16日的持续性强降雨作用,沟道上游一侧形成了一个约5.20×10~4 m~3的滑坡堰塞湖,随后堰塞湖迅速溃决并形成了强大的溃决型泥石流,冲溃了下游的两道拦砂坝,并形成了高达190.65m~3/s的峰值流量。[结论]安化县澄坪村"7·16"泥石流灾害是一次典型的滑坡灾害转换成泥石流的灾害链,而下游两道堵塞坝的堵溃过程进一步放大了泥石流的峰值流量及规模,具有典型的堵溃放大效应。  相似文献   
10.
The “Gadgil effect” hypothesizes that root associations may slow down decomposition through pre‐emptive competition. In the context of recalcitrant litter decomposition, specifically coarse wood debris, it is uncertain as to what is the relative importance of soil communities associated with living roots when compared to those without roots. Here, it is hypothesized that the presence of live roots and active photosynthates will enhance wood decomposition. To test this hypothesis, the presence or absence of temperate tree roots was used in this study. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and white oak (Quercus alba) roots were manipulated at three sites of either limestone or shale parent rock residuum. At each site, wood substrate was placed in soils beneath the canopy of either A. saccharum or Q. alba, while in the presence of roots (root+). At the same time, wood substrate was placed in the same soil community, but live root exposure was eliminated by trenching (root?). This eliminated active photosynthate supply to the soil microbial community. Results determined that live root exposure promoted faster decomposition and greater mycelial colonization of wood substrate. Also, sites of shale parent rock residuum had higher rates of decomposition in comparison with limestone parent rock residuum. Although additional work is needed to determine the extent in which roots and lithology can facilitate wood decomposition, these findings suggest that living roots impact decomposers and provide a pathway towards humus and soil organic matter formation.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号