硼酸对萝卜成花生理代谢与亲和性的影响

采用不同浓度的硼酸分别喷洒萝卜叶片和花蕾,调查硼对自交不亲和萝卜成花生理代谢与亲和性的影响。结果显示:叶面喷施硼酸对萝卜生理代谢有显著影响:硼酸浓度越高,抽薹前期萝卜叶片的可溶性糖含量越高,但是从抽薹开始,硼效应已经不明显;硼处理下的叶绿素含量始终高于对照;0.6%硼酸处理下萝卜POD活性最高;从现蕾开始,硼处理下的脯氨酸含量始终高于对照。蕾期喷施硼酸可以在一定程度上促进花粉管伸长,提高亲和指数,尤以双核期喷施0.4%硼酸的效果最好,其亲和指数达到3.08。总体看来,在萝卜成花过程中,硼酸处理无论是对萝卜成花过程的生理代谢还是亲和性都存在显著影响。     

Effect of foliar boron application on boron,chlorophyll, phenol,sugars and hormones concentration of olive (Olea europaea L.) buds,leaves, and fruits

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different time and rates of boron (B) foliar application on olive (Olea europaea L.) tree's tissue boron concentration, total phenol, chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, and endogenous hormones. A field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 using 20 years old olive trees cv. Frantoio. The trees are grown in sandy soil planted at 5 × 5 m apart under drip irrigation system at the Nuclear Research Center Experimental Farm, Inshas, El-Qaliubiya Governorate, Egypt. Boron was applied foliarly as boric acid at the following rates (0.0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg L^?1) at flower initiation and after 1 and 2 months from flower initiation. Results showed that boron was significantly effective in increasing leaf, bud, and fruit boron concentration. Total phenol concentration in leaves and buds were significantly highest in the control treatment, significantly decreased as the boron application rate increased. Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, and total soluble sugars significantly increased as the boron application rate increased and the highest increase was achieved at 200 mg L^?1 boron concentration rate. Leaf and bud endogenous indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were highest in the control treatment; they decreased as the boron application rate increased. However, gibberellic acid (GA₃) increased in response to boron treatments compared with the control. The maximum increase was observed at 200 mg L^?1 boron rate. We concluded that boron is mobile in olive tree as reproductive organs accumulated more boron than vegetative organs. There is evidence that boron is involved in reduction of phenols, increase in fruit set, and in sugar transport. A balance in endogenous hormones (IAA, GA, ABA) concentrations in olive tree has induced the maximum fruit set and yield.     

氨基酸配合硼喷施对油麦菜硼营养及生长、品质的影响

为探究有机营养类物质氨基酸与硼酸配合喷施对油麦菜生长的应用效果,本研究采用盆栽试验,设置单独喷施1%硼酸处理,以及谷氨酸、丙氨酸和天冬氨酸3种氨基酸各设3个喷施浓度(5、10、20 mmol·L^-1) 与1%硼酸配合喷施处理,并以喷施清水为对照(CK),共11个处理,收获后测定植株的生长指标和硼含量。结果表明,单独喷施硼酸对油麦菜生物量无明显影响,低浓度氨基酸与硼配合喷施均能显著提高油麦菜生物量,其中丙氨酸-硼喷施处理油麦菜生物量较CK平均增加了9.4%。与CK相比,3种氨基酸与硼配合喷施均能明显提高油麦菜叶片总蛋白含量,同时降低硝酸盐积累,从而改善品质。与单独喷施硼酸相比,适宜浓度氨基酸与硼配合喷施均可显著提高油麦菜氮、钾积累量,另外谷氨酸-硼和天冬氨酸-硼喷施对油麦菜磷积累量也有明显促进作用。与单独喷施硼酸相比,氨基酸与硼配合喷施均可显著提高油麦菜地上部硼含量,其中丙氨酸-硼喷施处理油麦菜地上部硼含量平均增幅为41.0%;此外,丙氨酸-硼喷施对油麦菜地下部硼含量也有明显提升作用,平均增幅为15.6%;喷施丙氨酸浓度与油麦菜地上部和地下部硼含量均呈显著正相关关系。综合比较不同氨基酸与硼酸配合喷施对油麦菜的影响,可考虑将丙氨酸作为增效剂与硼肥配合施用,提高硼肥的应用效应。本研究为开发新型硼肥提供了理论依据。     

Boron and zinc deficiencies and toxicities and their interactions with other nutrients in soybean roots,leaves, and seeds

In many parts of the world, soils deficient and/or toxic in micronutrients reduce potential soybean (Glycine max) yields. The objective of our study was to grow plants in low to high concentrations of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) to determine how B and Zn deficiencies and toxicities affect soybean growth and interact with other essential nutrients in roots, leaves, and seeds. We found that B significantly affected levels of all essential nutrients except manganese and iron, while Zn significantly affected all essential nutrients in at least one plant tissue tested. Some of the physiological responses and nutrient interactions were cultivar-dependent. This study showed how deficiencies and toxicities of B and Zn affect plant growth and how B and Zn fertility interacts with many of the other essential nutrients.     

增施氮肥、硼肥对花期遮阴条件下玉米籽粒产量的影响

遮阴已成为影响夏玉米产量的重要因子，提高玉米耐阴性可为高产、抗逆栽培提供理论依据。以‘苏玉29’为试验材料，系统研究了小喇叭口期增施氮肥、硼肥缓解花期遮阴胁迫对夏玉米形态建成、物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明：遮阴处理降低了株高、茎粗、单株叶面积和干物质积累量，并延长了散粉吐丝间隔期。与遮阴处理比，小喇叭口期增施硼肥、氮肥不同程度提高了株高、茎粗、单株叶面积和干物质积累量，且同时增施硼肥、氮肥增幅最大。遮阴处理显著增加了秃尖长，降低了穗粒数和粒重，增施硼肥氮肥缓解了遮阴对突尖长、穗粒数和粒重的影响。增施硼肥、氮肥和同时增施硼肥、氮肥处理产量分别较遮阴处理提高36.7%、8.0%和43.1%。遮阴处理降低叶面积影响干物质积累，产量的降低与突尖增长、穗粒数较少和粒重降低有关。小喇叭口期增施硼肥和氮肥是缓解花期遮阴对产量不利影响的有效措施。 关键词：玉米；遮阴；氮肥；硼肥；产量；农艺性状     

硼在植物体内的生理效应及其对几种重要代谢产物影响的研究进展

硼是植物必需的重要微量元素之一，在植物体内起着重要的作用，但是硼在植物中属于难移动的元素，加上中国缺硼土壤分布广泛，因此植物中的缺硼现象比较严重。为了更好的了解硼在植物体内详细的代谢规律，本研究综述了微量元素硼在植物体内的生理效应及其调控机制，总结了植物的主要缺硼症状及不同硼水平条件下对植物的生理伤害，并着重分析了硼对几种重要代谢产物包括糖类、蛋白质、核酸、激素等的影响，介绍了微量元素硼影响植物的多种生理代谢过程，指出了硼在影响细胞膜稳定性、蛋白质数量、酚类、酶类等的代谢与分布的关系上仍需进一步深入探讨。     

施用锌肥和硼肥对玉米穗粒性状和品质的影响

为了探究微量元素锌和硼对玉米果穗的影响,以豫单606为材料,采用盆栽试验,设置不施用锌肥和硼肥(对照,CK)、施用锌肥、施用硼肥、同时施用锌肥和硼肥4种处理,调查了玉米穗粒性状和品质的变化。结果表明,施用锌肥和硼肥,秃尖减少,行粒数增加,产量显著提高;施用锌肥籽粒长度增加,粒厚、百粒体积和百粒重降低,由于穗粒数提高,单穗产量增加;施用硼肥籽粒长度、百粒重、百粒体积和单穗产量均增加。与CK相比,单施锌肥、硼肥及锌肥和硼肥配施均能提高籽粒蛋白质含量;施用锌肥籽粒脂肪含量显著提高,施用硼肥籽粒脂肪含量降低;各施肥处理淀粉含量均无显著差异。与CK相比,施用锌肥或硼肥以及锌肥和硼肥配施显著提高了籽粒锌和硼的含量。本研究结果为锌肥和硼肥在玉米生产中的应用提供了参考。     

三氟化硼催化合成2,3,4,4'-四羟基二苯甲酮新方法研究

以高沸程石油醚代替1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷为溶剂,对焦性没食子酸合成2,3,4,4'-四羟基二苯甲酮的经典方法——三氟化硼催化法进行改进。在常温下快速搅拌和加热,使原料和溶剂体系由混悬液转变成棕色油状溶液,一定时间后瞬间产生大量黄色油性结晶产物沉淀,完成合成反应。采用正交试验法优化反应条件为:焦性没食子酸0.05 mol、对羟基苯甲酸用量0.055 mol、催化剂用量0.16 mol(20 mL)、反应温度110℃、反应时间1 h,在此条件下,2,3,4,4'-四羟基二苯甲酮产率达83.24%,产品纯度为97.83%。该方法与传统方法的产率相近,生产过程中比1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷的毒性小、成本低,改进的合成反应还具有时间短、后处理简便、催化剂可回收等优点。对提纯到99.53%的产物,通过红外吸收光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱等方法进行鉴定和表征,确定了产物为2,3,4,4'-四羟基二苯甲酮。     

Effect of boron and sulfur interaction on some important biological indices in an inceptisol

In most soil ecosystems, soil biological activity and associated processes are concentrated in the rhizosphere soil and is influenced by the external application of plant nutrients. The impacts of boron and sulfur on soil biological properties were evaluated in an Aeric Haplaquept (pH 5.7) growing rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) as a test crop. Application of boron (B) at 2 mg kg^?1 in combination with sulfur (S) at 30 mg kg^?1 (B₂S₃₀) resulted in highest available Boron and sulfur of 0.239 and 15.4 mg kg^?1, respectively and registered 62.5% and 71.3% increase over control (B₀S₀) at 60 days of crop growth compared to individual applications. The microbial populations viz. phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) and nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) were the highest of 52.63 and 85.87 × 10⁵ g^?1 soil, respectively, CFU in B₂S₃₀ treatment at 60 days and adjudged as the best treatment combination for enhancement of soil biological indices and seed yield.     

施肥方式对沃柑果实产量和外观品质的影响

为验证沃柑测土配方施肥的效果,推进化肥减量增效,探究有机肥、中微量元素肥料与化肥配施对沃柑果实产量和外观品质的效应,在沃柑园设置随机区组小区精确试验,试验处理包括当地习惯施肥、测土配方推荐施肥、优化施肥、优化施肥兼叶面喷施0.2%硼酸、优化施肥兼叶面喷施0.05%钼酸铵、优化施肥兼叶面喷施4%硫酸镁。结果表明,测土配方推荐施肥相较于习惯施肥增产效果显著。在同等养分施用量的情况下,用有机肥代替部分化肥处理与全化肥处理比较产量无显著差异,但前者比后者增效4.03%。在土壤交换性镁贫乏的情况下,沃柑叶面施镁可以获得极显著而稳定的增产效果。在土壤不缺硼的情况下,叶面施硼可能无效。在土壤有效钼不足时沃柑叶面施钼能够增产,但连年施用效果不稳定。由此可见,伴随果实外观品质的提升,化肥减量增效在沃柑生产上是可行的;沃柑施肥的增产潜力较大,如果配方和选材得当,可以发挥更大效益。