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1.
生物有机肥部分替代化肥对莴笋生长、产量及品质的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了改善因化肥过量施用导致的蔬菜品质下降、肥料利用率降低和环境污染等问题,通过化肥减量配施生物有机肥,探讨菜田减肥潜力和生物有机肥增效作用。采用随机区组试验,研究不同施肥处理对莴笋产量、品质、光合特性及肥料贡献率的影响。试验共设置6个施肥处理:不施肥(CK1)、100%常规施肥(CK2)、80%常规施肥+200 kg·667m~(-2)生物有机肥(T1)、80%常规施肥+400 kg·667m~(-2)生物有机肥(T2)、70%常规施肥+400 kg·667m~(-2)生物有机肥(T3)、70%常规施肥+200 kg·667m~(-2)生物有机肥(T4)。结果表明:生物有机肥部分替代化肥可使莴笋的株高、茎长及茎粗不同程度的增加,其中T2效果最优;在相同的生物有机肥施用量下,化肥减施20%较减施30%有助于根系的生长和根系活力的增强;T2处理莴笋叶绿素总量分别比CK1处理和CK2处理提高17.32%和1.74%;T2处理的净光合速率和蒸腾速率最高,分别高于其他处理6.90%~49.35%和6.26%~58.64%;与CK2相比, T1、T2、T3和T4分别增产4.76%、15.31%、11.06%和4.11%,其中T2产量最高,达8 277.00 kg·667m~(-2),其经济效益比CK2增长11.64%;化肥减施并配施生物有机肥的处理肥料贡献率均显著高于CK2处理, 100%常规施肥供大于求,供需平衡破坏,导致肥料的浪费;随着化肥用量的减少,莴笋硝酸盐含量降低, T3处理降低幅度最大,茎、叶中硝酸盐含量较CK2分别降低26.53%和20.96%;配施生物有机肥可提高莴笋茎、叶中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和维生素C的含量,其中配施400 kg·667m~(-2)时效果更优。化肥减施20%的条件下配施400 kg·667m~(-2)生物有机肥可增强莴笋叶片光合能力,提高产量和改善可食用部分品质,是实现肥料资源合理配置的良好施肥模式。 相似文献
2.
Marco Grella Fabrizio Gioelli Paolo Marucco Ingrid Zwertvaegher Eric Mozzanini Marco Pittarello Paolo Balsari Spyros Fountas David Nuyttens Monica Mezzalama Massimo Pugliese 《Pest management science》2023,79(11):4423-4438
Background
In order to improve the biological control agent (BCA) efficacy, stress factors threatening the viability of microorganisms during spray application need to be determined. The effect of spray mixture temperature and exposure time on Trichoderma harzianum T 22 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 viability were tested. Concurrently the combined effect of mechanical and thermal stress effect on BCA viability were tested at two initial spray mixture temperatures (14 and 25 °C) by simulating a spray application using airblast sprayers featured by different tank capacity and a spray liquid circuit (without and with hydraulic agitation system). To assess the BCA microorganism viability, spray mixture samples were collected at time intervals along trials and plated to count the colony forming units (CFU).Results
The critical temperature threshold that inhibited BCA viability was 35 °C with 30 min of exposure. The sprayer type, the initial temperature of the spray mixture and the temperature increment during the trials significantly decreased the number of CFU recovered. When simulating a spray application, the spray mixture temperature increase rate was determined mainly by the residual amount of spray mixture in the tank. Even if the tank capacity does not substantially affect the final temperature reached by the spray mixture, the higher residual spray mixture in bigger tanks can expose the BCAs for a longer time to critical temperatures.Conclusions
Experimental trials allowed us to identify the effect of factors affecting the viability of tested BCAs, providing information about the actual chance to guarantee the biological efficacy of BCA treatments. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献3.
Salvatrice Vizzini Giulia Visconti Geraldina Signa Salvatore Romano Antonio Mazzola 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(3):691-701
During a 18‐week experiment in a sea‐based system, Paracentrotus lividus was fed with two formulations of a new sustainable feed whose main ingredients were food farming discards, mostly outermost lettuce leaves, in different percentage. Egg white was added as protein source and binder, and a little amount of commercial fish feed was added as lipid source. At the end of the experiment, a high survival rate (>80%) and an increase in test diameter (22%), total weight (130%), gonad weight (240%) and gonad index expressed as size‐adjusted gonad weight (288%) were recorded. Gonads achieved a good colour and high levels of essential and polyunsaturated fatty acids, hence representing a commercially valuable product. Comparing the two feed formulations, the one with the lower lettuce content (57% vs. 67%) led to the best product quality, in terms of gonad features (gonad index and colour) and content of essential fatty acids. In order to move towards a higher sustainability of the aquaculture sector, this study proposes a low‐cost feed, produced with cheap and sustainable ingredients such as food farming discards. 相似文献
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As with other areas of the world, herbage production of cool‐season grasses in irrigated semi‐arid areas of the western USA at high elevation declines during summer. The use of warm‐season grasses during this period could be a possible way to ameliorate this decline in herbage production. The ability of twenty‐one grass cultivars, representing seven warm‐season grass species, to establish in the summer of 2005, as measured by stand frequency and herbage production, the potential for damage in winter under irrigated conditions in 2005–2006 and the stand frequency in 2006 at two sites in semi‐arid environments of the western USA was compared with that of a cultivar of each of six cool‐season grass species. Some warm‐season grass species, including switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), showed potential for use in this environment, based on their similar herbage production in 2005 and similar values of stand frequency in 2005 and 2006 to that of cool‐season grasses. All the cultivars of the warm‐season grass species suffered greater winter damage than did the cultivars of the cool‐season species. The higher winter damage to the species of warm‐season grasses did not correspond with a lower stand frequency in the second year. 相似文献
8.
《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(3):1028-1037
Understanding soil degradation is especially important in the Mediterranean Region where desertification is a serious problem, and soil salinization is one of the causes. Salinity reduces soil quality, limits crop productivity and brings on long term soil degradation. Therefore the restoration of degraded soils is necessary to reduce land degradation, improve soil fertility and achieve a sustainable food production. The addition of compost supplemented with the beneficial microorganism Trichoderma harzianum isolate T78 to saline soils (NaCl) was studied to determine the impact on soil microbiology, which is the key to restore and rehabilitate degraded soils. The selected Trichoderma harzianum isolate T78 showed high salt tolerance despite the low osmotolerance of the genus Trichoderma . Increasing salt concentration reduced Trichoderma sp colony‐forming units (CFU) from natural soil and adversely affected soil microbial biomass C as well as dehydrogenase, β‐glucosidase, phosphatase and urease activities. Simultaneous amendment of the saline soil with compost and inoculation with T. harzianum T78 improved the soil microbiological quality; the number of T. harzianum T78 CFU did not decrease as NaCl increased. As T. harzianum strain T78 is salt tolerant, increasing the relative abundance of this specific strain would contribute to the rehabilitation of saline soils. Vineyard composts supplemented with T. harzianum T78 represent a promising approach for the treatment and improvement of saline soil properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
有机复混肥对土壤及甜椒产量和品质的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
在盆栽条件下,研究了有机复混肥和等养分量的无机肥、有机无机复混肥对甜椒产量、品质及土壤性质的影响。结果表明:在等养分量条件下,有机复混肥、有机无机复混肥与无机肥相比明显促进了甜椒的生长发育(P<0.05),增产幅度为43.3%-109.8%,维生素含量提高39.1%-59.5%,NO3^-含量降低17.9%-35.7%,同时优化了土壤微生物区系,增加了土壤酶活性,改善了土壤肥力。 相似文献
10.
枸杞瘿螨的生物学特性及其有效积温的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
室内恒温条件下测定了枸杞瘿螨Aceria pallida Keifer的发育起点温度和有效积温。枸杞瘿螨产卵前期的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为7.23℃和50.99日度;卵和幼若螨期发育起点温度和有效积温分别为5.51℃和167.68日度;全世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为6.08℃和217.05日度。发育进度有效积温模型分别为4N4卵前=50.99/[T-7.23];4N4卵幼=167.68/[T-5.51]和4N4世代=217.05/[T-6.08]。在15℃~35℃恒温条件下发育历期与温度呈负相关,其中在25℃~30℃之间时枸杞瘿螨发育快,数量多,该温度范围是枸杞瘿螨生长发育的最适温度。根据呼和浩特地区气象资料,枸杞瘿螨在呼和浩特地区1a发生的理论代数为10代~12代。 相似文献