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排序方式: 共有1236条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为研究益生菌发酵红薯渣对肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响,采用单因素随机设计试验,选择体重相近、健康的育肥肉牛40头随机分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头,试验1组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组分别用10%、15%、20%益生菌发酵红薯渣替代饲粮中的玉米,预试验10 d,试验期60 d。结果表明:(1)试验3、4组的平均日增重较1组比分别提高16.9、14.1%(P<0.05),试验2、3、4组的平均采食量均高于1组(P>0.05);试验3、4组的料重比较1组比分别降低14.9%、12.4%(P<0.05);(2)试验2、3、4组干物质、蛋白质、钙、磷的表观消化率均高于1组(P 0.05);试验3、4组的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率较1组比分别提高12.7%、11.0%、18.9%、16.4%(P<0.05)。综上,益生菌发酵红薯渣替代饲料中15%玉米,可以提高肉牛的生长性能和养分表观消化率。  相似文献   
2.
The mutation T3811 → G3811 (TG3811) discovered in the myostatin gene of the Blonde d’Aquitaine breed is suspected of contributing to the outstanding muscularity of this breed. An experiment was designed to estimate the effect of this mutation in an F2 and back-cross Blonde d’Aquitaine × Holstein population. By genotyping all known mutations in the myostatin gene, it was ensured that the TG3811 mutation was indeed the only known mutation segregating in this population. Fifty-six calves (43 F2, 13 back-cross) were intensively fattened and slaughtered at 24.0 ± 1.4 wk of age. The effects of the mutation were estimated by comparing the calves with the [T/T] (n = 18), [T/G] (n = 30), and [G/G] (n = 8) genotypes. Highly significant substitution effects (P < 0.001), above + 1.2 phenotypic SD, were shown on carcass yield and muscularity scores. Birth weight (P < 0.001) was positively affected by the mutation (+0.8 SD) but not growth rate (P = 0.97), while carcass length (P = 0.03), and fatness (P ≤ 0.03) were negatively affected (–0.5 to –0.7 SD). The characteristics of the Triceps brachii muscle were affected by the mutation (P < 0.001), with lower ICDH activity (oxidative) and a higher proportion of myosin type 2X muscle fibers (fast twitch). The effects of the TG3811 mutation were similar to those of other known myostatin mutations, although the Blonde d’Aquitaine animals, which are predominantly [G/G] homozygous, do not exhibit extreme double muscling.  相似文献   
3.
为探索不同干燥方式对宁夏泾源黄牛肉水分分布特性及迁移规律的影响,本试验采用低场核磁共振技术(LF-NMR)结合干燥曲线,对中红外联合电加热(MICEH)、中红外(MI)、低温真空(LTV)3种干燥方式进行对比研究。结果表明,相同加热功率下泾源黄牛肉湿基含水率由72%降至20%以下所需时间分别为330、420和450 min,平均干燥速率分别为0.417 9、0.330 8和0.309 9 g·g-1·h-1;牛肉湿基含水率达到35%左右时,结合水峰积分面积A21明显降低,湿基含水率达到25%时,结合水的信号消失,不易流动水的波峰明显左移;不同干燥方式下,牛肉湿基含水率与核磁共振峰积分面积总和均呈显著的线性关系(P<0.05),其中MICEH干燥的线性回归方程为y=16 913x-1 102.3(R2=0.985 2);MICEH干燥前期水分下降较快,而后期水分扩散速率低于MI及LTV干燥(P<0.05),但在相近含水状态下MICEH干燥的氢质子密度分布相对均匀,牛肉干燥品质较高。本研究结果为MICEH在牛肉干燥生产上的应用提供了试验依据,也为MICEH干燥技术的改进提供了理论参考。  相似文献   
4.
蛋白质组学是后基因组时代出现的一个新研究领域。中国牛肉目前仍需要大量进口,提高牛肉肉品质一直是我国畜牧和食品行业科研工作者尽心研究的一大课题。随着基因组学的发展,从蛋白质水平研究肉品质及形成机理,对提高肉品质有着重要的意义。肌肉主要由水及蛋白质等成分组成,且肌肉的性状以及品质主要就是由蛋白质来表达的。因此,研究牛肉蛋白质组学对认知以及调控牛肉的品质具有重要意义。本文主要对蛋白质组学的研究技术及其在牛肉品质研究中的应用做简要介绍。  相似文献   
5.
Focus of this study was to evaluate the most suitable breed/crossbred and the appropriate nutritional strategies to increase marbling in beef muscle and to improve its healthy properties, in particular the n‐3 fatty acids content. One hundred and seventy‐six heifers of three crossbreed commonly reared by Emilia‐Romagna farmers: 48 Bleu Belge × Freisian (ITA), 48 Charolais × Aubrac (FRA), and 80 Angus (ANG) were used. Animals of each breed were randomly subdivided in two experimental groups that received two diets, differing for the dietary lipid source. Control group (C) received a basal diet containing protected vegetable fats, whereas treated one (T) received the same basal diet supplemented with 0.9 kg/head/day of extruded flaxseed. After slaughtering, a sample of Longissimus thoracis was collected from each animal for meat quality analysis. Our results demonstrated that, in a shorter fattening period, ANG animals obtained the best dry matter intake, average daily gain and the best fattening scores. ITA and ANG meat presented the highest marbling scores. ANG breed had the highest amount of C18:1, the highest unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio and the lowest n‐6/n‐3 ratio. The T animals, independently from breed, showed the highest amount of α‐linolenic acid (ALA). In addition, ANG‐T meat presented the highest ALA content.  相似文献   
6.
The rumen microbiota comprises a vast range of bacterial taxa, which may affect the production of high-quality meat in Japanese Black cattle. The aim of this study was to identify core rumen microbiota in rumen fluid samples collected from 74 Japanese Black cattle raised under different dietary conditions using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In the rumen of fattening Japanese Black cattle, 10 bacterial taxa, showing >1% average relative abundance and >95% prevalence, irrespective of the dietary conditions and the fattening periods, were identified as the core rumen bacterial taxa, which accounted for approximately 80% of the rumen microbiota in Japanese Black cattle. Additionally, population dynamics of the core rumen bacterial taxa revealed two distinct patterns: Prevotella spp. and unclassified Bacteroidales decreased in the mid-fattening period, whereas unclassified Clostridiales, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus spp., and unclassified Christensenellaceae increased during the same period. Therefore, the present study reports the wide distribution of the core rumen bacterial taxa in Japanese Black cattle, and the complementary nature of the population dynamics of these core taxa, which may ensure stable rumen fermentation during the fattening period.  相似文献   
7.
为了研究遮阳网在中国西北地区应用于围栏育肥牛场以缓解夏季肉牛热应激的效果,该试验对现场环境指标进行实测,同时对肉牛的皮肤温度、呼吸频率进行了记录,通过数据分析,对不同时段牛场的温热环境进行了评价。结果表明:遮阳网在各个时段都能改善肉牛生长环境,在午时可减少87%的太阳辐射,使温度降低3.95℃,黑球温度降低19.9%,从而将环境从严重热应激状态转变为中度热应激状态;中午肉牛的躺卧行为百分比从14.21%升高至59.9%(P0.01),而站立行为的百分比从64.5%降至29.7%(P0.01),且各个时段肉牛饮水行为占比较低;非遮蔽区的黑球温度与肉牛皮温和呼吸频率的相关性最高,相关系数分别为0.53和0.20。以上结果通过环境和肉牛生理特征的变化,反映了遮阳网主要通过减少太阳辐射来降低肉牛热应激水平,改善肉牛的生长环境,从而在维持其生产性能的同时提高了动物福利。该研究可为遮阳网在中国肉牛行业中的应用效果提供参考。  相似文献   
8.
Four adult Simmental male cattle (376 ± 9.0 kg initial BW), fitted with permanent rumen cannulas, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to investigate the effects of dietary supplementing tannic acid (TA) on rumen fermentation, methane (CH4) production, rumen microbes, nutrient digestibility and plasma biochemical parameters. Four levels of TA, that is 0, 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg dry matter (DM), were added to the basal ration (composed of corn silage and concentrate mixture) as experimental treatments respectively. Each experimental period consisted of a 12‐day adaptation phase followed by a 3‐day sampling phase. The results showed that supplementing TA at 26.0 g/kg DM decreased the relative abundance of protozoa, methanogens and Ruminococcus albus to the total ruminal bacterial 16S rDNA in beef cattle (p < 0.05). The results also showed that supplementing TA at 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM decreased (p < 0.01) the CH4 production (l/kg DM intake) by 11.1%, 14.7% and 33.6% respectively. Supplementing TA at 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate and ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) (p < 0.05) and tended to decrease the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration of rumen fluid (p = 0.07). Supplementing TA at 26.0 g/kg DM decreased DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility (p < 0.05), supplementing TA at 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM decreased (p < 0.01) crude protein (CP) digestibility by 5.0%, 8.6% and 15.7%, respectively, and supplementing TA at 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM increased (p < 0.05) the plasma total antioxidant capability. It was concluded that supplementing TA in the ration of beef cattle decreased the CH4 production and digestibility of CP of beef cattle. Supplementing TA could be an effective option to mitigate CH4 emission form cattle, further research is necessary to study the effects of TA on the performance of cattle.  相似文献   
9.
10.
试验探讨了2个与HSP70基因连锁的微卫星座位与牛运输应激性状的关联分析。选择120头12月龄、体重250 kg左右的健康西门塔尔杂种肉牛进行运输应激试验,并根据牛基因组遗传图谱,选择23号染色体上与HSP70基因连锁的微卫星座位BMS468和BM1258检测其在西门塔尔杂种肉牛样本群体中的多态性,采用最小二乘拟合一般线性模型分析微卫星座位与运输应激性状部分指标之间的关联效应。结果显示:微卫星座位BMS468共检测到5个等位基因(128、134、140、146、154 bp),优势等位基因为128和134 bp,有效等位基因数(Ne)、多态信息含量(PIC)和遗传杂合度(He)分别为3.66、0.68和0.73,遗传多态性较高,关联分析显示与运输后7 d平均日增重和发病率显著相关,其中128/128 bp基因型个体的运输后7 d平均日增重最大(P < 0.05),134/128 bp基因型个体的发病率最低(P < 0.05);微卫星座位BM1258座位共检测到6个等位基因(99、101、103、113、117、119 bp),优势基因为101 bp,Ne、PIC和He分别为4.30、0.73和0.77,遗传多态性较丰富,关联分析显示,其与发病率显著相关,其中99/99 bp基因型个体的发病率最低(P < 0.05)。综上所述,2个微卫星座位可作为牛运输应激性状的潜在遗传标记,为开展牛抗运输应激性状的标记辅助选择提供科学依据。  相似文献   
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