An acoustic based approach to evaluate the effect of different diet lengths on feeding behavior of Litopenaeus vannamei

Studying shrimp feeding behavior is challenging and, traditionally, studies have been using direct visual observation or video recordings with image analysis under laboratory conditions. Passive acoustics monitoring (PAM) is a non-invasive approach to study feeding behavior of penaeids, as their mandibles emit clicking sounds during feed ingestion. Considering the wide variation available in shrimp diet lengths, our knowledge is still limited about their effects on feeding behavior. The present study was designed to use acoustics to evaluate the feeding behavior of Litopenaeus vannamei fed different diet lengths. A commercial pelleted diet with similar diameter (2.4 mm) and three different lengths was used as treatments “small” (2.35 mm), “medium” (4.26 mm) and “large” (8.42 mm). Three separate trials were performed with fastened shrimp (20 g), using omnidirectional hydrophones and external audio recorders. Our approach started with the characterization of the click acoustic parameters produced by three shrimps when fed the different diet lengths in anechoic chambers (15 L). We then analyze the number of clicks produced per pellet and duration of the clicking activity when shrimp fed a single pellet in individual tanks (1 L). Finally, the acoustic energy of feeding activity and feed consumption, as well as theirs relationship to predict feed intake was evaluated in aquaria (70 L) with five shrimps. The acoustic parameters of isolated clicks were not affected by the different diet lengths, however, doubling the length of the pellet resulted in doubling the number of clicks emitted during feeding activity. The duration of clicking activity per pellet indicated that small pellets are consumed 2.9 and 4.7 times faster than medium and large pellets, respectively. Furthermore, feeding acoustic energy of small pellets decreased rapidly after feed offer, as their faster consumption probably contributed to shrimps achieved satiety earlier than larger diets. Feed consumption was similar among diets length, but significantly correlated with the feeding acoustic energy emitted by L. vannamei, which is a breakthrough in feeding behavioral research. The results highlight the potential and possibilities of an acoustic approach to estimate feed consumption, as well as an alternative to traditional methods in feeding behavioral studies to improve efficiency of feed management.     

2018年夏季南奥克尼群岛南极磷虾集群特征

基于2018年夏季南奥克尼群岛南极磷虾资源声学调查数据，本研究对该海域南极磷虾集群进行了分析。结果显示，检测到南极磷虾集群3 224个，反映集群特征的5个参数即深度、长度、厚度、面积及密度分别为(96.00±64.33) m、(218.52±455.66) m、(11.19±13.98) m、(1 894.40±9 345.72) m²和(114.11±159.60) 尾/m³；不同时间段之间集群密度无显著性差异，但集群深度、长度、厚度及面积之间均存在显著性差异。不同水层间集群厚度和面积之间无显著性差异，但集群深度，长度和密度均存在显著性差异。南极磷虾集群共分为三类，其中第Ⅰ类集群密度最大，为(325.90±221.30) 尾/m³；集群规模最小，为(379.64±433.73) m²；深度最深，为(158.06±67.54) m。第Ⅱ类集群的长度最长，为(1 089.60±1 189.56) m；集群面积为(15 601.25±30 243.33) m²，远大于其他集群。第Ⅲ类集群深度最浅，为(78.91±52.88) m；密度最小，为(48.87±50.33) 尾/m³，但数量最多。     

液下泵内部非定常流动及噪声特性

为研究液下泵内部流动的非定常特性及噪声规律,通过采用计算流体动力学软件ANSYS CFX15.0与LMS Virtual.lab声学仿真软件相结合的一种间接混合计算方法,对液下泵内部流场及其声场进行求解.在该计算方法中,对流场进行求解得到监测点的非定常压力脉动,从而获得非稳态的压力脉动频域特性规律;基于声学边界元法,对液下泵蜗壳偶极子内场噪声和叶片偶极子内场噪声进行求解,获得了边界元表面的声压级分布以及典型场点的声压频率曲线.计算结果表明:叶片扫掠过程中与蜗壳隔舌的相互作用产生较大的压力脉动,隔舌附近的噪声是流动噪声的主要噪声源;声压级在叶片通过频率及其谐频时达到极大值,随频率的增大,声压级极大值都呈现衰减状态.研究结果可为液下泵的后续降噪分析提供一定的理论基础.     

基于声学特性的香瓜成熟度检测方法

利用声学特性检测香瓜内部品质,通过敲击香瓜发出的声频,建立声学特性和果蔬品质的相关性。采用PROE4.0建模并仿真,制作了自动化电脑控制击打装置;利用麦克风接收信号,运用LABVIEW软件对声波信号进行采集接收,用Origin8.1软件进行信号的处理(包括数据平滑、FFT法分析数据、数据拟合、基线峰值分析等),并对分析的数据基线式建模。结果表明,基于声学特性和香瓜硬度有显著的线性相关性。     

Acoustical Design of Gymnasium in Harbin Normal University Sports Center

Gymnasium in Harbin Normal University Sports Center is a large-scale gymnasium. This paper analyzes unfavorable factors in its acoustics and illustrates different kinds of intention of the design. At the same time, the questions about the project operation and technique are pondered one by one, it is expected that these thinking can provide some experience to the similar project.     

The influence of pelagic habitat selection and interspecific competition on productivity of juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the Gulf of Alaska

Here we investigate processes affecting productivity of capelin and walleye pollock in the Gulf of Alaska. We examine pelagic habitat selection by comparing the distribution of juvenile fish and their prey with oceanographic properties and we evaluate the potential for interspecific competition by comparing diets and measures of foraging. The primary field study was conducted in Barnabus Trough, Kodiak Island, Alaska, during September 2005. The distribution of fish was assessed acoustically and trawls were used to collect individual fish for stomach content analyses. Physical and biological data were collected with conductivity–temperature–depth probes and zooplankton tows. Age‐0 pollock were distributed in cool waters offshore of a mid‐trough front, coincident with the distribution of euphausiids, their preferred prey. In contrast, capelin and their prey (copepods) were distributed throughout the trough. We observed that sympatric capelin (occurring with pollock) often had reduced foraging success compared to allopatric capelin (occurring alone). Results of a bioenergetic model also suggest that the exclusion of capelin from foraging on euphausiids can have negative consequences for capelin growth.     

基于声学特性的西瓜糖度检测系统

该研究优化了由包裹橡皮的金属小球、压电式加速度传感器、电荷放大器、光电式触发电路、数据采集卡和计算机等组成的西瓜声学特性测试系统。由所获取的声波信号幅值谱计算出声透过率,采用TQ软件中SMLR(逐步多元线性回归)函数选取6个特征频率:752、869、1001、4556、322、3950Hz,由其对应的声透过率值建立了西瓜品质检测的多元线性回归模型。对47个西瓜样本的试验数据分析表明:将敲击点和接收点分别放置在西瓜自然生长状态的中部对侧可获得最佳的测定模型,模型的校正相关系数R、校正均方根误差RMSEC和预测均方根误差RMSEP分别是0.80753、0.646和0.655。实现了西瓜糖度检测目的,为声学无损检测西瓜成熟度提供了参考。     

Effects of changing spatial scale on acoustic observations of patchiness in the Gulf Stream

We examine the influence of spatial scale on studies of nektonic patchiness at the north edge of the Gulf Stream by altering the grain size of acoustic cross sections and applying a patch-finding algorithm. From original pictures of 180 pixels deep by 540–1260 pixels long, we averaged depth and length, to give 9 scales ranging from fine grain (1 m vertical × 25 m horizontal sized pixels) to coarse grain (12 m × 300 m sized pixels). Measures of overall echo intensity within patches were the most predictable and showed little change with scale. Measures of variability of the echo within patches showed simple negative trends with scale and were best measured at fine spatial scales. Patch size and shape related variables have a more complex relationship with scale with differences between day and night transects more pronounced at intermediate scales. This suggests behavioral patch forming mechanisms within the nekton occur at a specific grain size (4 m vertical × 100 m horizontal) within the Gulf Stream front.     

基于声学冲激响应的奶山羊呼吸及反刍同步监测方法

呼吸及反刍是奶山羊最基本的生理活动,及时准确地同步获取奶山羊的呼吸及反刍信息可以为评估奶山羊健康状况提供数据支撑。针对现有方法呼吸及反刍同步监测能力的不足,提出了一种基于声学冲激响应的单只静卧奶山羊呼吸及反刍同步监测方法。该方法首先利用声学在室内空间中的多径效应,实现奶山羊呼吸过程中胸脯起伏及反刍过程中嘴部咀嚼动作全向采集;其次计算收发信号的冲激响应,捕捉由呼吸及反刍运动造成多径信号周期性变化的特征;然后利用呼吸及反刍运动频率差实现呼吸和反刍信号的分离;最后经过幅度归一化、相位同步后实现呼吸及反刍波形的可视化。为了验证该方法的有效性,选用了不同朝向的静卧奶山羊进行呼吸及反刍监测试验,并分析了环境噪声对试验的影响,结果表明：对于不同朝向的奶山羊,该方法呼吸平均相对误差为2.60%,反刍平均相对误差为3.51%,平均漏帧率为2.49%,并对环境噪声有较强的抗干扰能力。