生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质变化研究

对生活垃圾渗滤液的水质特性进行了研究,并研究了填埋时间等环境条件对渗滤液水质变化的影响,表明了渗滤液成分的复杂性.     

非氧化性修复剂在恢复NF/RO膜出水水质的应用研究

随着膜系统运行至一定年限,加上膜系统长期超负荷运行和膜化学清洗的不及时、不规范,都将加快膜元件的老化,造成膜元件对离子、小分子有机物等物质的截留率有所下降。膜出水COD偏高,电导率升高、颜色偏黄已成为纳滤/反渗透(NF/RO)系统运行过程中出现较频繁的问题之一,严重影响着膜系统的出水水质和出水美观度。本试验选取长沙生活垃圾渗滤液处理厂出水水质差的反渗透/纳滤处理系统为分析对象,通过冲击性投加的方式将专用NR-MRA-1000型修复剂粘附于膜表面,并24 h长期运行。试验结果表明,膜系统添加NR-MRA-1000型修复剂且运行48 h后,呈现出膜出水色度明显降低,COD截留率上升以及出水电导率下降、膜运行压力上涨等产水特征,对膜产水通量没有显著影响;且膜修复剂试验运行60 d后,膜机组相关产水性能恢复至原来的标准。     

不同灌水量对秸秆生物反应堆条件下番茄生长及产量的影响

为进一步完善秸秆生物反应堆技术的可操作性和实用性,通过在秋冬茬番茄上应用膜下滴灌的行下式玉米秸秆生物反应堆技术,分析不同灌水量对番茄生长指标及产量的影响。试验结果表明:常规灌水量下秸秆腐熟程度最好;667 m~2灌水量下浮30%较常规处理节水18.71 m~3、增产1 008.84 kg,节水增产效果明显。     

Optimized denitrification bioreactor treatment through simulated drainage containment

In the design of wood-based, enhanced-denitrification bioreactors to treat nitrate in agricultural drainage, the consideration of the highly variable flow rates and nitrate concentrations inherent to many drainage systems is important. For optimized mitigation of these nitrate loads, it may be best to contain drainage water prior to treatment in order to facilitate longer, more constant retention times rather than to allow cycles of flushing and dry periods in the denitrification bioreactor. Simulated containment prior to bioreactor treatment compared to passing drainage directly through a bioreactor was investigated with the use of six pilot-scale denitrification bioreactors constructed with plywood and filled with Pinus radiata woodchips at Massey University No. 4 Dairy Farm (Palmerston North, New Zealand). Initial bromide tracer tests were followed with a series of five simulated drainage events each at successively declining inflow nitrate concentrations. During each drainage event, three pilot bioreactors received a simulated hydrograph lasting 1.5 days (Non-Containment treatment) and three pilot bioreactors received the same total drainage volume treated over 4 days at a constant flow rate (i.e. constant retention time; Containment treatment). Results showed significantly different total mass removal efficiencies of 14.0% vs. 36.9% and significantly different removal rates of 2.1 g N m⁻³ day⁻¹ vs. 6.7 g N m⁻³ day⁻¹ for the Non-Containment and Containment treatments, respectively, which indicated that treating drainage at constant retention times provided more optimized nitrate removal. While this work was done to evaluate treatment under New Zealand drainage conditions, it also provides valuable information for optimizing agricultural drainage denitrification bioreactor performance in general.     

垃圾填埋沼气的收集、净化与利用综述

垃圾填埋沼气的回收利用是一项经济可行且对环境有益的技术.本文从填埋沼气的组成及其影响因素出发,探讨了沼气的收集、输送和贮存途径,介绍了当前的净化工艺,最后总结介绍了几种填埋沼气利用技术的特点及其适用性,并提出建立配备填埋沼气回收装置的卫生填埋场应成为我国城市垃圾处理的发展方向.     

马鞍山市向山垃圾填埋场抽气实验研究

本文根据马鞍山市向山垃圾填埋场的现场抽气实验，分析了影响垃圾填埋气体产生的各因素的变化规律，确定了抽气压力、气体流量和甲烷含量的关系及其影响因素，并以此为基础对填埋气体收集利用工程中填埋场的选择和系统的设计提出了建议。     

不同降解阶段填埋垃圾体的气体渗透特性研究

通过对不同降解阶段填埋垃圾体渗透系数的测定，研究了在不同压实密度、不同含水率条件下垃圾体渗透特性的变化情况，实验表明：1.对不同降解阶段的填埋垃圾体，新鲜垃圾及混和垃圾的渗透系数接近，腐熟垃圾明显高于前两者；随压实密度增加，其气体渗透系数均呈指数规律递减；2.随着垃圾体含水率的增加，腐熟与新鲜垃圾的渗透系数均呈线性规律递减，含水率对渗透系数的影响要远小于压实密度的影响；3.新垃圾、混合垃圾、腐熟垃圾均具有较显著的各向异性特征，在典型压实密度下，水平方向的气体渗透系数Kh为垂直方向渗透系数Kv的3.5-27.3倍。     

城市垃圾处理技术应用探讨

对我国城市垃圾的处理方式卫生填埋、焚烧,特别是堆肥方法进行了分析,结论是按照城市垃圾处理工程的三个原则,堆肥法无疑是一种最有效的处理城市垃圾的方法。     

两相分配(有机相-水相)生物反应器降解污染物的原理及应用

有毒有机污染物大多为人工合成的异生物合成物，具“三致”与生物难降解等特性，对环境和人类健康造成了严重的威胁。本文论述了两相分配生物反应器对有毒有机污染物的降解原理及其应用现状。该反应器基于热力学平衡原理，通过引入有机相，消除有机污染物对微生物的抑制作用，在快速降解污染物的同时实现体系的自控。现有研究表明。可高效降解苯、苯酚、BTX、多环芳烃等有毒有机污染物。此外，对该反应器的进一步研究与应用进行了展望。     

Electrolytic Efficiency of Late Landfill Leachate Pretreated by Electrolytic Oxidation

With trait of late landfill leachate treated hardly, it is an effective method of enhancing biodegradability of late landfill leachate that electrolytic oxidation pretreats late landfill leachate, and it is very necessary to calculate current efficiency. Varity of organic pollutants in the late landfill leachate is studied under the electrochemical action by some tests and current efficiency under different electrolytic condition is calculated. The results show that the most high current efficiency is 34.11% when the current density is 15 mA/cm^2 and electrolytic time is 6.5 h.