恩施产区湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分挥发性成分与抗菌活性研究

为了研究恩施产区湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分的抗菌活性和挥发性成分,以恩施产区湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分为研究对象,运用滤纸片法测试对11株供试菌的抑菌活性;采用微量肉汤稀释法测定对供试菌的MIC值;运用GC-MS鉴定挥发性成分;运用气相色谱外标法测定贝母素乙含量。研究结果显示:湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分对苏云金芽孢杆菌、溶藻弧菌、鲍曼不动杆菌有中度敏感抑制活性,其MIC值分别为2.37、5.93、11.86 mg·mL^-1;湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分的抑菌活性与贝母素乙的抑菌活性存在显著性差异,推测贝母素乙不是湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分中主要发挥抑菌活性的成分;从乙酸乙酯组分中共鉴定出16个挥发性代谢产物,主要成分为脂肪烃(4.55%)、脂肪酸(24.07%)、含氮生物碱(23.02%);湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分中贝母素乙的含量为(16.19±0.16) mg·g^-1,加标回收率为96.58%,相对标准偏差为3.98%。湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分的优良抑菌活性和抑菌广谱性,为开发优质植物来源的新型天然抗生素提供了重要参考。     

Early resynchronization protocols for goats: Progestogens can be used prior to an early pregnancy diagnosis without affecting corpus luteum functionality

This study aimed to evaluate the exogenous progesterone (P4) effect on the luteal function from Day 16 to Day 21 of the oestrous cycle in inseminated goats with unknown pregnancy status. A total of 54 does passed through a short progestin-based synchronization protocol and, on Day 16 of the following oestrous cycle, 27 does received a new P4 device which was retained until Day 21. Blood samples were collected daily from all does during this period, as well as on Day 24. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed on Day 30. Serum P4 values from 26 animals (G_NPSP: Group of non-pregnant does with second sponge: n = 8; G_NPNSP: Group of non-pregnant does without second sponge: n = 6; G_PSP: Group of pregnant does with second sponge: n = 5; G_PNSP: Group of pregnant does without second sponge: n = 7) were determined by radioimmunoassay commercial kits. No P4 differences were found between groups (G_NPSP: 3.1 ± 2.8; 1.7 ± 1.8; 0.4 ± 1.0; and 0.0 ± 0.0 vs. G_NPNSP: 4.4 ± 1.8; 3.0 ± 2.2; 0.8 ± 0.8; and 0.0 ± 0.0 or G_PSP: 4.2 ± 1.0; 3.4 ± 0.6; 3.3 ± 1.6; 3.2 ± 0.9; 3.6 ± 1.2; 3.5 ± 1.3; 2.7 ± 1.3 vs. G_PNSP: 4.4 ± 1.6; 3.6 ± 1.5; 3.7 ± 1.5; 3.8 ± 1.4; 3.2 ± 1.2; 3.1 ± 1.2; 3.6 ± 1.1; D16, D17, D18, D19, D20, D21, D24, respectively) or for the interaction of group and time. In conclusion, a second progestogen device had no effect on luteolysis or early pregnancy in the following oestrous cycle.     

硝酸钠和乙酸铵配施对黄果柑幼苗光合特性的影响

利用Li–6400便携式光合测定系统，测定了硝酸钠与乙酸铵11个不同配比处理的黄果柑幼苗在不同季节的光合能力。结果表明：1) 硝酸钠与乙酸铵配比处理黄果柑幼苗的光合能力均表现为夏季最强，冬季最弱，秋季强于春季；叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量均表现为夏季最高，冬季最低，秋季高于春季。2) 硝酸钠和乙酸铵配比(质量比)为8∶2时，黄果柑幼苗叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用率和气孔导度以及叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量均高于其他处理，单施硝酸钠或乙酸铵处理都低。综合比较分析，硝酸钠和乙酸铵配比为8∶2时，黄果柑幼苗的光合能力最强。     

纳米级固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2催化合成乙酸芳樟酯的研究

首次采用纳米级固体超强酸SO4^2-/ZrO2为催化剂合成乙酸芳樟酯，考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、乙酐与芳樟醇摩尔比(酐醇比)等因素对反应的影响。结果表明，反应温度30℃、反应时间6．5h、催化剂用量为原料质量的2．5％、酐醇比为2．5：1时，芳樟醇转化率为93．2％，产物中乙酸芳樟酯含量为53．78％，总酯含量为76．89％。通过与其它催化剂对比发现，本实验反应时间较短，催化剂可重复使用，有较好的应用潜力。     

乙酸龙脑酯标准样品的制备和定值研究

研究了乙酸龙脑酯标准样品的制备、均匀性和稳定性及其定值方法。乙酸龙脑酯标准样品的制备采用高纯度天然龙脑的乙酰化法,乙酸龙脑酯标准样品的含量测定采用气相色谱面积归一化法,制备得到的乙酸龙脑酯标准样品通过了均匀性检验,且至少在24个月内是稳定的。乙酸龙脑酯标准样品的多实验室联合定值结果表示为:乙酸龙脑酯含量的标准值99.93%;标准不确定度0.08%;扩展不确定度(95%置信率)0.16%。     

Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction. An inflammatory model was established in RAW264.7 cells with PRV infection to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of FEA by measuring cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its functional mechanism was investigated by analyzing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of key proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that PRV induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, and the responses were similar to that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. FEA significantly suppressed NO synthesis and down-regulated both expression and secretion of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FEA also reduced NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus and decreased MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway may be closely related to the inflammatory response during viral infection. The findings suggested the potential pharmaceutical application of FEA as a natural product that can treat viral infections due to its ability to mitigate inflammatory responses.     

基于pGhost4系统保加利亚乳杆菌乙酸激酶敲除载体的构建

保加利亚乳杆菌凭借其微生物特性和效能优异等特点成为当下产乳酸最重要的微生物菌株之一。乙酸是保加利亚乳杆菌代谢乳酸最主要的副产物,它的大量生成降低葡萄糖的代谢利用率,并且消耗了能量。乙酸激酶是控制乙酸生成的关键酶,敲除乙酸激酶基因,理论上可以阻断戊糖磷酸途径中乙酸的生成,从而优化代谢途径提高葡萄糖代谢乳酸的利用率。研究以Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus ATCC 11842公布的乙酸激酶基因ack序列设计引物,以保加利亚乳杆菌基因组DNA为模板,PCR克隆出ack上下游片段,利用重叠PCR技术将上下游片段拼接在一起,并连入具有温敏性的p Ghost4载体。     

椭圆嗜蓝层孔菌子实体化学成分研究

椭圆嗜蓝层孔菌(Phellinus ellipsoidea)子实体甲醇提取物依次用石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取,其乙酸乙酯分部经柱层析分离得到11个化合物。经鉴定这11个化合物分别为:苯并(1,2-b,5,4-b′)二呋喃-3,5-二酮-8-甲酸甲酯(1)、原儿茶酸(2)、4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(3)、原儿茶醛(4)、Hispidin(5)、Hispolon(6)、Inoscavin A(7)、Phelligridin K(8)、Inoscavin C(9)、Inoscavin E(10)和Inonoblins B(11),其中化合物2、4、7、10为首次从该物种中分离得到。     

马铃薯交联淀粉醋酸酯的制备工艺及特性

马铃薯原淀粉在水相体系、碱性条件下与醋酸酐作用，生成马铃薯淀粉醋酸酯，然后与交联剂进行交联反应，得到马铃薯交联淀粉醋酸酯。通过改变反应温度、反应时间、pH值和交联剂用量等条件，得出制取马铃薯交联淀粉醋酸酯的最佳工艺条件：反应温度35℃，pH值11，反应时间2 h，交联剂用量2%。所制取的马铃薯交联淀粉醋酸酯较原淀粉在糊液黏度的稳定性、抗老化性、抗分离性等方面均有较大的改善。