强化型EM菌剂对金针菇菌糠堆肥的影响

为提高EM菌剂在菌糠堆肥中的应用效果,加速腐熟进程,改善堆肥质量,采用纤维素酶与木聚糖酶高产菌株黑曲霉SNH-7、蛋白酶高产菌株枯草芽孢杆菌SNK-103与EM菌剂进行复配,研制强化型EM菌剂,并研究其对菌糠堆肥的影响。结果表明：与普通EM菌剂相比,接种强化型EM菌剂的处理堆肥过程中微生物代谢更加旺盛,温度、pH、EC值、总有机碳、可溶性有机碳、总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、C/N、腐植酸和黄腐酸含量等理化指标的升高或降低幅度更大,腐熟进程加快;成品堆肥的GI提高,C/N降低,总氮、硝态氮、总腐植酸和游离腐植酸的含量升高,生物安全性更好、肥效更高。说明在EM菌剂中补充纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和蛋白酶高产菌株,可强化其对纤维素、木质素和蛋白质的降解能力,在无辅料、高C/N、低pH的不利条件下,添加该菌剂能加速堆肥进程,提高堆肥质量。     

立体绿化集成技术配套产品开发利用研究进展

当前立体绿化在国内多个大中城市中得到了蓬勃发展,促进了相关配套产品的研发和推广应用,同时新型的配套产品又推动了立体绿化的快速发展。本文对华南地区立体绿化基质产品、蓄水种植容器、植被毯、绿墙、生态植被砖等相关配套产品的研发及应用情况展开综述,旨在为今后能更有效地推广立体绿化集成技术及相关产品提供参考。     

The effects of density and artificial substrate on intensive shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei nursery production

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) can be installed indoors, allowing year-round production of tropical animals in nearly any climate. A nursery phase is commonly used in Litopenaeus vannamei production since it allows for enhanced biosecurity and better quantification of animals while reducing space requirements. However, it is unclear whether animal density and inclusion of artificial substrate may improve shrimp performance during the nursery phase. In this experiment, we compared shrimp production parameters in two stocking densities with or without the use of an artificial substrate by creating four treatments: low-density LD; 1500 PL/m⁻³, low-density with substrate LDS, high-density HD; 3000 PL/m⁻³), and high-density with substrate (HDS). The LDS and HDS treatments included 0.46-m² of high-density polyethylene 2.5-cm mesh as a substrate, which increased the tank surface area by 21 %. Each treatment was randomly assigned to four 160-l culture tanks, each with a biofilter. The shrimp had an initial weight of 4 mg and were grown for 50 days. The low-density treatments had significantly higher dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH than the high-density treatments (P ≤ 0.001). Specifically, LDS had the highest DO and pH followed by the LD, HD, and HDS treatments, respectively. High-density treatments had significantly higher NO₂-N levels than low-density treatments during week 2 of the experiment when an unusually high concentration of nitrite was observed. FCR was significantly lower in both low-density treatments than in high-density treatments. At harvest, the total biomass (kg m⁻³) was significantly higher in high-density treatments than in low-density treatments (P ≤ 0.001), and the HDS treatment had a significantly greater biomass output than HD. Producers should consider artificial substrate and higher densities during nursery production to maximize shrimp production; however, the effects on water quality should also be taken into account.     

Mouse melanoma cell exosomes promote expression of Rac1 protein in fibroblasts

AIM To investigate the effect of exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma cells on the expression of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) protein in fibroblasts. METHODS Ultracentrifugation was adopted to separete exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells. The morphological structure of exosomes was observed by negative-staining electron microscopy. The size distribution of exosomes was determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The exosomal markers, tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Tyrp2), were identified by Western blot. Laser confocal microscopy was used to observe the process that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) took in exosomes during co-culture. Immunocytochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Rac1 protein in MEF. RESULTS B16-F10 cell exosomes showed a typical tea tray-like structure, with a size range of 141~255 nm, and expressed protein markers Tsg101 and Tyrp2. The results of laser confocal microscopy showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, a small number of exosomes appeared in the MEF at 12 h, and a large number of exosomes accumulated in the MEF after co-cultured for 24 and 36 h. Western blot analysis showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, the expression of Rac1 protein in the MEF was significantly increased at 24 h and 36 h of co-culture (P<0.01). The results of immunocytochemical staining showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, the positive expression level of Rac1 in the MEF cells was significantly increased at 12 h, 24 h and 36 h of co-culture (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Intake of exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma cells promotes the expression of Rac1 protein in fibroblasts.     

3种水质调控方式下参池沉积物酶活性的比较研究

2015年10月至2016年9月对自然纳潮、微孔曝气、养水机3种水质调控方式下海参池塘沉积物中淀粉酶、蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶、脱氢酶的活性进行了跟踪比较研究。研究结果显示,3种水质调控方式下池塘沉积物中的淀粉酶活性年变化为0.126~0.880 mg/g,年均值(0.410±0.180) mg/g,蛋白酶活性年变化为0.024~0.472 mg/g,年均值(0.190±0.103) mg/g,碱性磷酸酶活性年变化为0.068~1.042 mg/g,年均值(0.340±0.196) mg/g,脱氢酶活性年变化为12.092~52.794 mL/g,年均值(26.980±8.295) mL/g。3种水质调控方式下池塘沉积物中蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶及脱氢酶活性均在自然纳潮池塘中均值最高,变化幅度最大;淀粉酶活性均值则在自然纳潮池塘中最低,养水机池塘最高,这与养水机池塘有机质最低,自然纳潮池塘最高,养水机池塘沉积物的细菌多样性最高,真菌数量最多有关。表明养水机能够快速去除沉积物中氮、磷有机化合物,有利于池塘的正常物质循环。本研究从沉积物酶活性的角度,探讨了养水机的作用效果与其他两种水质调控方式产生差异的机理。     

不同基质对闭鞘姜生长发育和光合作用的影响

采用随机区组设计,研究不同配比的红壤、泥炭、椰糠和珍珠岩6种基质配方对闭鞘姜生长的影响。测定6种基质的物理和化学性质,观测萌芽率、叶片数、茎粗、株高、株幅、光合日变化、根茎鲜重和根茎干重。结果显示,基质S4（泥炭+椰糠+珍珠岩=1∶2∶2）的植株净光合速率（P_n）显著高于其他基质处理。在6种基质生长的植株叶片净光合速率曲线呈单峰或双峰变化,而蒸腾速率曲线呈单峰变化。最大株高、最大根茎鲜重和根茎干重也出现在基质S4种植的植株。从以上结果可知,基质S4比较适合闭鞘姜的生长和根状茎干物质积累。     

玉米蔗糖非酵解型蛋白激酶2底物蛋白的筛选与鉴定

【目的】筛选玉米蔗糖非酵解型蛋白激酶2(Sucrose non-fermenting protein kinase 2,SnRK2)的底物蛋白,鉴定其在玉米脱落酸(Abscisic acid,ABA)信号转导中的作用,为进一步解析玉米中ABA介导的非生物逆境抗性机制提供参考。【方法】根据前期研究结果,通过与拟南芥SnRK2已知底物蛋白的序列比对和保守基序分析,从磷酸化水平响应ABA诱导且上调的238个蛋白中预测ZmSnRK2作用的底物蛋白,用酵母双杂交试验验证ZmSnRK2家族成员与候选蛋白的相互作用,分析其在玉米ABA信号转导中的作用。【结果】从前期鉴定的玉米磷酸化水平响应ABA诱导且上调的238个蛋白中,预测出10个ZmSnRK2候选底物蛋白,实际扩增出其中8个蛋白的编码基因以及10个ZmSnRK2基因家族成员。酵母双杂交试验结果表明,GenBank序列号为XP_008666965.1、NP_001142137.1和XP_008656995.1的候选底物蛋白,因自体磷酸化不能用酵母双杂交检测,GenBank序列号为NP_001183680.1的候选底物蛋白可以与ZmSnRK2.1、2.2、2.4、2.5、2.7、2.8、2.10、2.11蛋白相互作用,GenBank序列号为NP_001145831.1和NP_001167942.1的候选底物蛋白分别可以与ZmSnRK2.1和ZmSnRK2.10蛋白相互作用。【结论】NP_001183680.1和NP_001167942.1蛋白是ZmSnRK2家族部分成员的磷酸化底物,是玉米ABA信号转导途径的下游组分;NP_001183680.1蛋白与拟南芥丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶同源,NP_001167942.1蛋白为包含SAM结构域的蛋白,这2个蛋白均涉及许多生理生化过程,说明ZmSnRK2下游的ABA信号转导呈发散状。     

Standardization of media and nutrient concentration for coleus (Plectranthus barbatus Andr.) under substrate culture

Coleus (Plectranthus barbatus Andr.) is a medicinal herb whose roots contain forskolin. Incidences of soil-borne diseases, wilt complex and nematodes are the major limiting factors for growing this crop under soil media. Hence, an investigation was initiated for the standardization of soilless growth media and nutrient solution concentration in coleus. Coco peat, vermiculite, sand and their combinations were used as potting media with different concentrations of nutrients based on the recommended dose of fertilizers for soil media (1,080 mg plant^?1 nitrogen, 960 mg plant^?1 phosphorous and 1200 mg plant^?1 potassium). Among the different media and nutrients, plants grown under coco peat media with 80% of the recommended dose of fertilizer for soil (864 mg plant^?1 nitrogen, 768 mg plant^?1 phosphorous and 960 mg plant^?1 potassium) recorded significantly higher root yield (17.10 tha^?1) and quality parameters (0.98% forskolin). Benefit–cost ratio was also recorded maximum (4.25) in the same treatment.     

育秧基质对水稻秧苗生长与生理特征的影响

[目的]研究育秧基质对水稻秧苗生长与生理特征的影响。[方法]采用盆栽试验,设置了100%基质、75%基质+25%土壤、50%基质+50%土壤、25%基质+75%土壤、100%土壤5个配比处理,测定各处理播种后水稻秧苗成秧率、株高、叶龄、最大叶宽,并测定叶片可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量及根系活力。[结果]75%基质+25%土壤处理秧苗生长最佳,其成秧率、株高、叶龄、最大叶宽等均高于其他处理,秧苗综合生理指标也显示75%基质+25%土壤处理优于其他处理。[结论]该研究为水稻育秧机械化及现代农业的发展提供了理论支撑。     

不同基质处理对淡水浇灌桐花树成苗率及幼苗生长的影响

为探索桐花树的淡水化人工培育技术以及筛选适宜的基质,以塘泥、黄心土、河沙和椰糠为试验材料,通过不同的配比组合成10种混配基质,并进行育苗试验,对桐花树的成苗率以及生长情况进行研究。结果发现,不同的混配基质对桐花树的成苗率、苗高、地径、根系生长、鲜重和干重等指标有明显的影响,其中以基质F（30%塘泥+50%黄心土+10%河沙+10%椰糠）综合得分最高,其平均苗高、地径、主根长、一级侧根数、全株生物量、成苗率分别比综合得分最低的基质高24.3%、11.1%、6.3%、6.5%、37.5%、2.0%。