穴盘水稻秧苗茎秆蠕变与应力松弛特性的试验研究

为深入了解穴盘水稻秧苗茎秆拉伸过程中的力学特性,该文利用微控电子万能试验机对穴盘水稻秧苗茎秆常规拉伸、蠕变与应力松弛特性进行测试与分析。试验表明:常规拉伸一般有2次断裂,1次断裂前,应力-应变为线性关系,没有明显的屈服过程,且平均断裂应力大小随加载速率的增加而呈线性增加;拉伸蠕变和应力松弛过程分别利用伯格斯四元件模型和麦克斯韦五元件模型进行描述。通过对曲线进行拟合,得到相关的模型参数,基于选用的流变模型和本构方程,结合秧苗茎秆的生物体特点,分别对蠕变速率、蠕变柔量和应力松弛速率、应力松弛时间进行分析,结果表明:蠕变和应力松弛过程都是弹性动力与黏滞阻力之间彼此牵制的过程;蠕变过程产生与蠕变时间和初始应力呈正相关的塑性应变,应力松弛过程导致茎秆大分子链发生变化,均对秧苗茎秆造成一定损伤;秧苗茎秆内部含有柔嫩与粗壮2种组织结构。研究结果可为秧苗机械拔取的损伤评估和相关仿真分析提供参考。     

木材蠕变模拟研究概述

综述树种和材性变异、应力水平、温度、含水率等因素对木材蠕变的影响,介绍分析含水率稳定和变化条件下木材蠕变模拟预测等方面的研究进展情况.我国木材蠕变特别是木材的机械吸附蠕变研究尚缺乏系统性,应综合考虑不同的影响因素对木材蠕变进行充分研究,以建立不同条件下木材蠕变预测的模型,为国内木材蠕变研究及木结构建筑的安全和可靠性设计提供基础.     

‘红富士’苹果蠕变特性与果实品质的相关分析

【目的】分析‘红富士’苹果整果蠕变特性与其质构特性和营养成分的相关性,探索利用蠕变特性参数检测‘红富士’苹果营养成分含量和质地品质的可行性。【方法】测定不同贮藏期‘红富士’苹果样品的蠕变特性、质地多面分析(texture profile analysis,TPA)各项指标及营养成分含量;确定蠕变模型,探讨蠕变模型参数与苹果TPA指标和营养成分含量的相关性;建立蠕变参数预测‘红富士’苹果品质的数学模型,并对其进行验证。【结果】四元件伯格斯模型可以很好地描述‘红富士’苹果整果的蠕变特性,模型拟合的决定系数达到0.982。苹果的可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸度、Vc含量、硬度、内聚性、耐咀性和回复性与延迟弹性系数E2和黏性系数η1达到极显著正相关(r=0.56—0.94);可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸度与黏性系数η2呈极显著负相关(r=-0.40,r=-0.45),Vc含量与黏性系数η2呈显著负相关关系(r=-0.34);而苹果的弹性和黏性与蠕变四参数均未表现出显著的相关性。建立的苹果可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸度、Vc含量、硬度、内聚性、耐咀性和回复性预测模型的相关系数分别为0.939、0.922、0.881、0.917、0.594、0.857和0.584,且均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。模型对验证集的预测值与实测值间无显著差异,相关系数分别为0.929、0.917、0.875、0.920、0.628、0.824和0.633。【结论】‘红富士’苹果蠕变特性与质构特性和营养成分含量有密切的相关性。建立的苹果可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸度、Vc含量、硬度和耐咀性的预测模型具有较高的拟合精度,可以实现用蠕变参数来预测‘红富士’苹果品质。     

蠕变模型对约束钢梁抗火性能分析的影响

钢材在高温和荷载作用下产生明显蠕变变形,影响火灾中结构的变形和受力性能。现有的蠕变模型较多,但没有一个广泛适用的蠕变模型。不同的蠕变模型对钢结构抗火分析结果有很大影响。为了量化蠕变模型对约束钢梁抗火性能分析的影响,对5种常用的蠕变模型进行了对比分析。采用编写的约束钢梁计算程序,分别计算5种蠕变模型下约束钢梁的抗火性能并与试验数据进行对比。结果表明,采用Norton蠕变模型的计算结果与试验数据吻合最好。最后对影响约束钢梁抗火性能参数进行了研究,研究发现,Harmathy蠕变模型对约束梁抗火性能分析结果影响最大;不同蠕变模型对不同荷载比、约束刚度下的约束钢梁抗火性能影响程度均不同。     

Numerical Simulation on Whole Construction Process of High-Rise CFST Structures

The time-changing analysis model for concrete filled steel tubes was established based on the time-changing concrete model of CEB-FIP MC90, in which the interaction between steel tube and concrete core was considered by the restraint conditions of master and slave nodes. The numerical simulation method was developed for analyzing the whole construction process of high-rise CFST structures. A real structure was taken as numerical example, in which the influence of concrete creep and shrinkage as well as construction process was considered. The results of numerical simulation are compared with those obtained from on-site monitoring. It is shown that the concrete creep and shrinkage as well as construction process have big influence on high-rise CFST structures, which should be taken into account in designs and constructions.     

Uniaxial Experimental Analysis on Creep Properties of Deep Limestone

The uniaxial creep tests were carried out for deep limestone from Chongqing adoptal by the MTS815 servo controlled rock mechanical test system. Meanwhile, the DISP 2 based AE system was used to test acoustic emission (AE) signal. It is found that AE can better reflect rock microstructure such as diffusion of lattice defects, opening and close of the pore and fracture, compatible deformation among particles, the generation and connection of micro ruptures. Through different creep model parameter inversion, 〖JP2〗it is concluded that either the logarithmic function creep model or the exponential function can better reflect deep rock creep deformation behavior and the logarithmic function creep model is much better. 〖JP〗     

Stress Relaxation and Creep of Straw Bales

Loading ability of straw bales was tested by using an Electronical Testing Machine.Linear regression models were proposed to describe the loading ability as a function of failure density and compressing energy.Based on an exponent model,the testing compression coefficients of straw bales were estimated by using the Levenberg–Marquardt Method.Results showed that the relation among failure density,loading ability and compressing energy was linear in the phase of high density.Loading ability of straw bales could meet the requirement for building bills.     

杨木高温干燥过程中表层流变特性的研究

本文讨论了干燥温度分别为８５℃、１０５℃、１１５℃和１２５℃时板材表层厚度为３ｍｍ处的木材横纹流变特性。结果表明：干燥过程中的总应变为干缩应变、弹性应变、粘弹性蠕变应变和机械吸附蠕变应变的代数和。木材在长时间、高温高湿的联合作用下，不仅表现出弹性、塑性，而且还表现出粘弹性。作者根据木材干燥应力模型理论，提出了在同一块板方材上能同时测定所建模型各应变参数的试验方法。     

木材机械吸附蠕变对微波弯曲木的影响

将木材机械吸附蠕变理论引入弯曲木成型工艺,生产实践表明,该理论在弯曲木加工及木材大变形加工中都具有一定的指导作用.